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B. B. Sithole - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A novel spectrophotometric method for determining the acid number of Tall Oil
Wood Science and Technology, 1995Co-Authors: B. B. SitholeAbstract:A spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of the acid number of Tall Oil has been developed. The procedure involves dissolution of a known weight of Tall Oil sample in acetone followed by spectrophotometric determination of total free fatty and resin acids in the solution after prior complexation of the acids with cupric ions. The total free fatty and resin acids values of Tall Oils, as determined by the spectrophotometric procedure, correlate well with the acid numbers of the Tall Oil samples. This correlation affords an alternative rapid method for determining the acid number of Tall Oil.
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A novel spectrophotometric method the acid number of Tall Oil
1995Co-Authors: B. B. SitholeAbstract:Summary A spectrophotometric procedure for the determination of the acid number of Tall Oil has been developed. The procedure involves dissolution of a known weight of Tall Oil sample in acetone followed by spectrophotometric determination of total free fatty and resin acids in the solution after prior complexation of the acids with cupric ions. The total free fatty and resin acids values of Tall Oils, as determined by the spectrophotometric procedure, correlate well with the acid numbers of the Tall Oil samples. This correlation affords an alternative rapid method for determining the acid number of Tall Oil.
Alexander V. Kurzin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Desulfurization of black liquor soap for production of crude Tall Oil with lower sulfur content
Wood Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Andrey N. Evdokimov, Alexander V. Kurzin, Larisa M. Popova, Alena D. Trifonova, Godfried J. H. BuismanAbstract:Black liquor soap is used to produce Tall Oil with subsequent fractionation. The main distilled products are Tall Oil rosin and fatty acids, as well as pitch. The presence of sulfur compounds in Tall products limits the number of their end-use applications. The existing methods for Tall Oil and Tall Oil-derived products desulfurization are expensive, time-consuming and non-universal. Desulfurization of sulfate soap can solve the problem of reducing the sulfur content in the Tall Oil and its fractions. By treatment with sodium hydroxide + sodium chloride aqueous solution and copper, the total sulfur content of softwood black liquor soap was reduced from 3120 to 197 ppm, and in the case of softwood + hardwood black liquor soap—from 2960 to 423 ppm. Minimum total sulfur contents of the Tall Oils obtained from desulfurized sulfate soaps were 165 and 410 ppm, respectively.
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Desulfurization of Tall Oil Rosin
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2014Co-Authors: Andrey N. Evdokimov, Alexander V. Kurzin, Larisa M. Popova, Alena D. Trifonova, Tamara M. VikhmanAbstract:Tall Oil rosin has limited application due to the presence of sulfur compounds. By treatments with acetic acid and 2-ethoxyethanol the total sulfur content of Tall Oil rosin was reduced from 630 to 48 ppm.
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Desulfurization of Tall Oil Pitch
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Alexander V. Kurzin, A. N. Evdokimov, Alena D. TrifonovaAbstract:Method for desulfurization of Tall Oil pitch is suggested. The method is based on successive treatments with hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, and aqueous solutions of acetonitrile. As a result, the total content of sulfur was reduced from 3800 to 220 ppm. The fuel characteristics of the desulfurized pitch were determined. The purified pitch can be used in the conventional areas of its application, in which restrictions are imposed on the total content of sulfur.
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Esters of Amylose, Cellulose, and Tall Oil Fatty Acids
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Alexander V. Kurzin, A. N. Evdokimov, O. S. Pavlova, V. B. AntipinaAbstract:The possibility of preparing amylose and cellulose esters by esterification and acylation with chlorides of Tall Oil fatty acids was examined.
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Esters of sucrose and Tall Oil fatty acids
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Alexander V. Kurzin, A. N. Evdokimov, O. S. Pavlova, V. B. AntipinaAbstract:The possibility of preparing monoesters derived from sucrose and Tall Oil fatty acids was examined.
Murray B. Isman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Toxicity and deterrency of depitched Tall Oil to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae
Crop Protection, 1995Co-Authors: Yongshou Xie, Murray B. IsmanAbstract:The comparative toxicity and deterrency of depitched Tall Oil, a by-product of the kraft process for pulping softwood, and Superior 70 Oil, a common horticultural Oil, to the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), were investigated. Leaf disc choice bioassays using second-instar M. persicae indicated that both depitched Tall Oil and Superior 70 Oil deter aphids in a dose-dependent manner. Effective concentrations resulting in 50% deterrence (EC50 values) (with 95% confidence interval) for depitched Tall Oil and Superior 70 Oil were 0.88% (0.78–0.98) and 1.39% (1.17–1.60), respectively. Depitched Tall Oil was significantly (p < 0.05) more deterrent to aphids than Superior 70 Oil. Depitched Tall Oil and Superior 70 Oil were equally toxic to second-instar M. persicae when leaf discs were treated with the test materials. Concentrations causing 50% mortality (LC50 values) for depitched Tall Oil and for Superior 70 Oil were 1.05 and 1.10%, respectively. At a concentration of 1%, depitched Tall Oil applied to leaf discs reduced aphid survival to 28% after 5 days, whereas survival of controls was 78%. When topically applied at a dose of 0.1 μl per aphid, the lethal doses of depitched Tall Oil resulting in 50% mortality (LD50 values) at 72 h for second-instar and adult M. persicae were 0.16 and 0.20 μg per aphid, respectively. When sprayed at a dose of 5 μl cm−2, the LC50 values at 72 h for emulsified depitched Tall Oil to second-instar and adult M. persicae were 1.08 and 0.80%, respectively. The deterrent effect of depitched Tall Oil on M. persicae persisted for at least 3 days under greenhouse conditions.
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Tall Oil: enhancement of neem and azadirachtin toxicity to the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hübner (Lep., Noctuidae)
Journal of Applied Entomology, 1995Co-Authors: Y. S. Xie, Murray B. IsmanAbstract:Potentiation of the insecticidal activity of neem and its active principle, azadirachtin, by depitched Tall Oil was examined in experiments with the variegated cutworm, Peridroma saucia Hubner. Contact toxicity of both neem and azadirachtin to P. saucia was enhanced more than 2 fold when formulated in combination with depitched Tall Oil, compared to that with the insecticides alone. Nutritional analyses of fourth instar larvae following topical application of neem or azadirachtin in combination with depitched Tall Oil demonstrated stronger inhibition in larval growth, diet consumption, and dietary utilization than when the test materials were administered alone. These results suggest that the Oil enhances the bioavailability of azadirachtin to target tissues or receptors in the insect. Depitched Tall Oil also enhanced the antifeedant effect and residual action of neem and azadirachtin on cabbage plants to P. saucia larvae.
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Diterpene resin acids: Major active principles in Tall Oil against Variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1993Co-Authors: Yongshou Xie, Yi Feng, Murray B. Isman, Alfred WongAbstract:Tall Oil, a by-product of the kraft process for pulping softwood, has been shown to have insecticidal properties. In the present study, the active principles in Tall Oil against the variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia Hubner, were investigated. GC-MS analysis showed that abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids were major resin acid components of crude Tall Oil and depitched Tall Oil. When crude Tall Oil samples of differing resin acid composition were incorporated into artificial diet at a concentration of 2.0% fresh weight, they suppressed larval growth by 45–60% compared to controls. This suppression was significantly (P≤0.05) correlated with the equivalent contents of abietic, dehydroabietic, isopimaric, and total resin acids. These results were also evident from a diet choice test, showing that the second-instar larvae obviously selected diets with low levels of resin acids when different diets were randomly arranged in a Petri dish. Bioassays with pure resin acids (abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids) demonstrated that all individual chemicals have similar bioactivity against this insect. Comparison of the bioactivities of depitched Tall Oil and an equivalent mixture of pure resin acids in thePeridroma chronic growth bioassay indicated that pure resin acids and depitched Tall Oil share a common mode of action to this insect. This study confirms that resin acids are major active principles in Tall Oil against the variegated cutworm, but other chemicals likely also contribute to the bioactivity of Tall Oil.
Alena D. Trifonova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Desulfurization of black liquor soap for production of crude Tall Oil with lower sulfur content
Wood Science and Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Andrey N. Evdokimov, Alexander V. Kurzin, Larisa M. Popova, Alena D. Trifonova, Godfried J. H. BuismanAbstract:Black liquor soap is used to produce Tall Oil with subsequent fractionation. The main distilled products are Tall Oil rosin and fatty acids, as well as pitch. The presence of sulfur compounds in Tall products limits the number of their end-use applications. The existing methods for Tall Oil and Tall Oil-derived products desulfurization are expensive, time-consuming and non-universal. Desulfurization of sulfate soap can solve the problem of reducing the sulfur content in the Tall Oil and its fractions. By treatment with sodium hydroxide + sodium chloride aqueous solution and copper, the total sulfur content of softwood black liquor soap was reduced from 3120 to 197 ppm, and in the case of softwood + hardwood black liquor soap—from 2960 to 423 ppm. Minimum total sulfur contents of the Tall Oils obtained from desulfurized sulfate soaps were 165 and 410 ppm, respectively.
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Desulfurization of Tall Oil Rosin
Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society, 2014Co-Authors: Andrey N. Evdokimov, Alexander V. Kurzin, Larisa M. Popova, Alena D. Trifonova, Tamara M. VikhmanAbstract:Tall Oil rosin has limited application due to the presence of sulfur compounds. By treatments with acetic acid and 2-ethoxyethanol the total sulfur content of Tall Oil rosin was reduced from 630 to 48 ppm.
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Desulfurization of Tall Oil Pitch
Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Alexander V. Kurzin, A. N. Evdokimov, Alena D. TrifonovaAbstract:Method for desulfurization of Tall Oil pitch is suggested. The method is based on successive treatments with hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, and aqueous solutions of acetonitrile. As a result, the total content of sulfur was reduced from 3800 to 220 ppm. The fuel characteristics of the desulfurized pitch were determined. The purified pitch can be used in the conventional areas of its application, in which restrictions are imposed on the total content of sulfur.
Alfred Wong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Selected Rheological Properties of Tall Oil Pitch Binder for Asphaltic Road Pavement Construction
International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 2004Co-Authors: Yi Feng, Alfred WongAbstract:Tall Oil pitch is a secondary by-product of the coniferous wood pulp industry. Its use as a pavement binder is problematic as the basic rheological properties are affected by variable chemical composition of the Tall Oil pitch. Synthetic blends of fatty acid, resin acid and sterol were used as model compounds for the laboratory study of the effect of chemical composition on the physical properties of Tall Oil pitch. A reliable empirical method has been developed to predict the key rheological properties of Tall Oil pitch. Tall Oil pitch could thus be altered by means of compositional changes to meet the pavement engineering needs of different climatic service conditions.
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Diterpene resin acids: Major active principles in Tall Oil against Variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 1993Co-Authors: Yongshou Xie, Yi Feng, Murray B. Isman, Alfred WongAbstract:Tall Oil, a by-product of the kraft process for pulping softwood, has been shown to have insecticidal properties. In the present study, the active principles in Tall Oil against the variegated cutworm,Peridroma saucia Hubner, were investigated. GC-MS analysis showed that abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids were major resin acid components of crude Tall Oil and depitched Tall Oil. When crude Tall Oil samples of differing resin acid composition were incorporated into artificial diet at a concentration of 2.0% fresh weight, they suppressed larval growth by 45–60% compared to controls. This suppression was significantly (P≤0.05) correlated with the equivalent contents of abietic, dehydroabietic, isopimaric, and total resin acids. These results were also evident from a diet choice test, showing that the second-instar larvae obviously selected diets with low levels of resin acids when different diets were randomly arranged in a Petri dish. Bioassays with pure resin acids (abietic, dehydroabietic, and isopimaric acids) demonstrated that all individual chemicals have similar bioactivity against this insect. Comparison of the bioactivities of depitched Tall Oil and an equivalent mixture of pure resin acids in thePeridroma chronic growth bioassay indicated that pure resin acids and depitched Tall Oil share a common mode of action to this insect. This study confirms that resin acids are major active principles in Tall Oil against the variegated cutworm, but other chemicals likely also contribute to the bioactivity of Tall Oil.
