The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Matthias Noll - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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material resistance of flame retarded wood plastic composites against fire and fungal decay
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2012Co-Authors: Annette Naumann, Matthias Noll, Ina Stephan, Henrik Seefeldt, Ulrike BraunAbstract:Flame retarded wood-plastic composites (WPCs) should allow safe application in areas of fire risk. Halogen-free flame Retardants can contain high amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus or sulphur, which may serve as nutrition source for wood degrading fungi and accelerate wood decay. Therefore, the material resistance of WPCs with each of four flame Retardants against both fire or fungal decay was examined in comparison to WPC without flame Retardant. Expandable graphite showed the best performance against fire in cone calorimetry and radiant panel testing. Two ammonium polyphosphates and a third nitrogen-containing flame Retardant were not as effective. Contrary to the possibility that flame Retardants might enhance fungal decay of WPC, the opposite effect occurred in case of the wood-degrading fungi Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana according to determination of mass loss and decrease of bending modulus of elasticity. Only the surface mould Alternaria alternata slightly increased the degradation of WPCs with nitrogen-containing flame Retardants compared to WPC without flame Retardant according to mass loss data and FTIR-ATR analyses. Finally, WPC including expandable graphite as flame Retardant was effective against both fire and fungal decay.
Bernhard Schartel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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routes to halogen free flame Retardant polypropylene wood plastic composites
Polymers for Advanced Technologies, 2019Co-Authors: Huajie Yin, Fanni D Sypaseuth, Martina Schubert, Rebecca Schoch, Martin Bastian, Bernhard SchartelAbstract:Developing halogen‐free flame Retardants with reasonably high efficiency, which thus function at limited loadings in polypropylene‐based wood/plastic composites (WPC), is still a challenge. Cost‐effective flame‐retarded WPC have been identified as a way to open the door to an interesting, broader spectrum of application in the building and transportation sectors. This work imparts a systematic comprehensive understanding and assessment of different basic routes to halogen‐free flame‐retarded WPC, taking into account economic and environmental considerations. Cheap, halogen‐free single‐component flame Retardants and their multicomponent systems are investigated at reasonable filling grades of 20 wt%. The basic routes of promising synergistic multicomponent systems are discussed, and their potential and Limits assessed. Optimizing the consistency of fire residue; closing the surface of inorganic‐organic residual layers; the thermal stabilization and design of the residue, eg, synergistic combination of ammonium polyphosphate and expandable graphite; and the combination of different flame‐Retardant mechanisms, eg, intumescence and flame inhibition, are proposed as promising routes to boost the flame‐Retardant efficiency.
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phosphorus based flame retardancy mechanisms old hat or a starting point for future development
Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Bernhard SchartelAbstract:Different kinds of additive and reactive flame Retardants containing phosphorus are increasingly successful as halogen-free alternatives for various polymeric materials and applications. Phosphorus can act in the condensed phase by enhancing charring, yielding intumescence, or through inorganic glass formation; and in the gas phase through flame inhibition. Occurrence and efficiency depend, not only on the flame Retardant itself, but also on its interaction with pyrolysing polymeric material and additives. Flame retardancy is sensitive to modification of the flame Retardant, the use of synergists/adjuvants, and changes to the polymeric material. A detailed understanding facilitates the launch of tailored and targeted development.
J Garciajaca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wood plastics composites with better fire retardancy and durability performance
Composites Part A-applied Science and Manufacturing, 2009Co-Authors: M. Garcia, I�aki Garmendia, J. Hidalgo, J GarciajacaAbstract:Abstract This study concerns the preparation and study of wood–plastic composites (WPCs). The matrix used was high density polyethylene. Results showed that the addition of wood fibres increased mechanical properties (tensile, flexural and compression) of the neat plastic remarkably. Additives such as fire Retardants and light stabilizers were added to improve properties like fire retardancy and durability performance. The addition of fire Retardants could lead to auto-extinguishing materials when ammonium polyphosphate or aluminium hydroxide were used. Outdoor durability depended on both the light stabilizer and the fire Retardant added to the formulation. The fire Retardant worsened the outdoor durability. However, stabilized fire retarded-WPCs showed much lower fading than non-stabilized non-fire retarded composites and several industrial samples. Stabilized composites with aluminium hydroxide as fire Retardant showed the best overall results with a fading degree even lower than the stabilized non-fire retarded composite.
Serge Bourbigot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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new trends in reaction and resistance to fire of fire Retardant epoxies
Materials, 2010Co-Authors: Caroline Gerard, Gaelle Fontaine, Serge BourbigotAbstract:This paper focuses on current trends in the flame retardancy of epoxy-based thermosets. This review examines the incorporation of additives in these polymers, including synergism effects. Reactive flame-Retardants—which are incorporated in the polymer backbone—are reported and the use of fire-Retardant epoxy coatings for materials protection is also considered.
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Fire Retardant polymers: recent developments and opportunities
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Serge Bourbigot, Sylvain Duquesne, Sophie DuquesneAbstract:In this Feature Article, we discuss recent developments of flame Retardant polymers. Three approaches are considered: (i) inherently flame Retardant polymers, (ii) chemically modified polymers and (iii) flame Retardants as additives for polymers. We have tried to show the new directions and concepts emerging in the field of flame retardancy. We have mainly focused our comments on flame Retardants, nanofillers and surface treatment because very promising concepts appeared recently in the published literature. Synergistic aspects are also fully discussed.
Annette Naumann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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material resistance of flame retarded wood plastic composites against fire and fungal decay
Polymer Degradation and Stability, 2012Co-Authors: Annette Naumann, Matthias Noll, Ina Stephan, Henrik Seefeldt, Ulrike BraunAbstract:Flame retarded wood-plastic composites (WPCs) should allow safe application in areas of fire risk. Halogen-free flame Retardants can contain high amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus or sulphur, which may serve as nutrition source for wood degrading fungi and accelerate wood decay. Therefore, the material resistance of WPCs with each of four flame Retardants against both fire or fungal decay was examined in comparison to WPC without flame Retardant. Expandable graphite showed the best performance against fire in cone calorimetry and radiant panel testing. Two ammonium polyphosphates and a third nitrogen-containing flame Retardant were not as effective. Contrary to the possibility that flame Retardants might enhance fungal decay of WPC, the opposite effect occurred in case of the wood-degrading fungi Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana according to determination of mass loss and decrease of bending modulus of elasticity. Only the surface mould Alternaria alternata slightly increased the degradation of WPCs with nitrogen-containing flame Retardants compared to WPC without flame Retardant according to mass loss data and FTIR-ATR analyses. Finally, WPC including expandable graphite as flame Retardant was effective against both fire and fungal decay.
