The Experts below are selected from a list of 195 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Johann F. Görgens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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techno economic assessment of integrating methanol or fischer tropsch synthesis in a south african sugar mill
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Abdul M Petersen, Somayeh Farzad, Johann F. GörgensAbstract:Abstract This study considered an average-sized sugar mill in South Africa that crushes 300 wet tonnes per hour of cane, as a host for integrating methanol and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, through Gasification of a combined flow of sugarcane trash and bagasse. Initially, it was shown that the conversion of biomass to syngas is preferably done by catalytic Allothermal Gasification instead of catalytic autothermal Gasification. Thereafter, conventional and advanced synthesis routes for both Methanol and Fischer–Tropsch products were simulated with Aspen Plus® software and compared by technical and economic feasibility. Advanced FT synthesis satisfied the overall energy demands, but was not economically viable for a private investment. Advanced methanol synthesis is also not viable for private investment since the internal rate of return was 21.1%, because it could not provide the steam that the sugar mill required. The conventional synthesis routes had less viability than the corresponding advanced synthesis routes.
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Techno-economic assessment of integrating methanol or Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a South African sugar mill
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Abdul M Petersen, Somayeh Farzad, Johann F. GörgensAbstract:Abstract This study considered an average-sized sugar mill in South Africa that crushes 300 wet tonnes per hour of cane, as a host for integrating methanol and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, through Gasification of a combined flow of sugarcane trash and bagasse. Initially, it was shown that the conversion of biomass to syngas is preferably done by catalytic Allothermal Gasification instead of catalytic autothermal Gasification. Thereafter, conventional and advanced synthesis routes for both Methanol and Fischer–Tropsch products were simulated with Aspen Plus® software and compared by technical and economic feasibility. Advanced FT synthesis satisfied the overall energy demands, but was not economically viable for a private investment. Advanced methanol synthesis is also not viable for private investment since the internal rate of return was 21.1%, because it could not provide the steam that the sugar mill required. The conventional synthesis routes had less viability than the corresponding advanced synthesis routes.
Abdul M Petersen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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techno economic assessment of integrating methanol or fischer tropsch synthesis in a south african sugar mill
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Abdul M Petersen, Somayeh Farzad, Johann F. GörgensAbstract:Abstract This study considered an average-sized sugar mill in South Africa that crushes 300 wet tonnes per hour of cane, as a host for integrating methanol and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, through Gasification of a combined flow of sugarcane trash and bagasse. Initially, it was shown that the conversion of biomass to syngas is preferably done by catalytic Allothermal Gasification instead of catalytic autothermal Gasification. Thereafter, conventional and advanced synthesis routes for both Methanol and Fischer–Tropsch products were simulated with Aspen Plus® software and compared by technical and economic feasibility. Advanced FT synthesis satisfied the overall energy demands, but was not economically viable for a private investment. Advanced methanol synthesis is also not viable for private investment since the internal rate of return was 21.1%, because it could not provide the steam that the sugar mill required. The conventional synthesis routes had less viability than the corresponding advanced synthesis routes.
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Techno-economic assessment of integrating methanol or Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a South African sugar mill
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Abdul M Petersen, Somayeh Farzad, Johann F. GörgensAbstract:Abstract This study considered an average-sized sugar mill in South Africa that crushes 300 wet tonnes per hour of cane, as a host for integrating methanol and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, through Gasification of a combined flow of sugarcane trash and bagasse. Initially, it was shown that the conversion of biomass to syngas is preferably done by catalytic Allothermal Gasification instead of catalytic autothermal Gasification. Thereafter, conventional and advanced synthesis routes for both Methanol and Fischer–Tropsch products were simulated with Aspen Plus® software and compared by technical and economic feasibility. Advanced FT synthesis satisfied the overall energy demands, but was not economically viable for a private investment. Advanced methanol synthesis is also not viable for private investment since the internal rate of return was 21.1%, because it could not provide the steam that the sugar mill required. The conventional synthesis routes had less viability than the corresponding advanced synthesis routes.
Syamsudin Syamsudin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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TINJAUAN PEMANFAATAN SLUDGE CAKE PABRIK PULP KRAFT SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF MELALUI PROSES GASIFIKASI
2015Co-Authors: Syamsudin SyamsudinAbstract:Kraft pulp mills generate large amounts of sludge cake with typical calorific value of 24 MJ/kg (dry and ash-free basis). Sludge cake could be utilized as an alternative energy through Gasification to produce medium gaseous fuel. Sludge cake has a high moisture content and low dewaterability, probably due to biomass from the microbial growth in the wastewater treatment by activated sludge. These problems could be overcome by the addition of filtration aid utilizing biomass waste from pulp mill and dewatering processes by TAMD method. Drying was continued by utilizing hot flue gas from the boiler or lime kiln. Steam Gasification of sludge cake by Allothermal model could produce a gaseous fuel with a calorific value of 11 MJ/Nm 3 . Allothermal Gasification model of two reactors was able for handling sludge cake with a moisture content of 1200°C to prevent slagging and fouling problem. In contrast, Allothermal Gasification model of three reactors could produce gas with a low tar content. Heat of Gasification reaction might be supplied from thecombustion of volatile gas. Pyrolysis could be performed at temperatures
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TINJAUAN PEMANFAATAN SLUDGE CAKE PABRIK PULP KRAFT SEBAGAI ENERGI ALTERNATIF MELALUI PROSES GASIFIKASI
JURNAL SELULOSA, 2015Co-Authors: Syamsudin SyamsudinAbstract:Kraft pulp mills generate large amounts of sludge cake with typical calorific value of 24 MJ/kg (dry and ash-free basis). Sludge cake could be utilized as an alternative energy through Gasification to produce medium gaseous fuel. Sludge cake has a high moisture content and low dewaterability, probably due to biomass from the microbial growth in the wastewater treatment by activated sludge. These problems could be overcome by the addition of filtration aid utilizing biomass waste from pulp mill and dewatering processes by TAMD method. Drying was continued by utilizing hot flue gas from the boiler or lime kiln. Steam Gasification of sludge cake by Allothermal model could produce a gaseous fuel with a calorific value of 11 MJ/Nm3. Allothermal Gasification model of two reactors was able for handling sludge cake with a moisture content of <55%, but produce gas with a high tar content.Gasification or combustion of sludge cake on this model should be performed at temperatures >1200°C to prevent slagging and fouling problem. In contrast, Allothermal Gasification model of three reactors could produce gas with a low tar content. Heat of Gasification reaction might be supplied from thecombustion of volatile gas. Pyrolysis could be performed at temperatures <500oC to permit adequateheat supply for Gasification and high char yield. Substitution of natural gas with producer gas need topay attention to the redesign of the combustion process associated with the lower heat of combustion.Keywords: sludge cake, dewatering, Gasification, steam, CO2, medium gaseous fuelABSTRAK Pabrik pulp kraft menghasilkan sludge cake dalam jumlah besar dengan nilai kalor tipikal 20 MJ/kg (dasar kering dan bebas abu). Sludge cake dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi alternatif melalui gasifikasi untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar gas medium. Sludge cake memiliki kadar air tinggi dan dewaterability rendah, disebabkan adanya biomassa hasil pertumbuhan mikroba pengolahan air limbahsecara lumpur aktif. Kendala ini diatasi dengan penambahan media bantu filtrasi memanfaatkan limbah biomassa pabrik pulp dan proses dewatering dengan metode TAMD. Pengeringan dilanjutkan dengan memanfaatkan gas panas dari boiler atau lime kiln. Proses gasifikasi-kukus Allothermal terhadap sludge cake dapat menghasilkan gas bakar dengan nilai kalor 11 MJ/Nm3. Gasifikasi Allothermal model dua reaktor mampu menangani sludge cake dengan kadar air <55%, namun menghasilkan gas dengan kadar tar yang tinggi. Gasifikasi atau pembakaran sludge cake pada model ini sebaiknya dilakukan pada suhu di bawah 1200oC untuk menghindari terjadinya slagging dan fouling. Sebaliknya, gasifikasi Allothermal model tiga reaktor dapat menghasilkan gas dengan kadar tar rendah. Panas reaksi gasifikasi mungkin dapat dipenuhi dari pembakaran gas volatil hasil pirolisis. Pirolisis dapat dilakukan pada suhu <500ºC dengan mempertimbangkan kecukupan suplai panas gasifikasi dan yield arang tinggi. Penggantian gas bumi dengan gas produser perlu memperhatikan redesign proses pembakaran terkait dengan panas pembakaran yang lebih rendah.Kata kunci: sludge cake, dewatering, gasifikasi, kukus, CO2, bahan bakar gas kalor medium
Somayeh Farzad - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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techno economic assessment of integrating methanol or fischer tropsch synthesis in a south african sugar mill
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Abdul M Petersen, Somayeh Farzad, Johann F. GörgensAbstract:Abstract This study considered an average-sized sugar mill in South Africa that crushes 300 wet tonnes per hour of cane, as a host for integrating methanol and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, through Gasification of a combined flow of sugarcane trash and bagasse. Initially, it was shown that the conversion of biomass to syngas is preferably done by catalytic Allothermal Gasification instead of catalytic autothermal Gasification. Thereafter, conventional and advanced synthesis routes for both Methanol and Fischer–Tropsch products were simulated with Aspen Plus® software and compared by technical and economic feasibility. Advanced FT synthesis satisfied the overall energy demands, but was not economically viable for a private investment. Advanced methanol synthesis is also not viable for private investment since the internal rate of return was 21.1%, because it could not provide the steam that the sugar mill required. The conventional synthesis routes had less viability than the corresponding advanced synthesis routes.
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Techno-economic assessment of integrating methanol or Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a South African sugar mill
Bioresource Technology, 2015Co-Authors: Abdul M Petersen, Somayeh Farzad, Johann F. GörgensAbstract:Abstract This study considered an average-sized sugar mill in South Africa that crushes 300 wet tonnes per hour of cane, as a host for integrating methanol and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, through Gasification of a combined flow of sugarcane trash and bagasse. Initially, it was shown that the conversion of biomass to syngas is preferably done by catalytic Allothermal Gasification instead of catalytic autothermal Gasification. Thereafter, conventional and advanced synthesis routes for both Methanol and Fischer–Tropsch products were simulated with Aspen Plus® software and compared by technical and economic feasibility. Advanced FT synthesis satisfied the overall energy demands, but was not economically viable for a private investment. Advanced methanol synthesis is also not viable for private investment since the internal rate of return was 21.1%, because it could not provide the steam that the sugar mill required. The conventional synthesis routes had less viability than the corresponding advanced synthesis routes.
Jurgen Karl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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steam Gasification of biomass in dual fluidized bed gasifiers a review
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2018Co-Authors: Jurgen Karl, Tobias ProllAbstract:Abstract Indirect or Allothermal Gasification of biomass in dual fluidized bed (DFB) gasifiers such as the Gussing gasifier or the biomass heatpipe reformer becomes particularly attractive for the conversion of biomass into hydrogen or any second generation fuel such as substitute natural gas (SNG), methanol or Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel. Interconnected and indirectly heated DFB gasifiers produce syngas with H2/CO ratios of 2–3 and hydrogen concentrations even above 50 vol%(dry basis). Fluidized bed particles, the operating pressure, solids circulation rate and heat transfer coefficients determine the layout of these gasifiers. This article summarizes the state of the art with respect to layout and dimensioning of DFB gasifiers and reviews the impact of the steam equivalence ratio, fuel and bed material properties, char conversion, and combustion efficiency on cold gas efficiency and syngas quality of DFB gasifiers.
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Plasma-Assisted Biomass Gasification with Focus on Carbon Conversion and Reaction Kinetics Compared to Thermal Gasification
Energies, 2018Co-Authors: Yin Pang, Leo Alexander Bahr, Peter Fendt, Lars Zigan, Stefan Will, Thomas Hammer, Manfred Baldauf, Robert Fleck, Dominik N. Müller, Jurgen KarlAbstract:Compared to conventional Allothermal Gasification of solid fuels (e.g., biomass, charcoal, lignite, etc.), plasma-assisted Gasification offers an efficient method for applying energy to the Gasification process to increase the flexibility of operation conditions and to increase the reaction kinetics. In particular, non-thermal plasmas (NTP) are promising, in which thermal equilibrium is not reached and electrons have a substantially higher mean energy than gas molecules. Thus, it is generally assumed that in NTP the supplied energy is utilized more efficiently for generating free radicals initiating Gasification reactions than thermal plasma processes. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we compared purely thermal to non-thermal plasma-assisted Gasification of biomass in steam in a drop tube reactor at atmospheric pressure. The NTP was provided by means of gliding arcs between two electrodes aligned in the inlet steam flow with an electric power of about 1 kW. Reaction yields and rates were evaluated using measured gas temperatures by the optical technique. The first experimental results show that the non-thermal plasma not only promotes the carbon conversion of the fuel particles, but also accelerates the reaction kinetics. The carbon conversion is increased by nearly 10% using wood powder as the fuel. With charcoal powder, more than 3% are converted into syngas.
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Plasma-Assisted Biomass Gasification in a Drop Tube Reactor at Atmospheric Pressure
2018Co-Authors: Yin Pang, Leo Alexander Bahr, Peter Fendt, Lars Zigan, Stefan Will, Thomas Hammer, Manfred Baldauf, Robert Fleck, Dominik N. Müller, Jurgen KarlAbstract:Compared to conventional Allothermal Gasification of solid fuels (e.g. biomass, charcoal, lignite etc.), plasma-assisted Gasification offers an efficient method to apply energy into the Gasification process to increase the flexibility of operation conditions and to increase the reaction kinetics. In particular, non-thermal plasmas (NTP) are promising, in which thermal equilibrium is not reached and electrons have substantially higher mean energy than gas molecules. Thus it is generally assumed that in NTP the supplied energy is utilized more efficiently for generating free radicals initiating Gasification reactions than thermal plasma processes. In order to investigate this hypothesis, we compared purely thermal to non-thermal plasma assisted Gasification of biomass in steam in a drop tube reactor at atmospheric pressure. The NTP was provided by means of gliding arcs between two electrodes aligned in the inlet steam flow. Electric power of about 1 kW was supplied using a high voltage generator operating at frequencies between 70 and 150 kHz and voltage amplitudes up to 10 kV. A laser-assisted optical method (Raman spectroscopy) was applied for measuring the gas temperature both in the conventionally heated steam and flow-down of the visible plasma filaments of the gliding arcs. Reaction yields and rates were evaluated using these measured gas temperatures. The first experimental results have shown that the non-thermal plasma not only promotes the carbon conversion of the fuel particles, but also accelerates the reaction kinetics. The carbon conversion is increased by nearly 10% using wood powder as the fuel. With charcoal powder more than 3% are converted into syngas.
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Performance of a 100 kW Heatpipe Reformer Operating on Lignite
Energy & Fuels, 2017Co-Authors: Jonas M. Leimert, Peter Treiber, Michael Neubert, Aaron Sieber, Jurgen KarlAbstract:The heatpipe reformer provides an Allothermal Gasification process for the generation of a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. Heat pipes transport heat from a fluidized bed combustor to a steam-blown fluidized bed Gasification reactor. The objective of the Institute of Energy Process Engineering (FAU-EVT) is the generation of hydrogen from the synthesis gas by means of in situ membrane separation in the fluidized bed Gasification reactor. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art of the heatpipe reformer (HPR) technology as well as the recent development of the construction of the 100 kW pilot test stand at FAU-EVT and shows the results of a 24 h Gasification operation. Lignite was used as feedstock. The results include the synthesis gas and tar composition, the temperature profile of the process, and the sulfur and hydrocarbon concentrations in the synthesis gas. Furthermore, the influence of Gasification temperature and pressure on the synthesis gas composition and the influence of the Gasification tem...
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The Heatpipe Reformer with optimized combustor design for enhanced cold gas efficiency
Fuel Processing Technology, 2016Co-Authors: Jonas M. Leimert, Peter Treiber, Jurgen KarlAbstract:The Heatpipe Reformer provides an Allothermal Gasification process for the generation of a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas. Heat pipes transport the heat from a fluidized bed furnace to the steam-blown fluidized bed Gasification reactor. The goal of our institute is the generation of hydrogen from the synthesis gas by means of membrane separation in the fluidized bed reactor. The major requirement to ensure a high cold gas efficiency of the Heatpipe Reformer is a high efficiency of the combustor, which is determined by the used heat exchanger and the air-fuel ratio of the combustion. State-of-the-art is a cold gas efficiency of 70% with a combustor efficiency of 60-70%. For that reason the combustion chamber developed at our institute comprises of an efficient heat exchanger to internally recuperate the heat from the flue gas and ensure a high temperature of the primary and secondary air. Another consideration is the design of the secondary air inlet in order to allow a complete combustion of the fuel and low CO emissions. The paper describes the impact of the combustion chamber on the efficiency of the gasifiers cold gas efficiencies. It presents the current state-of-the-art of the heat pipe reformer as well as the current state of the construction of the 100 kW pilot at the Institute of energy process engineering (FAU-EVT). The paper shows experiments on the combustor discussing CO emissions and combustor efficiency in order to calculate a prospected cold gas efficiency of the whole system. Both, biomass and coal can be used as feedstock for the Gasification system and results from combustor operation using lignite and wood pellets are shown. The combustion chamber provided CO emissions below 30 mg/m3. The internal air-preheater achieved temperatures of more than 500 °C. An analysis of heat losses finally indicates potentials for optimization of the Heatpipe Reformers cold gas efficiencies in the commercial scale.
