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Gamze Guclu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The usage of novel acrylic-modified water-reducible Alkyd resin obtained from post-consumer PET bottles in water-based paint formulation
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2019Co-Authors: Özge Naz Büyükyonga, Işıl Acar, Nagihan Akgün, Gamze GucluAbstract:Glycolysis reactions of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flakes obtained from post-consumer water bottles were carried out at 220–250 °C using diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and triethylene glycol, and molar ratios of PET/glycol in the glycolysis reactions were chosen to be 1/3. The obtained glycolysis products were used in the synthesis of medium-oil acrylic-modified water-reducible Alkyd Resins. Acrylic modification was carried out using methacrylic acid–maleic acid copolymer synthesized in our laboratory. The structure of the acrylic copolymer was investigated with FTIR analysis. Films of the modified Alkyd Resins were prepared and their physical and chemical surface coating properties were investigated. When surface coating test results were evaluated, it was observed that waste PET had no adverse effect on these properties of acrylic-modified water-reducible Alkyd Resins. Then, two water-based paints were prepared using PET-based acrylic-modified water-reducible Alkyd resin and reference acrylic-modified water-reducible Alkyd resin as binder. Wet paint properties and physical/chemical dry film properties of paints were determined. When the physical surface coating test results were evaluated, no difference was observed between the properties of both paints. If we evaluate the results of chemical surface coating properties, the hot water and alkali resistance of waste PET-based paint was considerably higher than the reference resin.
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Synthesis and film properties of long oil Alkyd resin/organo clay nanocomposite coatings
Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2015Co-Authors: Müzeyyen Tahmaz, Işıl Acar, Gamze GucluAbstract:This study deals with the synthesis and investigation of the surface-coating properties of nanocomposite long oil Alkyd Resins which contain different ratios of organo clay. The aim is to investigate the effects of organo clay addition on the surface-coating properties of the Alkyd Resins. For this purpose, organo clay-modified long oil Alkyd Resins were synthesized by an in situ polymerization method. Alkyd Resins were formulated to have an oil content of 60 % using a K Alkyd constant system. The obtained nanocomposite Alkyd Resins were diluted with xylene of 60 % solid content, and films were prepared using 50-μm applicators from these solutions. After the nanocomposite Alkyd resin films had been dried at room temperature for 72 h, physical and chemical surface-coating properties and thermal oxidative degradations were investigated. In addition, surface morphology analyses of nanocomposite Alkyd resin films were also performed by scanning electron microscope. Incorporation of organo clay into Alkyd resin structure has significantly improved physical and chemical film properties and thermal stabilities of Alkyd Resins. As a result, long oil Alkyd Resins containing organo clay are suitable for manufacturing surface-coating binders.
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a novel type of organo clay containing Alkyd melamine formaldehyde Resins
International Journal of Polymeric Materials, 2013Co-Authors: Işıl Acar, Tulin Banu Iyim, Gamze GucluAbstract:In this study, organo clay-modified Alkyd Resins were synthesized and these modified Alkyd Resins were cured with different ratios of melamine formaldehyde resin for the first time. Alkyd Resins were blended with 30% and 40% of a commercial melamine-formaldehyde resin. Alkyd-melamine formaldehyde resin films were cured at 140°C for 2 h in an oven. The effect of organo clay addition on the physical and chemical film properties was investigated. These surface coating properties of the Resins enhanced with amount of organo clay up to 2–3%. These Resins are suitable for manufacturing of high-performance industrial baking enamels.
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investigation of the effect of hydrolysis products of postconsumer polyethylene terephthalate bottles on the properties of Alkyd Resins
Polymer Engineering and Science, 2013Co-Authors: O Tuna, Gamze GucluAbstract:Hydrolysis of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flakes obtained from grinding postconsumer bottles was carried out at 200–230°C and molar ratios of PET/H2O were taken as 1/5; 1/10; 1/20. The reaction products, when extracted with boiling water, yielded a water soluble crystallizable fraction (WSCF) and a water insoluble fraction (WIF). These fractions were characterized by acid and hydroxyl value determinations and DSC analysis. WSCF and WIF were used for preparation of Alkyd Resins. Five long oil Alkyd Resins were prepared from phthalic anhydride (PA) (reference Alkyd resin) or hydrolysis products of the waste PET (PET-based Alkyd resin), pentaerithrithol (PE), soybean oil fatty acid (SOFA), and ethylene glycol (EG). Film properties and thermal degradation stabilities of these Alkyd Resins were investigated. Drying time, hardness, alkaline resistance, and thermal oxidative degradation resistance of the PET-based Alkyd Resins are better than these properties of reference resin. The results show that hydrolysis products of waste PET obtained from postconsumer bottles are suitable for manufacturing of Alkyd Resins. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
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effects of organo clay on film properties of Alkyd phenol formaldehyde Resins
Pigment & Resin Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Işıl Acar, Gamze Guclu, Tulin Banu IyimAbstract:Purpose – In this study, organo clay modified Alkyd Resins were synthesised and these modified Alkyd Resins were cured with different ratios of phenol formaldehyde resin. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the films and thermal behaviours of the Resins.Design/methodology/approach – Alkyds formulated to have an oil content of 40 percent were prepared with phthalic anhydride (PA), glycerine (G), coconut oil fatty acid (COFA), dipropylene glycol (DPG) and organo clay. “K Alkyd constant system” was used for the formulation calculations of the Alkyd Resins. Alkyd Resins were blended with 30 percent of a phenol–formaldehyde. The films of the Alkyd–phenol formaldehyde (A‐PF) Resins were prepared from 60 percent solid content xylene solutions by using 50 μm applicators. After the films were cured at 150°C for 2 h in an oven, properties of the films were determined.Findings – The effect of organo clay addition on the film properties such as drying degree, hardness, ...
Edwin A Murillo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comb shaped silicone Alkyd Resins with high solid content
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2017Co-Authors: Maria C Mejia, Juliana Palacio, Edwin A MurilloAbstract:Abstract An unique com-shaped silicone-Alkyd Resins (SiAR) were synthesized with high solid content (65 wt%) prepared from an Alkyd resin (AR) and a varying weight% (5, 10, 15, 20) of silicone moiety (Z-6018) by etherification reaction. The viscosity and the hydroxyl value (OHV) of the SiAR were found to be higher than those of the AR. The formation of the SiAR was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analysis. The glass transition temperature (T g ), thermal stability, and molecular weight of the SiAR, increased with increasing the silicone content and compared with those of the AR. The results of chemical resistance showed that the SiAR exhibited a better resistance than AR against 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution.
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styrene hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer based Alkyd Resins with a comb type structural morphology obtained with a high solid content
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2016Co-Authors: Maria C Mejia, Edwin A MurilloAbstract:Nowadays, so many studies are being carried out with the goal of obtaining environmentally friendly materials. In this study, styrene–hydroxyethyl acrylate copolymer (St-co-HEA) based Alkyd Resins with high solid contents and comb-type structural morphologies were synthesized from St-co-HEA and macromonomers [MMs; dimethylol propionic acid modified with different proportions of tall oil fatty acids (TOFAs)]. The molar mass and gloss values of St-co-HEA were lower than those of the Alkyd Resins, but the thermal stability, viscosity, and glass-transition temperature exhibited the opposite behavior. In all cases, the conversion percentage was higher than 80 %. The hydroxyl value and viscosity of the Alkyd Resins decreased with the TOFA content present in the MMrs, but the molar mass and the thermal stability increased. The rheological behavior of these Resins was mainly pseudoplastic. Furthermore, the viscosity values were lower than 10 Pa s. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43996.
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hyperbranched phenolic Alkyd Resins with high solid content
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2015Co-Authors: Pedro P Vallejo, Betty L Lopez, Edwin A MurilloAbstract:Abstract Hyperbranched phenolic-Alkyd Resins (HPARs) with high solid content (70 wt%) were obtained in this study, with the aim of obtaining new environmentally friendly materials. The HPARs were synthesized from hyperbranched polyester polyol of fourth generation (HBP), phenol, and tall oil fatty acids (TOFA). In all cases the proportions of HBP (75.40 g) and TOFA (69.60 g) were kept constant, and those for the phenol were 10 (HPAR1 resin), 20 (HPAR2 resin) and 30 wt% (HPAR3 resin). The structural, rheological, thermal and film properties of the HPARs were evaluated and compared with those of a hyperbranched Alkyd resin (HBAR) obtained in our earlier work with the same proportion of HBP and TOFA employed in this study. The reaction between TOFA and phenol with the HBP was evidenced by acid value ( AV ), hydroxyl value ( OHV ) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The modification percentage of the HBP increased with the phenol content, which was higher than 60%. The conversion percentage of TOFA was higher than 90%. The molar mass of the HPARs determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was upper than that of the HBP. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the intensity distributions of the HPARs were monomodals except for the HPAR1 resin. HPARs gloss and hardness values increased with phenol content. Glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures, viscosity and hardness values were higher for HPARs than HBAR.
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novel waterborne hyperbranched acrylated maleinized Alkyd Resins
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2011Co-Authors: Edwin A Murillo, Betty L LopezAbstract:Abstract Different waterborne hyperbranched acrylated-maleinized Alkyd Resins (HBRAAM) were synthesized by modifying a hyperbranched Alkyd resin (HBRA) with three different butylmethacrylate–maleic anhydride copolymers (BMA–MA) in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The HBRAAM Resins were characterized by using infrared analysis, iodine value, hydroxyl value, vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), dynamic light scattering (DLS), acid value, rheological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, adhesion, flexibility, drying time, gloss, hardness and chemical resistance to solvents. The iodine value and hydroxyl value decreased with the amount of BMA–MA copolymer employed in the synthesis. Infrared analysis, VPO, and hydroxyl values allowed us to conclude that the reaction between HBRA Resins and BMA–MA copolymers occurred. The viscosity of the HBRAAM Resins was between 50.5 and 468 Pa s. All HBRAAM Resins presented good properties of adhesion, flexibility, drying time, gloss, hardness and chemical resistance.
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effect of tall oil fatty acids content on the properties of novel hyperbranched Alkyd Resins
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011Co-Authors: Edwin A Murillo, Pedro P Vallejo, Betty L LopezAbstract:Hyperbranched Alkyd Resins (HBRA) were synthesized by modification of hydroxylated hyper- branched polyester (HBP1-4) with tall oil fatty acids (TOFA). The core is a hydroxylated hyperbranched poly- ester of fourth generation with OH groups in the periph- ery (18), which is endcapped with tall oil fatty acids. The occurrence of these reactions, HBP1-4 and TOFA, was determined by making use of acid value, nuclear magnetic resonance, and hydroxyl values. The effects of TOFA and HBP1-4 on properties of the HBRA Resins were investigated by vapor pressure osmometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric anal- ysis, friction resistance, and hardness. The Resins with higher modification percentage (HBRA4) presented the best thermal and hydrolytic stability, but lower friction resistance and hardness. All HBRA Resins presented amorphous characteristics, OH groups, and double bonds in the periphery. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 3151-3158, 2011
Betty L Lopez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hyperbranched phenolic Alkyd Resins with high solid content
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2015Co-Authors: Pedro P Vallejo, Betty L Lopez, Edwin A MurilloAbstract:Abstract Hyperbranched phenolic-Alkyd Resins (HPARs) with high solid content (70 wt%) were obtained in this study, with the aim of obtaining new environmentally friendly materials. The HPARs were synthesized from hyperbranched polyester polyol of fourth generation (HBP), phenol, and tall oil fatty acids (TOFA). In all cases the proportions of HBP (75.40 g) and TOFA (69.60 g) were kept constant, and those for the phenol were 10 (HPAR1 resin), 20 (HPAR2 resin) and 30 wt% (HPAR3 resin). The structural, rheological, thermal and film properties of the HPARs were evaluated and compared with those of a hyperbranched Alkyd resin (HBAR) obtained in our earlier work with the same proportion of HBP and TOFA employed in this study. The reaction between TOFA and phenol with the HBP was evidenced by acid value ( AV ), hydroxyl value ( OHV ) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The modification percentage of the HBP increased with the phenol content, which was higher than 60%. The conversion percentage of TOFA was higher than 90%. The molar mass of the HPARs determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was upper than that of the HBP. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis showed that the intensity distributions of the HPARs were monomodals except for the HPAR1 resin. HPARs gloss and hardness values increased with phenol content. Glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures, viscosity and hardness values were higher for HPARs than HBAR.
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novel waterborne hyperbranched acrylated maleinized Alkyd Resins
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2011Co-Authors: Edwin A Murillo, Betty L LopezAbstract:Abstract Different waterborne hyperbranched acrylated-maleinized Alkyd Resins (HBRAAM) were synthesized by modifying a hyperbranched Alkyd resin (HBRA) with three different butylmethacrylate–maleic anhydride copolymers (BMA–MA) in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA). The HBRAAM Resins were characterized by using infrared analysis, iodine value, hydroxyl value, vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), dynamic light scattering (DLS), acid value, rheological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, adhesion, flexibility, drying time, gloss, hardness and chemical resistance to solvents. The iodine value and hydroxyl value decreased with the amount of BMA–MA copolymer employed in the synthesis. Infrared analysis, VPO, and hydroxyl values allowed us to conclude that the reaction between HBRA Resins and BMA–MA copolymers occurred. The viscosity of the HBRAAM Resins was between 50.5 and 468 Pa s. All HBRAAM Resins presented good properties of adhesion, flexibility, drying time, gloss, hardness and chemical resistance.
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effect of tall oil fatty acids content on the properties of novel hyperbranched Alkyd Resins
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2011Co-Authors: Edwin A Murillo, Pedro P Vallejo, Betty L LopezAbstract:Hyperbranched Alkyd Resins (HBRA) were synthesized by modification of hydroxylated hyper- branched polyester (HBP1-4) with tall oil fatty acids (TOFA). The core is a hydroxylated hyperbranched poly- ester of fourth generation with OH groups in the periph- ery (18), which is endcapped with tall oil fatty acids. The occurrence of these reactions, HBP1-4 and TOFA, was determined by making use of acid value, nuclear magnetic resonance, and hydroxyl values. The effects of TOFA and HBP1-4 on properties of the HBRA Resins were investigated by vapor pressure osmometry, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric anal- ysis, friction resistance, and hardness. The Resins with higher modification percentage (HBRA4) presented the best thermal and hydrolytic stability, but lower friction resistance and hardness. All HBRA Resins presented amorphous characteristics, OH groups, and double bonds in the periphery. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 120: 3151-3158, 2011
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synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched Alkyd Resins based on tall oil fatty acids
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2010Co-Authors: Edwin A Murillo, Pedro P Vallejo, Betty L LopezAbstract:Abstract Hyperbranched Alkyd Resins (HBRA) were synthesized from fourth generation hydroxylated hyperbranched polyester (HBP1–4) and tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) using acid catalysis. Different molar ratio of HBP1–4 and TOFA were used. Iodine values increased with the TOFA content. TOFA characteristic –HC CH– bonds were detected in the infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. Average molar mass number (Mn) and weight average molar mass (Mw) of the HBRA Resins were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The values increased with the TOFA content. The viscosity of the HBRA Resins was between 0.015 and 0.17 Pa s for 0.11 s −1 shear rate. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed that the hydrodynamic dimensions of the HBRA Resins are polydisperse. The HBRA Resins exhibited excellent adhesion, flexibility, drying time, gloss and chemical resistance.
F E Okieimen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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enhancing the quality of Alkyd Resins using methyl esters of rubber seed oil
Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2007Co-Authors: E U Ikhuoria, Aireguamen I Aigbodion, F E OkieimenAbstract:Purpose: Alkyd Resins constitute a very high proportion of conventional binders used in surface coatings. In order to enhance the quality of these Alkyd Resins methyl esters of rubber seed oil (MERSO) were used in the preparation of the Resins. Methods: MERSO were obtained by in-situ alcoholysis of rubber seed. Alkyd Resins having oil lengths of 45, 50 and 55% were prepared with MERSO, phthalic anhydride and glycerol using alcoholysis method. Lead (II) oxide and xylene were used as catalyst and refluxing solvent, respectively. The physico-chemical characteristics of the MERSO and the Resins obtained were compared with the corresponding value of rubber seed oil (RSO) and its Alkyd Resins. Chemical resistance of the Alkyd Resins was also determined. Results: The acid value of the finished Alkyd Resins depends on the rate and extent of esterification. Iodine value of the Alkyd shows that the level of unsaturation depends on the oil length of the Resins. The free fatty acid (FFA) value (1.99%) of the MERSO was much lower than that of the RSO (9.54%). This supports the choice of methyl ester as a preferred alternative to the use of the raw RSO in Alkyd resin preparation. All the Alkyd samples were fairly resistant to brine, acid and water but poorly resistant to alkali. However, the MERSO Alkyds were observed to have a better resistance than the RSO Alkyd Resins. The scratch/gouge pencil hardness shows that the hardness of the Alkyd films decreases with the oil length.
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synthesis and characterisation of chlorinated rubber seed oil Alkyd Resins
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2007Co-Authors: E U Ikhuoria, Aireguamen I Aigbodion, F E Okieimen, M Maliki, E O Obaze, I O BakareAbstract:Abstract Rubber seed oil Alkyd Resins of 50% oil length were prepared (sample I) and parts of it modified by direct chlorination for 30 min (sample II), 60 min (sample III) and 90 min (sample IV). The concentration of the chloride ions was found to be 0.231, 0.236 and 0.239 mol/dm 3 for samples II, III and IV, respectively. The IR spectra of the samples show that chlorine enters only into the aliphatic portion of the Alkyd chain by addition. The physico-chemical properties and performance characteristics of the chlorinated and unchlorinated Alkyd Resins were determined. The results show that the chlorinated Resins are fire retardant and that they possess superior drying properties, than the unchlorinated Alkyds.
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preparation and characterisation of Alkyd Resins using crude and refined rubber seed oil
Pakistan journal of scientific and industrial research, 2005Co-Authors: E U Ikhuoria, F E OkieimenAbstract:Six different Alkyds were formulated with crude rubber seed oil 45% (1), 50% (II) and 55% (III); refined rubber seed oil 45% (IV), 50% (V) and 55% (VI); phthalic anhydride and glycerol. All the Alkyds were formulated to Alkyd constant of about 1.0. The alcoholysis method was used. Refining enhanced the quality of rubber seed oil in Alkyd resin manufacture. The properties of the finished Alkyd Resins such as viscosity, number average molecular weights, drying schedule, chemical resistance and film hardness were determined. The intrinsic viscosity (η) was observed to be proportional to the number average molecular weight of the two sets of Alkyd Resins. However, samples I-III exhibited higher intrinsic viscosity in toluene than samples IV-VI. On the contrary, the films of samples IV-VI were harder, dried faster, and were more chemically resistant than those of samples I-III. The practical implications of these results are discussed.
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an investigation of the utilisation of african locustbean seed oil in the preparation of Alkyd Resins
Industrial Crops and Products, 2001Co-Authors: A I Aigbodion, F E OkieimenAbstract:Preparation of Alkyd Resins using phthalic anhydride and glycerol modified with African locustbean seed oil was investigated. The oil was solvent extracted with petroleum spirit (60–80°C). The oil content of the seed ranged from 15 to 20%. Three grades of Alkyds formulated to contain 27% (I), 50% (II) and 60% (III) oil were prepared using a recipe containing various amounts of phthalic anhydride, glycerol and African locustbean seed oil employing the alcoholysis method. The progress of reaction was monitored by determining the acid value of the aliquot of the reaction mixture at regular time intervals. The acid value decreased as the reaction progressed. The rate of decrease was higher at the initial stages of reaction and depended on the amount of reactants. Kinetic study showed that the initial stages of the reaction followed a second-order rate law, after which deviation was observed. The extent of reaction as determined at this region ranged from 57.9 to 63.5%, indicating an appreciable degree of conversion. The average degree of polymerisation at this point ranged between 2 and 3, and this suggests formation of low molecular weight species and branching at short intervals along the Alkyd chains. The second-order rate constants for the linear portion were 6.05×10−5 , 12.51×10−5 and 5.98×10−5 g (mg KOH)−1 min−1 for samples I, II and III, respectively. The oil is essentially a semi-drying oil.
Sirkka Liisa Maunu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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structure of tall oil fatty acid based Alkyd Resins and Alkyd acrylic copolymers studied by nmr spectroscopy
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2014Co-Authors: Pirita Ramanen, Sirkka Liisa MaunuAbstract:Abstract One- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate the structure of tall oil fatty acid (TOFA)-based Alkyd Resins and waterborne Alkyd–acrylic copolymers. An increase in the functionality of the polyol that is used in the Alkyd resin synthesis was found to increase the reactivity of the polyol towards the diacid compared with the TOFA, which causes the formation of more branched and higher molar mass Alkyd resin structures. During the copolymerization, polyacrylate chains were grafted to the double bonds and allylic sites of the fatty acid chains in the Alkyd resin. Butyl acrylate preferentially grafted to the double bonds, while methyl methacrylate tended to graft to the allylic position. High proportions of the double bonds remaining after copolymerization were crucial to the film formation of copolymers, because the chemical drying of copolymer films occurred by an autoxidation process.
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synthesis and characterization of tall oil fatty acids based Alkyd Resins and Alkyd acrylate copolymers
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2008Co-Authors: Pirita Uschanov, Nina Heiskanen, Pekka Mononen, Sirkka Liisa Maunu, Salme KoskimiesAbstract:Abstract The polymerization and properties of environmentally friendly waterborne binders for wood coatings were studied. Conjugated and non-conjugated tall oil fatty acids-based Alkyd Resins were synthesized and further copolymerized via miniemulsion polymerization with acrylates (butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate). The ratio between Alkyd resin and acrylate monomers was varied and the effect on copolymerization and the copolymer binder properties, such as particle size, molecular weight, grafting of acrylate to Alkyd resin and reaction of double bonds, were studied. It was observed that the use of MMA influenced on the degree of grafting of acrylate and monomer conversion because the steric hindrances prevent MMA to react with Alkyd double bonds as eagerly as BA. The increasing amount of Alkyd resin was noticed to decrease the polymerization rate. The research showed that it was possible to prepare stable hybrids, Alkyd–acrylate copolymers, with varied chemical composition.
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Synthesis and characterization of tall oil fatty acids-based Alkyd Resins and Alkyd–acrylate copolymers
Progress in Organic Coatings, 2008Co-Authors: Pirita Uschanov, Nina Heiskanen, Pekka Mononen, Sirkka Liisa Maunu, Salme KoskimiesAbstract:Abstract The polymerization and properties of environmentally friendly waterborne binders for wood coatings were studied. Conjugated and non-conjugated tall oil fatty acids-based Alkyd Resins were synthesized and further copolymerized via miniemulsion polymerization with acrylates (butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate). The ratio between Alkyd resin and acrylate monomers was varied and the effect on copolymerization and the copolymer binder properties, such as particle size, molecular weight, grafting of acrylate to Alkyd resin and reaction of double bonds, were studied. It was observed that the use of MMA influenced on the degree of grafting of acrylate and monomer conversion because the steric hindrances prevent MMA to react with Alkyd double bonds as eagerly as BA. The increasing amount of Alkyd resin was noticed to decrease the polymerization rate. The research showed that it was possible to prepare stable hybrids, Alkyd–acrylate copolymers, with varied chemical composition.
