The Experts below are selected from a list of 151143 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthias Niedrig - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review: Sentinels of tick-borne encephalitis risk
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Maren Imhoff, Peter Hagedorn, Yesica Schulze, Wiebke Hellenbrand, Martin Pfeffer, Matthias NiedrigAbstract:Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral zoonotic disease endemic in many regions of Eurasia. The definition of TBE risk areas is complicated by the focal nature of the TBE virus transmission. Furthermore, vaccination may reduce case numbers and thus mask infection risk to unvaccinated persons. Therefore, additional risk indicators are sought to complement the current risk assessment solely based on human incidence. We reviewed studies published over the past ten years investigating potential new Sentinels of TBE risk to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the various Sentinel animal surveys and surrogate indicator methods. Virus prevalence in questing ticks is an unsuitable indicator of TBE infection risk as viral RNA is rarely detected even in large sample sizes collected at known TBE endemic areas. Seroprevalence in domestic animals, on the other hand, showed good spatial correlation with TBE incidence in humans and might also uncover presently unknown TBEV foci.
Roger Hewson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tick borne encephalitis virus united kingdom
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Maya Holding, Steven T Pullan, Richard Vipond, Mara S Rocchi, Stuart D. Dowall, Jolyon M. Medlock, Daniel Carter, Matthew Baylis, James Lewis, Roger HewsonAbstract:During February 2018-January 2019, we conducted large-scale surveillance for the presence and prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping ill virus (LIV) in Sentinel animals and ticks in the United Kingdom. Serum was collected from 1,309 deer culled across England and Scotland. Overall, 4% of samples were ELISA-positive for the TBEV serocomplex. A focus in the Thetford Forest area had the highest proportion (47.7%) of seropositive samples. Ticks collected from culled deer within seropositive regions were tested for viral RNA; 5 of 2,041 ticks tested positive by LIV/TBEV real-time reverse transcription PCR, all from within the Thetford Forest area. From 1 tick, we identified a full-length genomic sequence of TBEV. Thus, using deer as Sentinels revealed a potential TBEV focus in the United Kingdom. This detection of TBEV genomic sequence in UK ticks has important public health implications, especially for undiagnosed encephalitis.
Nicholas Komar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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West Nile virus surveillance using Sentinel birds.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Nicholas KomarAbstract:: Captive and free-ranging birds have been used for decades as living Sentinels in arbovirus surveillance programs. This review summarizes information relevant to selecting Sentinel bird species for use in surveillance of West Nile (WN) virus. Although experience using avian Sentinels for WN virus surveillance is limited, Sentinels should be useful for both detecting and monitoring WN virus transmission; however, Sentinel bird surveillance systems have yet to be adequately tested for use with the North American strain of WN virus. Captive chickens are typically used for arbovirus surveillance, but other captive species may be used as well. Serosurvey and experimental infection data suggest that both chickens and pigeons show promise as useful captive Sentinels; both species were naturally exposed during the epizootics in New York City, 1999-2000, and both species develop antibodies after infection without becoming highly infectious to Culex pipiens vectors. Wild bird species that should be targeted for use as free-ranging Sentinels include house sparrows and pigeons. The ideal wild bird should be determined locally on the basis of seroprevalence studies. Interpreting serological data generated from studies using free-ranging Sentinel birds is complex, however. Sentinel bird monitoring sites should be selected in enzootic transmission foci. Several years of observation may be required for selection of effective Sentinel monitoring sites.
Maren Imhoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review: Sentinels of tick-borne encephalitis risk
Ticks and Tick-borne Diseases, 2015Co-Authors: Maren Imhoff, Peter Hagedorn, Yesica Schulze, Wiebke Hellenbrand, Martin Pfeffer, Matthias NiedrigAbstract:Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral zoonotic disease endemic in many regions of Eurasia. The definition of TBE risk areas is complicated by the focal nature of the TBE virus transmission. Furthermore, vaccination may reduce case numbers and thus mask infection risk to unvaccinated persons. Therefore, additional risk indicators are sought to complement the current risk assessment solely based on human incidence. We reviewed studies published over the past ten years investigating potential new Sentinels of TBE risk to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the various Sentinel animal surveys and surrogate indicator methods. Virus prevalence in questing ticks is an unsuitable indicator of TBE infection risk as viral RNA is rarely detected even in large sample sizes collected at known TBE endemic areas. Seroprevalence in domestic animals, on the other hand, showed good spatial correlation with TBE incidence in humans and might also uncover presently unknown TBEV foci.
Maya Holding - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tick borne encephalitis virus united kingdom
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2020Co-Authors: Maya Holding, Steven T Pullan, Richard Vipond, Mara S Rocchi, Stuart D. Dowall, Jolyon M. Medlock, Daniel Carter, Matthew Baylis, James Lewis, Roger HewsonAbstract:During February 2018-January 2019, we conducted large-scale surveillance for the presence and prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and louping ill virus (LIV) in Sentinel animals and ticks in the United Kingdom. Serum was collected from 1,309 deer culled across England and Scotland. Overall, 4% of samples were ELISA-positive for the TBEV serocomplex. A focus in the Thetford Forest area had the highest proportion (47.7%) of seropositive samples. Ticks collected from culled deer within seropositive regions were tested for viral RNA; 5 of 2,041 ticks tested positive by LIV/TBEV real-time reverse transcription PCR, all from within the Thetford Forest area. From 1 tick, we identified a full-length genomic sequence of TBEV. Thus, using deer as Sentinels revealed a potential TBEV focus in the United Kingdom. This detection of TBEV genomic sequence in UK ticks has important public health implications, especially for undiagnosed encephalitis.
