The Experts below are selected from a list of 258 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hiroomi Akashi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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generation of a recombinant Akabane Virus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein
Journal of Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Akiko Takenakauema, Kentaro Kato, Yousuke Murata, Kazuyuki Uchida, Fumihiro Gen, Yukari Ishiharasaeki, Kenichi Watanabe, Shin Murakami, Takeshi Haga, Hiroomi AkashiAbstract:We generated a recombinant Akabane Virus (AKAV) expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP-AKAV) by using reverse genetics. We artificially constructed an ambisense AKAV S genome encoding N/NSs on the negative-sense strand, and eGFP on the positive-sense strand with an intergenic region (IGR) derived from the Rift Valley fever Virus (RVFV) S genome. The recombinant Virus exhibited eGFP fluorescence and had a cytopathic effect in cell cultures, even after several passages. These results indicate that the gene encoding eGFP in the ambisense RNA could be stably maintained. Transcription of N/NSs and eGFP mRNAs of eGFP-AKAV was terminated within the IGR. The mechanism responsible for this appears to be different from that in RVFV, where the termination sites for N and NSs are determined by a defined signal sequence. We inoculated suckling mice intraperitoneally with eGFP-AKAV, which resulted in neurological signs and lethality equivalent to those seen for the parent AKAV. Fluorescence from eGFP in frozen brain slices from the eGFP-AKAV-infected mice was localized to the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Our approach to producing a fluorescent Virus, using an ambisense genome, helped obtain eGFP-AKAV, a fluorescent bunyaVirus whose viral genes are intact and which can be easily visualized. IMPORTANCE AKAV is the etiological agent of arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in ruminants, which causes considerable economic loss to the livestock industry. We successfully generated a recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged AKAV containing an artificial ambisense S genome. This Virus could become a useful tool for analyzing AKAV pathogenesis in host animals. In addition, our approach of using an ambisense genome to generate an orthobunyaVirus stably expressing a foreign gene could contribute to establishing alternative vaccine strategies, such as bivalent vaccine Virus constructs, for veterinary use against infectious diseases.
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histopathological studies on the neuropathogenicity of the iriki and obe 1 strains of Akabane Virus in balb cajcl mice
Journal of Comparative Pathology, 2015Co-Authors: Yousuke Murata, Hiroomi Akashi, Kazuyuki Uchida, Chieko Shioda, A Uema, Norasuthi Bangphoomi, James K Chambers, Hiroyuki NakayamaAbstract:The OBE-1 strain of Akabane Virus infects the fetus via the dam, resulting in abortion or congenital abnormalities in ruminants. In contrast, the Iriki strain of Akabane Virus is highly virulent and causes encephalomyelitis by post-natal infection. To clarify the difference in pathogenicity between the two strains, BALB/cAJcl mice were inoculated either intraperitoneally or intracerebrally (IC) with either strain from 3 days to 8 weeks of age. Pathological examination revealed non-suppurative encephalitis in mice inoculated by either route with the Iriki strain. Virus antigens were distributed widely throughout the brain when the Virus was inoculated into newborn mice, but distribution was limited to the brainstem in mice inoculated when 8 weeks old. However, brain lesions were observed only in mice inoculated with OBE-1 by the IC route when the mice were 3 days old, but these lesions were mild. To examine the manner of viral spreading, the Iriki strain was inoculated IC or intrastriatally into 8-week-old mice. Viral antigens were distributed prominently throughout the spinal cord as well as the brainstem and various cerebral nuclei, and were present with less prominence in the connective fibres. Virus antigens were also distributed in the subventricular zone, where neuronal stem cells exist. These results show that the neuroinvasiveness of the Iriki strain diminishes with age, while neurovirulence is maintained; however, for the OBE-1 strain both neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence diminish with age. Furthermore, Akabane Virus infects neuronal cells in the brainstem and spreads to the spinal cord via an unidentified transneuronal pathway.
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Akabane Virus utilizes alternative endocytic pathways to entry into mammalian cell lines
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2014Co-Authors: Hiroomi Akashi, Kentaro Kato, Norasuthi Bangphoomi, Akiko Takenakauema, Tatsuki Sugi, Taisuke HorimotoAbstract:The entry mechanisms of Akabane Virus (AKAV), Bunyaviridae family, have not yet been determined. In this study, chemical inhibitors were used to analyze endocytic mechanisms during AKAV infection of mammalian cell lines. The analyses using drug treatments followed by quantitative measurement of viral RNA and N protein revealed that AKAV enters non-bovine-derived cell lines (Vero, HmLu-1 and BHK cells) in a manner indicative of clathrin endocytosis. By contrast, AKAV infection in bovine-derived cell lines (LB9.K and MDBK cells) is independent of this pathway. Further analyses indicated that AKAV entry into bovine cell lines involves a non-clathrin, non-caveolae endocytic pathway that is dependent on dynamin. We conclude that although both cell types require a low pH for AKAV penetration, AKAV utilizes alternative entry pathways into mammalian cell lines.
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comparison of Akabane Virus isolated from sentinel cattle in japan
Veterinary Microbiology, 2007Co-Authors: Y Ogawa, Keita Sugiura, Kentaro Kato, Yukinobu Tohya, Toyoko Fukutomi, Katsuaki Sugiura, Hiroomi AkashiAbstract:Adult cows, ewes, and goats infected with Akabane Virus (AKAV) of the genus OrthobunyaVirus of the family Bunyaviridae do not present any clinical signs; however, in utero infections may result in abortion, premature birth, stillbirth, and congenital deformities such as arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in cattle, sheep, and goats. In contrast, the Iriki strain, a variant of AKAV isolated from a calf with nervous signs and encephalitis, causes encephalitis in experimentally inoculated calves. Two AKAV field isolates, named Okayama2001 and Okayama2004, were isolated from blood specimens of sentinel calves and characterized by cross-neutralization testing, genetic analyses of the S and M RNA segments, and experimental intraperitoneal infection in mice. Although a genetic relationship was established between Okayama2001 and the Iriki strain, their antigenic characteristics differ. Okayama2001 was avirulent in mice, as was the OBE-1 strain, which was isolated from an aborted bovine fetus. In contrast, Okayama2004 was antigenically and genetically related to the OBE-1 strain, but was virulent in mice, similar to the Iriki strain. These results indicate that the isolates mutated antigenically or pathogenically and suggest that AKAV mutates frequently in the field. Although attenuated and inactivated vaccines have been developed for disease prevention, an outbreak may occur due to variant Viruses arising from mutation.
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Rescue of Akabane Virus (family Bunyaviridae) entirely from cloned cDNAs by using RNA polymerase I.
The Journal of general virology, 2007Co-Authors: Yohsuke Ogawa, Keita Sugiura, Kentaro Kato, Yukinobu Tohya, Hiroomi AkashiAbstract:Reverse-genetic systems are often used to study different aspects of the viral life cycle. To date, three rescue systems have been developed for the family Bunyaviridae. These systems use T7 RNA polymerase, which is generally used in rescue systems for Mononegavirales. In the present study, we describe a rescue system for Akabane Virus (family Bunyaviridae) that uses cDNAs and RNA polymerase I instead of T7 RNA polymerase. The utility of this system was demonstrated by the generation of a mutant with a deletion of the non-structural protein (NSs) on the S RNA segment. These results offer a new option for bunyaVirus rescue.
Tohru Yanase - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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complete genome sequences of two Akabane Virus strains causing bovine postnatal encephalomyelitis in japan
Microbiology Resource Announcements, 2020Co-Authors: Misuzu Okajima, Tohru Yanase, Makoto Ozawa, Isshu Kojima, Hiroaki Shirafuji, Tatsunori MasataniAbstract:Akabane Virus (AKAV) (genus OrthobunyaVirus, family Peribunyaviridae) is an arthropod-borne Virus that causes congenital abnormalities in ruminants. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of two AKAV strains causing nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis in cattle by postnatal infection in Japan.
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surveillance of culicoides biting midges in northern honshu japan during the period of Akabane Virus spread
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2019Co-Authors: Tohru Yanase, Toshiyuki Tsutsui, Hiroaki Shirafuji, Yoko Hayama, Yutaka TeradaAbstract:A surveillance of Culicoides biting midges with light suction traps was conducted in the northern region of Honshu, main island of Japan, during the summers and autumns of 2009 and 2010. A total of 106 trap collections across 37 cattle farms were investigated for the structure and distribution of Culicoides species. Forty-thousand and one hundred forty-nine specimens of Culicoides biting midges were identified at the species level, and ≥19 species were included in the specimens. Culicoides oxystoma, which is a known major vector of Akabane Virus (AKAV), appeared not to have expanded in northern Honshu during the surveillance. Of the potential AKAV vectors suggested by a previous laboratory experiment, C. tainanus and C. punctatus widely infested cowsheds across northern Honshu. The AKAV circulation was confirmed by serological surveillance of sentinel cattle in northern Honshu during the summer and autumn of 2010 and, consequently, >200 calves affected by the Virus were identified as of spring 2011. Our surveillance demonstrated that C. tainanus and C. punctatus were widely spread and often dominated at cattle farms in/around the seroconverted regions, and our results thus suggest that these species played a critical role in the AKAV transmission in 2010. Because the distribution ranges of C. tainanus and C. punctatus cover almost all of mainland Japan, a potential risk of AKAV transmission might be expected even in areas outside the range of C. oxystoma.
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oral susceptibility of japanese culicoides diptera ceratopogonidae species to Akabane Virus
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2019Co-Authors: Tohru Yanase, Makoto Yamakawa, Tomoko Kato, Hiroaki Shirafuji, Yoko Hayama, Shogo TanakaAbstract:To test their Virus susceptibility and capacity as transmission vectors, Japanese Culicoides species were artificially fed a mixture of Akabane Virus (AKAV) and bovine blood, and Virus recovery was attempted from infected midges 9-11 d post-exposure. Culicoides tainanus, C. punctatus, C. humeralis, C. jacobsoni, C. oxystoma, and C. asiana were found to be orally susceptible to AKAV. Virus titers in single infected midges of C. tainanus, C. oxystoma, C. punctatus, and C. jacobsoni ranged from 100.75 to 104.0 TCID50 (tissue culture infectious dose). The titers in the infected C. oxystoma were significantly higher than those in the other infected species. Viral RNA was detected from both midges testing positive and those testing negative for infectious Virus particles, but the viral RNA copies in the infectious Virus-negative midges were significantly lower than those in the infectious Virus-positive midges. Lower viral amplification, limited dissemination or both caused by tissue barriers might occur in infected midges from which infectious Viruses were undetectable. A fully disseminated infection was developed in orally infected C. oxystoma and C. tainanus. This finding indicates their capacity to transmit AKAV, assuming that salivary gland barriers have limited effects on viral entry to and replication in salivary gland tissue. This result also suggests that the other orally susceptible species are potentially competent for AKAV transmission and would be considered active vectors of its spread.
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transition of Akabane Virus genogroups and its association with changes in the nature of disease in japan
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Tohru Yanase, Makoto Yamakawa, Tomoko Kato, Yoko Hayama, M Akiyama, N Itoh, S Horiuchi, Y Hirashima, H Shirafuji, S TanakaAbstract:Akabane Virus (AKAV) is teratogenic to the foetus of domestic ruminants and causes a significant reproduction loss in cattle in Japan. In several past epizootics in cattle, AKAV was also associated with post-natal encephalomyelitis, mainly in calves and young stock. Previously analysed AKAV isolates in East Asia form two major clusters, genogroups I and II, with isolates involved in encephalomyelitis belonging mainly to the former. Between 2007 and 2013, AKAV epizootics were regularly observed in Japan during the summer/autumn season, and abnormal deliveries and post-natal encephalomyelitis caused by the Virus in cattle were reported. During this period, 30 AKAV isolates were obtained from diseased and sentinel cattle, a piglet and Culicoides biting midges throughout Japan and were subjected to genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis with previous isolates. In 2007, 2011 and 2013, AKAV belonging to genogroup I was identified in the central nervous systems of calves showing neurological disorders. Notably, a total of 165 cases of bovine encephalomyelitis were reported in 2011 and the isolated Viruses from affected animals shared high genetic identities with a South Korean isolate that was associated with a large outbreak in 2010, suggesting some epidemiological linkage between these epizootics. Epizootics of genogroup II were observed in 2008 and 2010, but bovine post-natal encephalomyelitis cases rarely occurred. Our findings suggest that the frequent incursion of genogroup I isolates has increased the frequency of post-natal encephalomyelitis cases in Japan in recent years. Infection by genogroup I Virus was also identified in piglets with neurological disorders or congenital malformations in 2011 and 2013. The aetiological role of AKAV in pigs should be elucidated in the future.
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molecular characterization of an Akabane Virus isolate from west java indonesia
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2017Co-Authors: Suryo Purnomo Edi, Tohru Yanase, Tomoko Kato, Afif Ibrahim, Rinto Sukoco, Lukman Bunali, Masaji Taguchi, Hiroaki ShirafujiAbstract:We isolated an arboVirus from bovine blood in Indonesia. The arboVirus was obtained from the plasma of a cow showing no clinical symptoms in West Java in February 2014, and was identified as Akabane Virus (AKAV) by AKAV-specific RT-PCR and subsequent sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial S segment indicated the AKAV isolate, WJ-1SA/P/2014, was most closely related with two isolates from Israel and Turkey reported in 2001 and 2015, respectively, and that WJ-1SA/P/2014 isolate belongs to AKAV genogroup Ib. This is the first isolation of AKAV from Indonesia.
Tomoko Kato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oral susceptibility of japanese culicoides diptera ceratopogonidae species to Akabane Virus
Journal of Medical Entomology, 2019Co-Authors: Tohru Yanase, Makoto Yamakawa, Tomoko Kato, Hiroaki Shirafuji, Yoko Hayama, Shogo TanakaAbstract:To test their Virus susceptibility and capacity as transmission vectors, Japanese Culicoides species were artificially fed a mixture of Akabane Virus (AKAV) and bovine blood, and Virus recovery was attempted from infected midges 9-11 d post-exposure. Culicoides tainanus, C. punctatus, C. humeralis, C. jacobsoni, C. oxystoma, and C. asiana were found to be orally susceptible to AKAV. Virus titers in single infected midges of C. tainanus, C. oxystoma, C. punctatus, and C. jacobsoni ranged from 100.75 to 104.0 TCID50 (tissue culture infectious dose). The titers in the infected C. oxystoma were significantly higher than those in the other infected species. Viral RNA was detected from both midges testing positive and those testing negative for infectious Virus particles, but the viral RNA copies in the infectious Virus-negative midges were significantly lower than those in the infectious Virus-positive midges. Lower viral amplification, limited dissemination or both caused by tissue barriers might occur in infected midges from which infectious Viruses were undetectable. A fully disseminated infection was developed in orally infected C. oxystoma and C. tainanus. This finding indicates their capacity to transmit AKAV, assuming that salivary gland barriers have limited effects on viral entry to and replication in salivary gland tissue. This result also suggests that the other orally susceptible species are potentially competent for AKAV transmission and would be considered active vectors of its spread.
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transition of Akabane Virus genogroups and its association with changes in the nature of disease in japan
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Tohru Yanase, Makoto Yamakawa, Tomoko Kato, Yoko Hayama, M Akiyama, N Itoh, S Horiuchi, Y Hirashima, H Shirafuji, S TanakaAbstract:Akabane Virus (AKAV) is teratogenic to the foetus of domestic ruminants and causes a significant reproduction loss in cattle in Japan. In several past epizootics in cattle, AKAV was also associated with post-natal encephalomyelitis, mainly in calves and young stock. Previously analysed AKAV isolates in East Asia form two major clusters, genogroups I and II, with isolates involved in encephalomyelitis belonging mainly to the former. Between 2007 and 2013, AKAV epizootics were regularly observed in Japan during the summer/autumn season, and abnormal deliveries and post-natal encephalomyelitis caused by the Virus in cattle were reported. During this period, 30 AKAV isolates were obtained from diseased and sentinel cattle, a piglet and Culicoides biting midges throughout Japan and were subjected to genetic comparison and phylogenetic analysis with previous isolates. In 2007, 2011 and 2013, AKAV belonging to genogroup I was identified in the central nervous systems of calves showing neurological disorders. Notably, a total of 165 cases of bovine encephalomyelitis were reported in 2011 and the isolated Viruses from affected animals shared high genetic identities with a South Korean isolate that was associated with a large outbreak in 2010, suggesting some epidemiological linkage between these epizootics. Epizootics of genogroup II were observed in 2008 and 2010, but bovine post-natal encephalomyelitis cases rarely occurred. Our findings suggest that the frequent incursion of genogroup I isolates has increased the frequency of post-natal encephalomyelitis cases in Japan in recent years. Infection by genogroup I Virus was also identified in piglets with neurological disorders or congenital malformations in 2011 and 2013. The aetiological role of AKAV in pigs should be elucidated in the future.
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molecular characterization of an Akabane Virus isolate from west java indonesia
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, 2017Co-Authors: Suryo Purnomo Edi, Tohru Yanase, Tomoko Kato, Afif Ibrahim, Rinto Sukoco, Lukman Bunali, Masaji Taguchi, Hiroaki ShirafujiAbstract:We isolated an arboVirus from bovine blood in Indonesia. The arboVirus was obtained from the plasma of a cow showing no clinical symptoms in West Java in February 2014, and was identified as Akabane Virus (AKAV) by AKAV-specific RT-PCR and subsequent sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on partial S segment indicated the AKAV isolate, WJ-1SA/P/2014, was most closely related with two isolates from Israel and Turkey reported in 2001 and 2015, respectively, and that WJ-1SA/P/2014 isolate belongs to AKAV genogroup Ib. This is the first isolation of AKAV from Indonesia.
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bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane Virus in southern japan
BMC Veterinary Research, 2008Co-Authors: Ryota Kono, Miki Hirata, Masaya Kaji, Yukitoshi Goto, Shogo Ikeda, Tohru Yanase, Tomoko Kato, Shogo Tanaka, Toshiyuki Tsutsui, Tadao ImadaAbstract:Akabane Virus is a member of the genus OrthobunyaVirus in the family Bunyaviridae. It is transmitted by hematophagous arthropod vectors such as Culicoides biting midges and is widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the world. The Virus is well known as a teratogenic pathogen which causes abortions, stillbirths, premature births and congenital abnormalities with arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in cattle, sheep and goats. On the other hand, it is reported that the Virus rarely induces encephalomyelitis in cattle by postnatal infection. A first large-scale epidemic of Akabane viral encephalomyelitis in cattle occurred in the southern part of Japan from summer to autumn in 2006. The aim of this study is to define the epidemiological, pathological and virological properties of the disease. Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis was observed in cattle that showed neurological symptoms such as astasia, ataxia, opisthotonus and hypersensitivity in beef and dairy farms by histopathological analysis. Akabane viral antigen and genome were consistently detected from the central nervous system of these animals, and the Virus was isolated not only from them but also from the blood samples of clinically healthy calves in the epidemic area. The isolates were classified into genogroup I a containing the Iriki strain, which caused encephalitis of calves almost twenty years ago in Japan. Most of the affected cattle possessed the neutralizing antibody against Akabane Virus. Seroconversion of the cohabitated and sentinel cattle in the epidemic area was also confirmed during an outbreak of the disease. The ecological and epidemiological data we have obtained so far demonstrated that the Akabane Virus is not endemic in Japan. No evidence of Akabane Virus circulation was observed in 2005 through nation-wide serological surveillance, suggesting that a new strain belonging to genogroup I a invaded southern Japan from overseas in the summer of 2006 and caused an unprecedented epizootic of encephalomyelitis mainly in susceptible calves. It will be necessary to reconsider the vaccine strategy to control the disease effectually.
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Bovine epizootic encephalomyelitis caused by Akabane Virus in southern Japan
BMC Veterinary Research, 2008Co-Authors: Ryota Kono, Miki Hirata, Masaya Kaji, Yukitoshi Goto, Shogo Ikeda, Tohru Yanase, Tomoko Kato, Shogo Tanaka, Toshiyuki Tsutsui, Tadao ImadaAbstract:Background Akabane Virus is a member of the genus OrthobunyaVirus in the family Bunyaviridae . It is transmitted by hematophagous arthropod vectors such as Culicoides biting midges and is widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the world. The Virus is well known as a teratogenic pathogen which causes abortions, stillbirths, premature births and congenital abnormalities with arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome in cattle, sheep and goats. On the other hand, it is reported that the Virus rarely induces encephalomyelitis in cattle by postnatal infection. A first large-scale epidemic of Akabane viral encephalomyelitis in cattle occurred in the southern part of Japan from summer to autumn in 2006. The aim of this study is to define the epidemiological, pathological and virological properties of the disease. Results Nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis was observed in cattle that showed neurological symptoms such as astasia, ataxia, opisthotonus and hypersensitivity in beef and dairy farms by histopathological analysis. Akabane viral antigen and genome were consistently detected from the central nervous system of these animals, and the Virus was isolated not only from them but also from the blood samples of clinically healthy calves in the epidemic area. The isolates were classified into genogroup I a containing the Iriki strain, which caused encephalitis of calves almost twenty years ago in Japan. Most of the affected cattle possessed the neutralizing antibody against Akabane Virus. Seroconversion of the cohabitated and sentinel cattle in the epidemic area was also confirmed during an outbreak of the disease. Conclusion The ecological and epidemiological data we have obtained so far demonstrated that the Akabane Virus is not endemic in Japan. No evidence of Akabane Virus circulation was observed in 2005 through nation-wide serological surveillance, suggesting that a new strain belonging to genogroup I a invaded southern Japan from overseas in the summer of 2006 and caused an unprecedented epizootic of encephalomyelitis mainly in susceptible calves. It will be necessary to reconsider the vaccine strategy to control the disease effectually.
Martin Beer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Akabane Virus and schmallenberg Virus
2019Co-Authors: Martin Beer, Kerstin WernikeAbstract:Abstract Akabane Virus and Schmallenberg Virus are closely related Viruses of the genus OrthobunyaVirus and infect predominantly ruminants. They are able to cross the placenta and cause abortion, premature birth or severe fetal malformation (arthrogryposis-hydranencephaly syndrome), when naive pregnant animals are infected during a critical phase of gestation. Akabane Virus circulates in Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and Australia, while Schmallenberg Virus is endemic on the European continent. Both Viruses are transmitted between their mammalian hosts by biting midges of the genus Culicoides. For disease prevention, inactivated Akabane and Schmallenberg vaccines are commercially available.
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Evaluating the protective efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing Akabane Virus, Aino Virus and Chuzan Virus against Schmallenberg Virus infection
Veterinary Research, 2013Co-Authors: Silke Hechinger, Kerstin Wernike, Martin BeerAbstract:Schmallenberg Virus (SBV), an arthropod borne pathogen, spread rapidly throughout the majority of Europe since 2011. It can cause a febrile disease, milk drop, diarrhea, and fetal malformation in ruminants. SBV, a member of the Simbu serogroup within the genus OrthobunyaVirus , is closely related to Akabane Virus (AKAV) and Aino Virus (AINOV) among others. In the present study, 4 Holstein-Friesian calves were immunized twice four weeks apart with a multivalent, inactivated vaccine against AKAV and AINOV. Another 4 calves were kept as unvaccinated controls. All animals were clinically, serologically and virologically examined before and after challenge infection with SBV. AKAV- and AINOV-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected one week before challenge infection, while SBV-specific antibodies were detectable only thereafter. SBV genome was detected in all vaccinated animals and 3 out of 4 controls in serum samples taken after challenge infection. In conclusion, the investigated vaccine was not able to prevent an SBV-infection. Thus, vaccines for other related Simbu serogroup Viruses can not substitute SBV-specific vaccines as an instrument for disease control.
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schmallenberg Virus a novel orthobunyaVirus emerging in europe
Epidemiology and Infection, 2013Co-Authors: Martin Beer, Franz Josef Conraths, W.h.m. Van Der PoelAbstract:In 2011, a novel orthobunyaVirus of the Simbu serogroup, the Schmallenberg Virus (SBV), was discovered using a metagenomic approach. SBV caused a large epidemic in Europe in ruminants. As with related Viruses such as Akabane Virus, it appears to be transmitted by biting midges. Transplacental infection often results in the birth of malformed calves, lambs and goat kids. In more than 5000 farms in Germany, The Netherlands, Belgium, France, UK, Italy, Spain, Luxembourg, Denmark and Switzerland acute infections of adult ruminants or malformed SBV-positive offspring were detected, and high seroprevalences were seen in adult ruminants in the core regions in The Netherlands, Germany and Belgium. The discovery of SBV, the spread of the epidemic, the role of vectors, the impact on livestock, public health issues, SBV diagnosis and measures taken are described in this review. Lessons to be learned from the Schmallenberg Virus epidemic and the consequences for future outbreaks are discussed.
Hailin Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterization and analyses of the full length genome of a strain of the Akabane Virus isolated from mosquitoes in yunnan province china
Chinese journal of virology, 2016Co-Authors: Yun Feng, Weihong Yang, Yuzhen Zhang, Hailin ZhangAbstract:We wished to sequence the full-length genomes of the DHL10M110 strain of the Akabane Virus (AKV) isolated from mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China, in 2010. We also wished to analyze the characteristics of these complete nucleotide sequences. The complete genomic sequence of the DHL10M110 strain from Yunnan Province was obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. We found that the length of the L, M and S gene nucleotide sequences of the DHL10M110 strain were 6 869-bp, 4 309-bp and 856-bp, respectively, including the open reading frame (ORF) nucleotide sequences of 6 756-bp (L), 4 206-bp (M) and 702-bp (S), encoding 2252, 1402 and 234 amino-acid polyproteins, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on L-fragment ORF showed that the DHL10M110 strain had a close relationship with the OBE-1 strain of the AKV from Japan and AKVS-7/SKR/2010 strain of the AKV from South Korea. Phylogenetic analyses based on M- and S-fragment ORF showed that the DHL10M110 strain had a close relationship with the epidemic strains of the AKV from Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, but that the DHL10M110 strain had a lone evolutionary branch. In terms of nucleotide (amino acid) homology, the similarity of L-, M- and S-fragment ORFs of the DHL10M110 strain to the OBE-1 strain from Japan was 92.6% (98%), 88.5% (94%) and 96.4% (99.1%), respectively. When comparing the DHL10M110 strain with the OBE-1 strain, we noted 45, 84, and 2 different sites in the amino acids of L, M and S fragments, respectively. Homology and phylogenetic analyses also suggested that the DHL10M110 strain had a distant relationship with the epidemic strains of the AKV from Kenya and Australia. Also, we confirmed by complete genomic sequence analyses that the DHL10M110 strain was clade-Asia of the AKV. However, differences between the DHL10M110 strain compared with strains from Japan and South Korea were also noted. These results suggest that the DHL10M110 strain harbored relatively stable genetic characteristics and distinct regional features. This is the first time that full-length genomic sequences of the DHL10M110 strain of the AKV in mainland China have been obtained.
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isolation and identification of the Akabane Virus from mosquitoes in yunnan province china
Chinese journal of virology, 2015Co-Authors: Yun Feng, Weihong Yang, Yuzhen Zhang, Guodong Liang, Hailin ZhangAbstract:To evaluate the prevalence of mosquito-borne Viruses in Manshi and Ruili (Yunnan Province, China), we collected 2 149 mosquitoes (17 species) in August 2010. Virus isolation was undertaken by the cul- ture of baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21 cells). Two Virus-like isolates were obtained: DHL10M117 was isolated from collected in Mangshi; DHL10M110 was obtained from Anopheles vagus collected in Rui- li. Both isolates caused cytopathic effects,illness and death in suckling mice inoculated with these isolates via the intracerebral route. Two positive amplicons, 702-bp from the S segment and 456-bp from the M segment,were obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the Akabane Virus (AKV). Phylogenetic analysis suggested that these two Virus stains had a distant relation- ship with AKVs from Kenya and Australia,but were genetically close to those from Japan,South Korea, and Taiwan. However,they were separate from other Asian strains and grouped into a small branch. The highest nucleotide and amino-acid sequence identity of the S segment was found with the CY-77 strain from Taiwan (96.6% and 99.6% for DHL10M117 and 96.7% and 100% for DHL10M110,respectively). Com- parison of the M segment showed they shared the highest amino acid identity with CY-77 (99.6% and 100%, respectively), whereas the highest nucleotide identity was found with the Iriki strain from Japan (99.6% and 100%, respectively). Compared with the MP496 strain from Kenya,they displayed lower lev- els of sequence homology, at 69.7% and 70.0% for nucleotide sequences of the two loci,and 91. 0% for a- mino acids. Our results identified that DHL10M117 and DHL10M110 were strains of AKV,and provided molecular biological evidence for the existence of AKV in Yunnan Province. These AKV strains that are circulating in Yunnan Province share a close genetic relationship with strains from the rest of Asia. Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles vagus may serve as transmission vectors.