The Experts below are selected from a list of 24 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ralph I. Horwitz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk for Delirium Tremens in Patients with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Substance Abuse, 2002Co-Authors: David A. Fiellin, Patrick G. O'connor, Eric S. Holmboe, Ralph I. HorwitzAbstract:To determine the characteristics associated with an increased risk for delirium tremens (DT) we performed a case-control study at the detoxification units of two hospitals. Cases met DSM-IV criteria for DT. For each case ( n = 15), 3 controls ( n = 45) were chosen. Eligibility criteria were applied equally to cases and controls. Cases were more likely than controls to report a prior complicated Withdrawal (DT or Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure) (53 vs. 27%, OR 3.1, 95% CI 0.94–10.55), have a systolic blood pressure greater than 145 mm Hg on admission (60 vs. 27%, OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.21–14.06), and have comorbidity scores of at least 1 (60 vs. 18%, OR 6.9, 95% CI 1.92–25.08). Zero cases (0%) and 15 (33%) controls had no prior complicated Withdrawals and no adverse clinical features (systolic blood pressure >145 or comorbidity score >1). Compared to this group, the odds of being a case and having both prior complicated Withdrawal and at least 1 adverse clinical feature was 44.8 (95% CI 4.36–460). Elevated blood pressure, prior complicated Alcohol Withdrawal and medical comorbidity, alone and in combination, are associated with an increased risk of delirium tremens.
Claudette Boni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the a9 allele of the dopamine transporter gene is associated with delirium tremens and Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure
Biological Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Philip Gorwood, Rederic F Limosin, Philippe Batel, Michel Hamon, Jean Ades, Claudette BoniAbstract:Abstract Background The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a key role in homeostatic regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission and could thus be involved in the variability of two severe Alcohol-Withdrawal symptoms, Alcohol-Withdrawal Seizure (AWS) and delirium tremens (DT). Interestingly, an association was found between the DAT gene (9-copy repeat) and the risk for these symptoms in two previous case-control studies. Methods We reanalyzed the role of the DAT gene in the lifetime risk for AWS and DT in 120 Alcohol-dependent patients, taking into account potentially confounding factors. Results Alcohol-dependent patients with the A 9 allele had experienced AWS or DT at least once (odds ratio [OR] = 2.52, p = .03). This association persisted when excluding patients with antisocial personality comorbidity (OR = 3.48, p = .02) or limiting the analysis to older patients (OR = 8.3, p = .0008). Conclusions This study provides convergent data in favor of a significant role of the DAT gene in the risk for some severe Withdrawal symptoms. If further replicated in larger samples, the DAT genetic polymorphism could be one of the factors to be analyzed to further assess the risk of some severe Alcohol-Withdrawal symptoms.
David A. Fiellin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risk for Delirium Tremens in Patients with Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
Substance Abuse, 2002Co-Authors: David A. Fiellin, Patrick G. O'connor, Eric S. Holmboe, Ralph I. HorwitzAbstract:To determine the characteristics associated with an increased risk for delirium tremens (DT) we performed a case-control study at the detoxification units of two hospitals. Cases met DSM-IV criteria for DT. For each case ( n = 15), 3 controls ( n = 45) were chosen. Eligibility criteria were applied equally to cases and controls. Cases were more likely than controls to report a prior complicated Withdrawal (DT or Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure) (53 vs. 27%, OR 3.1, 95% CI 0.94–10.55), have a systolic blood pressure greater than 145 mm Hg on admission (60 vs. 27%, OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.21–14.06), and have comorbidity scores of at least 1 (60 vs. 18%, OR 6.9, 95% CI 1.92–25.08). Zero cases (0%) and 15 (33%) controls had no prior complicated Withdrawals and no adverse clinical features (systolic blood pressure >145 or comorbidity score >1). Compared to this group, the odds of being a case and having both prior complicated Withdrawal and at least 1 adverse clinical feature was 44.8 (95% CI 4.36–460). Elevated blood pressure, prior complicated Alcohol Withdrawal and medical comorbidity, alone and in combination, are associated with an increased risk of delirium tremens.
John C Crabbe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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anxiety and sensitivity to ethanol and pentobarbital in Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure prone and Withdrawal Seizure resistant mice
Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2000Co-Authors: Alison L Atkins, Nathan R Rustay, John C CrabbeAbstract:Background: Withdrawal Seizure-Prone (WSP) and Withdrawal Seizure-Resistant (WSR) mice were selectively bred for high and low handling-induced convulsions, respectively, after chronic ethanol treatment. Withdrawal severity is one factor that may contribute to the development of Alcoholism and/or substance abuse, and anxiety is another. We sought to explore whether these factors are genetically related. Methods: WSP and WSR mice of two replicate pairs of selected lines were tested for anxiety-related behaviors on the canopy stretched-attend-posture apparatus 20 min after intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (2 g/kg, 20% v/v), pentobarbital (20 mg/kg), or an equivalent volume of saline. Dependent measures of anxiety included number of stretched attend postures (SAP) and time spent in the exposed area of the apparatus. Number of line crossings, which measures overall activity, was also scored. Results: WSP mice given saline exhibited more SAP than WSR mice given saline, which indicated greater baseline anxiety. Ethanol and pentobarbital both reduced SAP and increased time spent in the exposed area of the apparatus, which indicated that both drugs exerted an anxiolytic effect. Despite baseline differences in SAP between selected lines, both anxiolytic drugs reduced SAP to similar levels in WSP and WSR mice. Conclusions: These results support the hypothesis that WSP mice are more sensitive than WSR mice to the anxiety-reducing effects of ethanol and pentobarbital. Some genes that influence this difference are likely to be the same as those that influence ethanol Withdrawal severity. Thus, higher basal anxiety and greater genetic sensitivity to anxiolytic drug effects may relate to a greater genetic predisposition to the development of severe Alcohol Withdrawal signs.
Philip Gorwood - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the a9 allele of the dopamine transporter gene is associated with delirium tremens and Alcohol Withdrawal Seizure
Biological Psychiatry, 2003Co-Authors: Philip Gorwood, Rederic F Limosin, Philippe Batel, Michel Hamon, Jean Ades, Claudette BoniAbstract:Abstract Background The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a key role in homeostatic regulation of dopaminergic neurotransmission and could thus be involved in the variability of two severe Alcohol-Withdrawal symptoms, Alcohol-Withdrawal Seizure (AWS) and delirium tremens (DT). Interestingly, an association was found between the DAT gene (9-copy repeat) and the risk for these symptoms in two previous case-control studies. Methods We reanalyzed the role of the DAT gene in the lifetime risk for AWS and DT in 120 Alcohol-dependent patients, taking into account potentially confounding factors. Results Alcohol-dependent patients with the A 9 allele had experienced AWS or DT at least once (odds ratio [OR] = 2.52, p = .03). This association persisted when excluding patients with antisocial personality comorbidity (OR = 3.48, p = .02) or limiting the analysis to older patients (OR = 8.3, p = .0008). Conclusions This study provides convergent data in favor of a significant role of the DAT gene in the risk for some severe Withdrawal symptoms. If further replicated in larger samples, the DAT genetic polymorphism could be one of the factors to be analyzed to further assess the risk of some severe Alcohol-Withdrawal symptoms.