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Marilyn E. Morris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of AZD3965 and Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid in the Murine 4T1 Breast Tumor Model.
    The AAPS journal, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xiaowen Guan, Marilyn E. Morris
    Abstract:

    Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) represents a potential therapeutic target in cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of AZD3965 (a specific inhibitor of MCT1) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic Acid (CHC, a nonspecific inhibitor of MCTs) in the murine 4T1 tumor model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Expression of MCT1 and MCT4 in 4T1 and mouse mammary epithelial cells were determined by Western blot. Inhibition of MCT1-mediated l-lactate uptake and cellular proliferation by AZD3965 and CHC was determined. Mice bearing 4T1 breast tumors were treated with AZD3965 100 mg/kg i.p. twice-daily or CHC 200 mg/kg i.p. once-daily. Tumor growth, metastasis, intra-tumor lactate concentration, immune function, tumor MCT expression, and concentration-effect relationships were determined. AZD3965 and CHC inhibited cell growth and l-lactate uptake in 4T1 cells. AZD3965 treatment resulted in trough plasma and tumor concentrations of 29.1 ± 13.9 and 1670 ± 946 nM, respectively. AZD3965 decreased the tumor proliferation biomarker Ki67 expression, increased intra-tumor lactate concentration, and decreased tumor volume, although tumor weight was not different from untreated controls. CHC had no effect on tumor volume and weight, or intra-tumor lactate concentration. AZD3965 treatment reduced the blood leukocyte count and spleen weight and increased lung metastasis, while CHC did not. These findings indicate AZD3965 is a potent MCT1 inhibitor that accumulates to high concentrations in 4T1 xenograft tumors, where it increases tumor lactate concentrations and produces beneficial effects on markers of TNBC; however, overall effects on tumor growth were minimal and lung metastases increased.

  • Cellular Uptake of MCT1 Inhibitors AR-C155858 and AZD3965 and Their Effects on MCT-Mediated Transport of L-Lactate in Murine 4T1 Breast Tumor Cancer Cells
    The AAPS Journal, 2019
    Co-Authors: Xiaowen Guan, Vivian Rodriguez-cruz, Marilyn E. Morris
    Abstract:

    AR-C155858 and AZD3965, pyrrole pyrimidine derivatives, represent potent monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitors, with potential immunomodulatory and chemotherapeutic properties. Currently, there is limited information on the inhibitory properties of this new class of MCT1 inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to characterize the concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of L-lactate transport and the membrane permeability properties of AR-C155858 and AZD3965 in the murine 4T1 breast tumor cells that express MCT1. Our results demonstrated time-dependent inhibition of L-lactate uptake by AR-C155858 and AZD3965 with maximal inhibition occurring after a 5-min pre-incubation period and prolonged inhibition. Following removal of AR-C155858 or AZD3965 from the incubation buffer, inhibition of L-lactate uptake was only fully reversed after 3 and 12 h, respectively, indicating that these inhibitors are slowly reversible. The uptake of AR-C155858 was concentration-dependent in 4T1 cells, whereas the uptake of AZD3965 exhibited no concentration dependence over the range of concentrations examined. The uptake kinetics of AR-C155858 was best fitted to a Michaelis-Menten equation with a diffusional clearance component, P ( K _ m  = 0.399 ± 0.067 μM, V _max = 4.79 ± 0.58 pmol/mg/min, and P  = 0.330 ± 0.088 μL/mg/min). AR-C155858 uptake, but not AZD3965 uptake, was significantly inhibited by Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid, a known nonspecific inhibitor of MCTs 1, 2, and 4. AR-C155858 demonstrated a trend toward higher uptake at lower pH, a characteristic of proton-dependent MCT1. These findings provide evidence that AR-C155858 and AZD3965 exert slowly reversible inhibition of MCT1-mediated L-lactate uptake in 4T1 cells, with AR-C155858 representing a potential substrate of MCT1.

Jonathan V. Sweedler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparison of sample pre-treatments for laser desorption ionization and secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of Miscanthus × giganteus.
    Bioresource technology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Paul W. Bohn, Jonathan V. Sweedler
    Abstract:

    Efforts to further the potential of the large perennial grass Miscanthusxgiganteus as a biofuel feedstock would be aided by the ability to image the chemical species present during the fuel production process. Toward this end, two mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) approaches have been investigated here-laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). As a first step, cross sections of Miscanthus were subjected to a variety of sample preparation methods to optimize conditions for MSI. For LDI-MS, a thin metal coating (2 nm thick Au) provided high quality signals of saccharide-related ions. The traditional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization matrix, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic Acid, also showed high efficiency for the desorption of saccharide-related ions. In contrast, with Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid matrix, these ions were nearly absent in the mass spectra. Direct laser ablation of untreated Miscanthus sections was also performed. High resolution images, where the fine structure of the vascular bundle could be clearly visualized, were obtained using SIMS. Although coating the sections with a nanometer thick Au layer can greatly enhance the quality of SIMS images, the coating had limited effect on secondary ion signal enhancement. Using the optimized mass spectrometry approaches described here, information on the spatial distribution of several saccharides was obtained.

  • Heterogeneity within MALDI samples as revealed by mass spectrometric imaging
    Analytical Chemistry, 2000
    Co-Authors: Rebecca W. Garden, Jonathan V. Sweedler
    Abstract:

    While matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) has revolutionized the manner by which many large molecules are characterized, the highly variable appearance of MALDI mass spectra remains a concern. We have developed MALDI-based imaging as a diagnostic tool for examining the relationships between preparation strategy, sample morphology, and spectral quality. The imaging protocol involves the automated acquisition of mass spectra at 400-1600 positions within a single sample, followed by off-line processing and image display. Several sample types have been characterized, including a simple peptide mixture prepared in dried droplets of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic Acid and in thin films of Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid as well as a complex biological sample consisting of intact peptidergic neurons from the marine mollusk Aplysia californica. Imaging experiments provide a wealth of unbiased information concerning sample defects, spectral reproducibility, mass accuracy, differential analyte distributions, and the validity of internal standards.

Xiaowen Guan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of AZD3965 and Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid in the Murine 4T1 Breast Tumor Model.
    The AAPS journal, 2020
    Co-Authors: Xiaowen Guan, Marilyn E. Morris
    Abstract:

    Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) represents a potential therapeutic target in cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of AZD3965 (a specific inhibitor of MCT1) and α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic Acid (CHC, a nonspecific inhibitor of MCTs) in the murine 4T1 tumor model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Expression of MCT1 and MCT4 in 4T1 and mouse mammary epithelial cells were determined by Western blot. Inhibition of MCT1-mediated l-lactate uptake and cellular proliferation by AZD3965 and CHC was determined. Mice bearing 4T1 breast tumors were treated with AZD3965 100 mg/kg i.p. twice-daily or CHC 200 mg/kg i.p. once-daily. Tumor growth, metastasis, intra-tumor lactate concentration, immune function, tumor MCT expression, and concentration-effect relationships were determined. AZD3965 and CHC inhibited cell growth and l-lactate uptake in 4T1 cells. AZD3965 treatment resulted in trough plasma and tumor concentrations of 29.1 ± 13.9 and 1670 ± 946 nM, respectively. AZD3965 decreased the tumor proliferation biomarker Ki67 expression, increased intra-tumor lactate concentration, and decreased tumor volume, although tumor weight was not different from untreated controls. CHC had no effect on tumor volume and weight, or intra-tumor lactate concentration. AZD3965 treatment reduced the blood leukocyte count and spleen weight and increased lung metastasis, while CHC did not. These findings indicate AZD3965 is a potent MCT1 inhibitor that accumulates to high concentrations in 4T1 xenograft tumors, where it increases tumor lactate concentrations and produces beneficial effects on markers of TNBC; however, overall effects on tumor growth were minimal and lung metastases increased.

  • Cellular Uptake of MCT1 Inhibitors AR-C155858 and AZD3965 and Their Effects on MCT-Mediated Transport of L-Lactate in Murine 4T1 Breast Tumor Cancer Cells
    The AAPS Journal, 2019
    Co-Authors: Xiaowen Guan, Vivian Rodriguez-cruz, Marilyn E. Morris
    Abstract:

    AR-C155858 and AZD3965, pyrrole pyrimidine derivatives, represent potent monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) inhibitors, with potential immunomodulatory and chemotherapeutic properties. Currently, there is limited information on the inhibitory properties of this new class of MCT1 inhibitors. The purpose of this study was to characterize the concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of L-lactate transport and the membrane permeability properties of AR-C155858 and AZD3965 in the murine 4T1 breast tumor cells that express MCT1. Our results demonstrated time-dependent inhibition of L-lactate uptake by AR-C155858 and AZD3965 with maximal inhibition occurring after a 5-min pre-incubation period and prolonged inhibition. Following removal of AR-C155858 or AZD3965 from the incubation buffer, inhibition of L-lactate uptake was only fully reversed after 3 and 12 h, respectively, indicating that these inhibitors are slowly reversible. The uptake of AR-C155858 was concentration-dependent in 4T1 cells, whereas the uptake of AZD3965 exhibited no concentration dependence over the range of concentrations examined. The uptake kinetics of AR-C155858 was best fitted to a Michaelis-Menten equation with a diffusional clearance component, P ( K _ m  = 0.399 ± 0.067 μM, V _max = 4.79 ± 0.58 pmol/mg/min, and P  = 0.330 ± 0.088 μL/mg/min). AR-C155858 uptake, but not AZD3965 uptake, was significantly inhibited by Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid, a known nonspecific inhibitor of MCTs 1, 2, and 4. AR-C155858 demonstrated a trend toward higher uptake at lower pH, a characteristic of proton-dependent MCT1. These findings provide evidence that AR-C155858 and AZD3965 exert slowly reversible inhibition of MCT1-mediated L-lactate uptake in 4T1 cells, with AR-C155858 representing a potential substrate of MCT1.

Zbyněk Zdrahal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Improvement of MALDI-TOF MS profiling for the differentiation of species within the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex.
    Systematic and applied microbiology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ondrej Šedo, Alexandr Nemec, Lenka Křížová, Magdaléna Kačalová, Zbyněk Zdrahal
    Abstract:

    MALDI-TOF MS is currently becoming the method of choice for rapid identification of bacterial species in routine diagnostics. Yet, this method suffers from the inability to differentiate reliably between some closely related bacterial species including those of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii (ACB) complex, namely A. baumannii and Acinetobacter nosocomialis. In the present study, we evaluated a protocol which was different from that used in the Bruker Daltonics identification system (MALDI BioTyper) to improve species identification using a taxonomically precisely defined set of 105 strains representing the four validly named species of the ACB complex. The novel protocol is based on the change in matrix composition from Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid (saturated solution in water:acetonitrile:trifluoroacetic Acid, 47.5:50:2.5, v/v) to ferulic Acid (12.5mgml(-1) solution in water:acetonitrile:formic Acid 50:33:17, v/v), while the other steps of sample processing remain unchanged. Compared to the standard protocol, the novel one extended the range of detected compounds towards higher molecular weight, produced signals with better mass resolution, and allowed the detection of species-specific signals. As a result, differentiation of A. nosocomialis and A. baumannii strains by cluster analysis was improved and 13 A. nosocomialis strains, assigned erroneously or ambiguously by using the standard protocol, were correctly identified.

  • Optimization of mass spectral features in MALDI-TOF MS profiling of Acinetobacter species
    Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ondrej Šedo, Aleš Voráč, Zbyněk Zdrahal
    Abstract:

    The influence of the matrix solution, sample form and deposition technique on the quality MALDI-TOF mass spectra was examined and assessed with the aim to improve MALDI-TOF MS performance for the identification of microorganisms and to enable automatic spectra acquisition. It was observed that the use of matrix compounds ferulic and sinapinic Acid may result in improved mass spectral features, in terms of signal resolution and S/N ratio, as compared to Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid, which was, on the other hand, found to be the only matrix compound that enabled fully automatic mass spectra acquisition. The robustness of the whole sample preparation procedure was then assessed on a set of 25 strains of four Acinetobacter species. Results showed reproducible detection of subtle mass spectral differences between strains belonging to the same species, although they do not confirm the possibility of reliable strain typing.

Peter Roepstorff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sample purification and preparation technique based on nano scale reversed phase columns for the sensitive analysis of complex peptide mixtures by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry
    Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 1999
    Co-Authors: Johan Gobom, Eckhard Nordhoff, Ekaterina Mirgorodskaya, Rolf Ekman, Peter Roepstorff
    Abstract:

    A simple reversed-phase nano-column purification and sample preparation technique is described, which markedly improves the mass spectrometric analysis of complex and contaminated peptide mixtures by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI). The method is simple, fast and utilizes only low-cost disposables. After loading the sample on the column and a subsequent washing step, the analyte molecules are eluted with 50-100 nl of matrix solution directly on to the MALDI/MS target. The washing step ensures removal of a wide range of contaminants. The small bed volume of the column allows efficient sample concentration and the elution process yields very small sample spots. This simplifies the analysis and minimizes discrimination effects due to sample heterogeneity, because the desorption/ionization laser simultaneously irradiates a large portion of the sample. Taken together, these features of the method significantly improve the sensitivity for MALDI/MS analysis of contaminated peptide samples compared with the commonly used sample preparation procedures. This is demonstrated with in-gel tryptic digests of proteins from human brain that were separated by 2D gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, it is shown that with this method 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic Acid (DHB) acts as an efficient matrix for peptide mapping. Both detection sensitivity and sequence coverage are comparable to those obtained with the currently preferred matrix Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid (CHCA). The higher stability of peptide ions generated with DHB compared with CHCA is advantageous when analyzing fragile sample molecules. Therefore, the method described here is also of interest for the use of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) or ion-trap mass analyzers.

  • Does matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry allow analysis of carbohydrate heterogeneity in glycoproteins ? A study of natural human interferon-γ
    Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS, 1996
    Co-Authors: Ejvind Mørtz, Timo Sareneva, Ilkka Julkunen, Peter Roepstorff
    Abstract:

    Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is a dimeric, secretory glycoprotein produced by T-lymphocytes. The glycan micro-heterogeneity of natural human IFN-gamma was characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS) combined with glycosidase digestion. The glycan structures at the two potential glycosylation sites, asparagine 25 and 97, differ in composition and heterogeneity. The glycan at Asn 25 consists of a mixture of hybrid structures and fucosylated complex bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary structures, whereas the glycan at Asn 97 is more heterogeneous and consists of a mixture of high mannose structures, hybrid structures and unfucosylated complex bi- and tri-antennary structures. The contribution to the observed glycan heterogeneity by prompt and metastable fragmentation was evaluated by treatments with different exoglycosidases and by comparison of linear, reflected and delayed extraction MALDI/TOF mass spectra. Heterogeneity observed with the matrices Alpha-Cyano-4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic Acid and 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone was compared. Most of the heterogeneity can be attributed to native structure diversity and only to a minor extent to mass spectrometric fragmentation such as fragmentational loss of sialic Acid residues.