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Noboru Mizuno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of peripheral nerve ligation on expression of μ-opioid receptor in sensory ganglion neurons: an immunohistochemical study in dorsal root and nodose ganglion neurons of the rat
Neuroscience Letters, 1996Co-Authors: Takeshi Kaneko, Noboru MizunoAbstract:The present study was attempted to examine if mu-opioid receptor (MOR) might be transported by axonal flow peripherally through peripheral axons of somatic sensory ganglion neurons. After unilateral ligation of the sciatic nerve or the vagus nerve distal to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or nodose ganglion (NG), MOR-like immunoreactivity (MOR-LI) of neuronal cell bodies in the DRG of the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves, NG, Ambiguus Nucleus (Amb) and dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) on the side of the ligation was apparently reduced within 1 week after the nerve ligation. However, within 24 h after the nerve ligation, a transient enhancement of MOR-LI was observed in cell bodies of DRG neurons, sciatic nerve stump proximal to the ligature, and cell bodies of NG neurons on the side of the ligation; such a transient enhancement of MOR-LI was not detected in the Amb and DMV. The results suggest that MOR undergoes centrifugal axonal flow in peripheral axons of somatic and visceral sensory ganglion neurons, and that MOR synthesis in sensory ganglion neurons is vulnerable to damage of the peripheral axons.
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the sites of origin and termination of afferent and efferent components in the lingual and pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the japanese monkey macaca fuscata
Neuroscience Research, 1996Co-Authors: Takahiro Satoda, Osamu Takahashi, Chikage Murakami, Takahashi Uchida, Noboru MizunoAbstract:Abstract Afferent and efferent components in the lingual and pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal nerve (Li and Ph) of the Japanese monkey ( Macaca fuscata ) were examined. After injecting wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) unilaterally into the central cut end of the Li and Ph, or into the stylopharyngeal muscle, labeled neuronal cell bodies and terminal labeling were observed in the medulla oblongata, peripheral ganglia of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves, and cervical ganglia of the sympathetic trunk. The following conclusions were deduced from the results. The Li contains efferent fibers from the inferior salivatory Nucleus, and superior cervical ganglion. The afferent fibers in the Li are composed mainly of peripheral processes of ganglion neurons in the superior and petrous ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve, and additionally of those of ganglion neurons in the jugular ganglion of the vagus nerve. The afferent fibers in the Li terminate mainly in the lateral division of the Nucleus of the solitary tract, and additionally in the dorsal aspect of the lateral marginal region of the interpolar spinal trigeminal Nucleus. The Ph is mainly composed of efferent fibers from the Ambiguus Nucleus and superior cervical ganglion; only a small number of afferent fibers from the sensory ganglia of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves are contained in the Ph. Stylopharyngeal motoneurons are distributed in the retrofacial part of the Ambiguus Nucleus.
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Localization of μ-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity in the central components of the vagus nerve : A light and electron microscope study in the rat
Neuroscience, 1996Co-Authors: Sakashi Nomura, Yu-qiang Ding, Takeshi Kaneko, Noboru MizunoAbstract:Abstract μ-Opioid receptor, the opioid receptor that shows the highest affinity for morphine, appears to induce a variety of side-effects, at least partly, directly through the μ-opioid receptor on neurons constituting the autonomic part of the vagus nerve. Thus, in the present study, location of μ-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity in the central components of the autonomic part of the vagus nerve was examined in the rat. The intense immunoreactivity was observed light microscopically in the neuropil of the commissural subNucleus and the dorsal part of the medial subNucleus of the Nucleus of the solitary tract, and in the neuropil of the rostral half of the Ambiguus Nucleus. The immunoreactivity was moderate in the neuropil of the rostral and lateral subnuclei and ventral part of the medial subNucleus of the Nucleus of the solitary tract, and weak in the neuropil of the dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve. In the nodose ganglion, many neurons of various sizes (17–48 μm in soma diameter) showed moderate immunoreactivity. After unilateral vagotomy at a level proximal to the nodose ganglion, the immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral Ambiguus Nucleus was apparently reduced within 48 h of the operation, and completely disappeared by the seventh day after the operation. In the Nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve, the reduction of immunoreactivity after the ganglionectomy was detectable on the fourth day after the operation, and became readily apparent by the seventh day after the operation; the immunoreactivity, none the less, still remained on the 10th day after the operation. Electron microscopically, the immunoreactivity in the Ambiguus Nucleus was seen mainly on dendritic profiles and additionally on somatic ones; no immunoreactivity was detected in axonal profiles. The immunoreactivity in the dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve was observed only on dendritic profiles. The immunoreactivity in the Nucleus of the solitary tract was seen on axonal and dendritic profiles, but not on somatic profiles. The immunoreactive axon terminals in the Nucleus of the solitary tract were filled with spherical synaptic vesicles and made asymmetric synapses with dendritic profiles. The results indicate that the μ-opioid receptor in the central components of the autonomic part of the vagus nerve is located on dendrites and cell bodies of efferent neurons in the Ambiguus, on dendrites of efferent neurons in the dorsal motor Nucleus, and on axons which arise from nodose ganglion neurons and terminate in the Nucleus of the solitary tract. The receptors on these structures may constitute the targets of enkephalin-containing and β-endorphin-containing afferent axons arising from brainstem neurons. The receptors on the axon terminals of nodose ganglion neurons may be involved in regulation of the release of neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators.
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immunohistochemical localization of substance p receptor in the central nervous system of the adult rat
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1994Co-Authors: Yoshifumi Nakaya, Takeshi Kaneko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, Noboru MizunoAbstract:In an attempt to reveal the function sites of substance P (SP) in the central nervous system (CNS), the distribution of SP receptor (SPR) was immunocytochemically investigated in adult rat and compared with that of SP-positive fibers. SPR-like immunoreactivity (LI) was mostly localized to neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. Neurons with intense SPR-LI were distributed densely in the cortical amygdaloid Nucleus, hilus of the dentate gyrus, locus ceruleus, rostral half of the Ambiguus Nucleus, and intermediolateral Nucleus of the thoracic cord; moderately in the caudatoputamen, Nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, median, pontine, and magnus raphe nuclei, laminae I and III of the caudal subNucleus of the spinal trigeminal Nucleus, and lamina I of the spinal cord; and sparsely in the cerebral cortex, basal Nucleus of Meynert, claustrum, gigantocellular reticular Nucleus, and lobules IX and X of the cerebellar vermis. Neurons with weak to moderate SPR-LI were distributed more widely throughout the CNS. The regional patterns of distribution of SPR-LI were not necessarily the same as those of SP-positive fibers. The entopedunucular Nucleus, substantia nigra, and lateral part of the interpeduncular Nucleus showed intense SP-LI but displayed almost no SPR-LI. Conversely, the hilus of the dentate gyrus, anterodorsal thalamic Nucleus, central Nucleus of the inferior colliculus, and dorsal tegmental Nucleus showed intense to moderate SPR-LI but contained few axons with SP-LI. These findings confirmed the presence of the "mismatch" problem between SP and SPR localizations. However, the distribution of SPR-LI was quite consistent with that of the SP-binding activity, which has been studied via autoradiography. This indicates that the sites of SPR-LI revealed in the present study represent most, if not all, sites of SP-binding activity.
Clara Matesz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Termination of trigeminal primary afferents on glossopharyngeal-vagal motoneurons: possible neural networks underlying the swallowing phase and visceromotor responses of prey-catching behavior.
Brain research bulletin, 2013Co-Authors: Szilvia Kecskes, Clara Matesz, András BirinyiAbstract:Prey-catching behavior (PCB) of the frog consists of a sequence of coordinated activity of muscles which is modified by various sensory signals. The aim of the present study was, for the first time, to examine the involvement of the trigeminal afferents in the swallowing phase of PCB. Experiments were performed on Rana esculenta, where the trigeminal and glossopharyngeal (IX)-vagus (X) nerves were labeled simultaneously with different fluorescent dyes. Using confocal laser scanning microscope, close appositions were detected between the trigeminal afferent fibers and somatodendritic components of the IX-X motoneurons of the Ambiguus Nucleus (NA). Neurolucida reconstruction revealed spatial distribution of the trigeminal afferents in the functionally different parts of the NA. Thus, the visceromotor neurons supplying the stomach, the heart and the lung received about two third of the trigeminal contacts followed by the pharyngomotor and then by the laryngomotor neurons. On the other hand, individual motoneurons responsible for innervation of the viscera received less trigeminal terminals than the neurons supplying the muscles of the pharynx. The results suggest that the direct contacts between the trigeminal afferents and IX-X motoneurons presented here may be one of the morphological substrate of a very quick response during the swallowing phase of PCB. Combination of direct and indirect trigeminal inputs may contribute to optimize the ongoing motor execution.
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Vestibular afferents to the motoneurons of glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves in the frog, Rana esculenta.
Brain Research, 2009Co-Authors: Adam Deak, Tímea Bácskai, Gábor Veress, Clara MateszAbstract:The aim of this work was to study whether the vestibular afferent fibers establish direct connections with the motoneurons of glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves of the frog, Rana esculenta. In anaesthetized animals the vestibulocochlear nerve and the common root of glossopharyngeal-vagus and accessory (IX-X-XI) nerves were simultaneously labeled with fluorescein dextran amine (vestibulocochlear nerve) and tetramethylrhodamine dextran amine (IX-X-XI). With a confocal laser scanning microscope we could detect close appositions between the vestibular afferent fibers and somatodendritic components of the general and special visceral motoneurons of the Ambiguus Nucleus of IX-X nerves. The direct impulse transmission may provide a quick and immediate response of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal system upon body displacement.
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Organization of the Ambiguus Nucleus in the frog (Rana esculenta)
The Journal of comparative neurology, 1996Co-Authors: Clara Matesz, George SzékelyAbstract:The common root of the glossopharyngeal, vagal, and accessory nerves and the individual branches of the vagus complex were labeled with cobalt, and the organization of the Ambiguus Nucleus was studied. The cell column labeled through the common root extended from the upper part of the medulla to the rostral spinal cord over a distance of about 3,500 μm. The labeling of individual branches revealed four subdivisions. 1) The pharyngomotor subdivision occupied the rostral 800 μm of the cell column. It gave origin to the innervation of the pharyngeal muscles. 2) The visceromotor subdivision, consisting of small and medium-sized cells labeled by way of the visceral branches of the vagus, was found in the rostrocaudal extent of the medulla. 3) The laryngomotor subdivision extended in the obex region over a distance of more than 1,000 μm. It supplied the sphincter muscles of the larynx. The dilator laryngeal muscle was represented in the rostral part of the visceromotor subdivision. 4) The accessory nerve subdivision was located in the lower medulla and the rostral spinal cord. From the results, the following conclusions are drawn. 1) The basic organization of the frog Ambiguus Nucleus is comparable to that of the rat, differences in nuclear organization reflecting differences in peripheral structures. 2) The cytoarchitectonic structure of the four subdivisions innervating different peripheral targets characteristically differ from each other. 3) On the basis of its characteristic neuronal morphology, the accessory nerve Nucleus is regarded as an independent structure. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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the efferent system of cranial nerve nuclei a comparative neuromorphological study
1993Co-Authors: George Székely, Clara MateszAbstract:1 Introduction.- 1.1 Theories Regarding the Evolution of the Head.- 1.2 The Classification of Cranial Nerves.- 1.3 Inconsistencies and Contradictions in the Classification of Cranial Nerves.- 2 Materials and Methods.- 3 The Hypoglossal Nucleus: The Appearance of the Muscular Tongue.- 3.1 Frog.- 3.2 Lizard.- 3.3 Rat.- 3.4 Conclusion.- 4 The Control of Patterned Eye Movements: The Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Nuclei.- 4.1 The Positions of the Eye Moving Nuclei and the Organization of Muscle Innervation.- 4.2 Neuronal Morphology in the Eye Moving Nuclei.- 4.2.1 Frog.- 4.2.2 Lizard.- 4.2.3 Rat.- 4.3 Conclusion.- 5 The Protection of the Eye: The Accessory Abducens Nucleus.- 5.1 The Position of the Accessory Abducens Nucleus.- 5.2 The Neuronal Morphology in the Accessory Abducens Nucleus.- 5.3 The Function of the Accessorius Abducens-Retractor Bulbi System.- 5.4 Conclusion.- 6 Control of Jaw Movements and Facial Expression: The Trigeminal and Facial Nuclei.- 6.1 The Primary Mandibular Joint and Its Muscles.- 6.2 The Secondary Mandibular Joint and Its Muscles.- 6.3 The Control of Movements at the Primary Mandibular Joint: The Amphibian and Sauropsidian Trigeminal and Facial Nuclei.- 6.3.1 Frog.- 6.3.2 Lizard.- 6.3.3 Bird.- 6.4 The Control of Movement at the Secondary Mandibular Joint: The Mammalian Trigeminal Nucleus.- 6.5 The Control of Facial Expression: The Mammalian Facial Nucleus.- 6.6 Conclusion.- 7 The Muscles of the Middle Ear.- 7.1 The Central Innervation of the Tensor Tympani.- 7.2 The Central Innervation of the Stapedius.- 7.3 Conclusion.- 8 Deglutition and Phonation: The Ambiguus Nucleus.- 8.1 The Innervated Periphery.- 8.2 The Structure and Cytoarchitecture of the Ambiguus Nucleus.- 8.2.1 Frog.- 8.2.2 Lizard.- 8.2.3 Rat.- 8.2.3.1 The Position and Structure of the Ambiguus Nucleus.- 8.2.3.2 Somatotopic Organization of the Ambiguus Nucleus.- 8.3 Conclusion.- 8.3.1 Species Differences.- 8.3.2 Cytoarchitecture of the Ambiguus Nucleus.- 8.3.3 The Relation to the Accessory Nerve Nucleus.- 9 The Control of Head Movements: The Accessory Nerve Nucleus.- 9.1 The Periphery.- 9.2 The Accessory Nerve.- 9.3 The Topography and Cytoarchitecture of the Accessory Nerve Nucleus.- 9.3.1 Frog.- 9.3.2 Lizard.- 9.3.3 Rat.- 9.3.4 Conclusion.- 10 Neurons of the Cranial Parasympathetic Outflow.- 10.1 The Edinger-Westphal Nucleus and Ciliary Ganglion System.- 10.1.1 The Periphery.- 10.1.2 The Central Nucleus.- 10.2 The Medullary Parasympathetic Outflow.- 10.2.1 The Peripheral Targets.- 10.2.2 The Distribution of the Preganglionic Neurons.- 10.2.2.1 Rat.- 10.2.2.2 Lizard.- 10.2.2.3 Frog.- 10.2.3 The Organization of the Medullary Preganglionic Neurons.- 10.3 Conclusion.- 11 General Conclusions.- 11.1 The Arrangement of Cranial Nerve Motor Nuclei.- 11.2 Comments on the Morphological Classification.- 11.3 Trends in the Evolution of Cranial Nerve Nuclei.- 11.4 Corollary Considerations.- 11.5 Summary.- References.
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Deglutition and Phonation: The Ambiguus Nucleus
Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology, 1993Co-Authors: George Székely, Clara MateszAbstract:The dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus is traditionally included in the efferent nuclear complex of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves. Since this Nucleus innervates viscera and also possesses a facial component, it will be discussed in the brain stem vegetative system. Here we focus on the central innervation of the branchiogenic striated musculature in the region of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves.
Takeshi Kaneko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of peripheral nerve ligation on expression of μ-opioid receptor in sensory ganglion neurons: an immunohistochemical study in dorsal root and nodose ganglion neurons of the rat
Neuroscience Letters, 1996Co-Authors: Takeshi Kaneko, Noboru MizunoAbstract:The present study was attempted to examine if mu-opioid receptor (MOR) might be transported by axonal flow peripherally through peripheral axons of somatic sensory ganglion neurons. After unilateral ligation of the sciatic nerve or the vagus nerve distal to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or nodose ganglion (NG), MOR-like immunoreactivity (MOR-LI) of neuronal cell bodies in the DRG of the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves, NG, Ambiguus Nucleus (Amb) and dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) on the side of the ligation was apparently reduced within 1 week after the nerve ligation. However, within 24 h after the nerve ligation, a transient enhancement of MOR-LI was observed in cell bodies of DRG neurons, sciatic nerve stump proximal to the ligature, and cell bodies of NG neurons on the side of the ligation; such a transient enhancement of MOR-LI was not detected in the Amb and DMV. The results suggest that MOR undergoes centrifugal axonal flow in peripheral axons of somatic and visceral sensory ganglion neurons, and that MOR synthesis in sensory ganglion neurons is vulnerable to damage of the peripheral axons.
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Localization of μ-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity in the central components of the vagus nerve : A light and electron microscope study in the rat
Neuroscience, 1996Co-Authors: Sakashi Nomura, Yu-qiang Ding, Takeshi Kaneko, Noboru MizunoAbstract:Abstract μ-Opioid receptor, the opioid receptor that shows the highest affinity for morphine, appears to induce a variety of side-effects, at least partly, directly through the μ-opioid receptor on neurons constituting the autonomic part of the vagus nerve. Thus, in the present study, location of μ-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity in the central components of the autonomic part of the vagus nerve was examined in the rat. The intense immunoreactivity was observed light microscopically in the neuropil of the commissural subNucleus and the dorsal part of the medial subNucleus of the Nucleus of the solitary tract, and in the neuropil of the rostral half of the Ambiguus Nucleus. The immunoreactivity was moderate in the neuropil of the rostral and lateral subnuclei and ventral part of the medial subNucleus of the Nucleus of the solitary tract, and weak in the neuropil of the dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve. In the nodose ganglion, many neurons of various sizes (17–48 μm in soma diameter) showed moderate immunoreactivity. After unilateral vagotomy at a level proximal to the nodose ganglion, the immunoreactivity in the ipsilateral Ambiguus Nucleus was apparently reduced within 48 h of the operation, and completely disappeared by the seventh day after the operation. In the Nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve, the reduction of immunoreactivity after the ganglionectomy was detectable on the fourth day after the operation, and became readily apparent by the seventh day after the operation; the immunoreactivity, none the less, still remained on the 10th day after the operation. Electron microscopically, the immunoreactivity in the Ambiguus Nucleus was seen mainly on dendritic profiles and additionally on somatic ones; no immunoreactivity was detected in axonal profiles. The immunoreactivity in the dorsal motor Nucleus of the vagus nerve was observed only on dendritic profiles. The immunoreactivity in the Nucleus of the solitary tract was seen on axonal and dendritic profiles, but not on somatic profiles. The immunoreactive axon terminals in the Nucleus of the solitary tract were filled with spherical synaptic vesicles and made asymmetric synapses with dendritic profiles. The results indicate that the μ-opioid receptor in the central components of the autonomic part of the vagus nerve is located on dendrites and cell bodies of efferent neurons in the Ambiguus, on dendrites of efferent neurons in the dorsal motor Nucleus, and on axons which arise from nodose ganglion neurons and terminate in the Nucleus of the solitary tract. The receptors on these structures may constitute the targets of enkephalin-containing and β-endorphin-containing afferent axons arising from brainstem neurons. The receptors on the axon terminals of nodose ganglion neurons may be involved in regulation of the release of neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators.
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immunohistochemical localization of substance p receptor in the central nervous system of the adult rat
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 1994Co-Authors: Yoshifumi Nakaya, Takeshi Kaneko, Ryuichi Shigemoto, Shigetada Nakanishi, Noboru MizunoAbstract:In an attempt to reveal the function sites of substance P (SP) in the central nervous system (CNS), the distribution of SP receptor (SPR) was immunocytochemically investigated in adult rat and compared with that of SP-positive fibers. SPR-like immunoreactivity (LI) was mostly localized to neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. Neurons with intense SPR-LI were distributed densely in the cortical amygdaloid Nucleus, hilus of the dentate gyrus, locus ceruleus, rostral half of the Ambiguus Nucleus, and intermediolateral Nucleus of the thoracic cord; moderately in the caudatoputamen, Nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle, median, pontine, and magnus raphe nuclei, laminae I and III of the caudal subNucleus of the spinal trigeminal Nucleus, and lamina I of the spinal cord; and sparsely in the cerebral cortex, basal Nucleus of Meynert, claustrum, gigantocellular reticular Nucleus, and lobules IX and X of the cerebellar vermis. Neurons with weak to moderate SPR-LI were distributed more widely throughout the CNS. The regional patterns of distribution of SPR-LI were not necessarily the same as those of SP-positive fibers. The entopedunucular Nucleus, substantia nigra, and lateral part of the interpeduncular Nucleus showed intense SP-LI but displayed almost no SPR-LI. Conversely, the hilus of the dentate gyrus, anterodorsal thalamic Nucleus, central Nucleus of the inferior colliculus, and dorsal tegmental Nucleus showed intense to moderate SPR-LI but contained few axons with SP-LI. These findings confirmed the presence of the "mismatch" problem between SP and SPR localizations. However, the distribution of SPR-LI was quite consistent with that of the SP-binding activity, which has been studied via autoradiography. This indicates that the sites of SPR-LI revealed in the present study represent most, if not all, sites of SP-binding activity.
C. Y. Chai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The relationship between FTL and NA, DMV or CVLM in central cardiovascular control.
The Chinese journal of physiology, 2001Co-Authors: J. H. Hsieh, Y C Chang, J. L. Chung, M C Hsiao, S C Chen, Chen-tung Yen, C. Y. ChaiAbstract:The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between the lateral tegmental field (FTL), a cardioinhibitory area, with other cardioinhibitory areas, i.e., the Ambiguus Nucleus (NA) and the dorsal motor Nucleus of vagus (DMV) and the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM), a vasopressor inhibitory area. In 55 cats anesthetized with chloralose (40 mg/kg) and urethane (400 mg/kg), the cardiovascular responses of heart rate (HR), systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. The FTL, NA, DMV and CVLM were identified first by stimulation (rectangular pulses in 80 Hz, 0.5 ms, 50-100 μA) and then confirmed by microinjection of sodium glutamate (Glu, 0.25M, 70 nl). In studying the influence of NA, DMV, or CVLM lesion on the Gluinduced responses in FTL, kainic acid (KA, 24 mM, 100 nl) was microinjected into the NA, DMV or CVLM. FTL stimulation produced an average decrease of HR by 55 %. After KA lesioning of the ipsilateral NA or the DMV, the decreased HR induced by FTL was significantly diminished. After subsequent lesion of the contralateral DMV or NA, the bradycardia of FTL was abolished. The reduction of resting HR was more intense after lesioning the NA than DMV and with the left side more than that of the right side. These studies suggest that the cardioinhibitory responses of FTL are mediated through both NA and DMV with predominance of the former, while the hypotensive effect of FTL is mediated through CVLM. The precise pathway responsible for the FTL-induced bradycardia and hypotension is to be determined.
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Glutamate activation of neurons in CV-reactive areas of cat brain stem affects urinary bladder motility
American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology, 1993Co-Authors: Shao-rui Chen, S. D. Wang, Chen Li Cheng, J. S. Kuo, W. C. De Groat, C. Y. ChaiAbstract:To investigate the interaction between cardiovascular (CV)-reactive areas in the brain stem and urinary bladder (UB) motility, 48 adult cats of either sex were anesthetized intraperitoneally with alpha-chloralose (40 mg/kg) and urethan (400 mg/kg). The changes of UB motility and systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) were produced by microinjection of sodium glutamate (0.5 M, 100-200 nl) into the pressor, depressor, or vagobradycardiac areas of the brain stem. Stimulation of these CV-reactive areas increased or decreased UB motility. Areas that produced an increase in UB motility listed in decreasing order of effectiveness are locus ceruleus-parabrachial Nucleus in the pons, dorsal medulla, dorsal motor Nucleus of vagus, and ventrolateral medulla. Areas eliciting a decrease in UB motility listed in decreasing order are gigantocellular tegmental field, parvocellular reticular Nucleus, and Ambiguus Nucleus. Stimulation of other pressor sites in medulla also increased UB motility. Activation of the paramedia...
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Glutamate activation of neurons in CV-reactive areas of cat brain stem affects urinary bladder motility.
The American journal of physiology, 1993Co-Authors: S Y Chen, S. D. Wang, Chen Li Cheng, J. S. Kuo, W. C. De Groat, C. Y. ChaiAbstract:To investigate the interaction between cardiovascular (CV)-reactive areas in the brain stem and urinary bladder (UB) motility, 48 adult cats of either sex were anesthetized intraperitoneally with alpha-chloralose (40 mg/kg) and urethan (400 mg/kg). The changes of UB motility and systemic arterial blood pressure (SAP) were produced by microinjection of sodium glutamate (0.5 M, 100-200 nl) into the pressor, depressor, or vagobradycardiac areas of the brain stem. Stimulation of these CV-reactive areas increased or decreased UB motility. Areas that produced an increase in UB motility listed in decreasing order of effectiveness are locus ceruleus-parabrachial Nucleus in the pons, dorsal medulla, dorsal motor Nucleus of vagus, and ventrolateral medulla. Areas eliciting a decrease in UB motility listed in decreasing order are gigantocellular tegmental field, parvocellular reticular Nucleus, and Ambiguus Nucleus. Stimulation of other pressor sites in medulla also increased UB motility. Activation of the paramedian reticular Nucleus, which consistently produced depressor responses, and activation of raphe nuclei, which produced depressor or pressor responses, consistently decreased UB motility. The integrity of the vagus nerve was not essential for the UB response to brain stimulation. These findings indicate that neuronal mechanisms for controlling UB and CV functions coexist at many sites in the brain stem. At those sites that commonly produce changes in UB motility, the type of UB response (excitation or inhibition) was in the same direction as the change of SAP. However, at some sites responses were inverse. It is not known whether the responses of the UB and CV system are controlled by common or separate populations of neurons at these sites.
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Afferent and efferent connections of the paramedian reticular Nucleus in the brain stem of cats.
The Chinese journal of physiology, 1992Co-Authors: C. M. Pan, S. D. Wang, C. Y. Chang, H.t. Horng, A. M. Y. Lin, C. Y. ChaiAbstract:Pan, C.M., S.D. Wang, C.Y. Chang, H.T. Horng, A.M.Y. Lin, and C.Y. Chai, Afferent and efferent connections of the paramedian reticular Nucleus in the brain stem of cats. Chinese J. Physiol. 35(3): 181-196, 1992. Anatomical connections of the paramedian reticular Nucleus (PRN) of the caudal medulla were investigated using a bi-directional tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The followings were observed when the tracer was microinjected to PRN: A. Both labelled neurons and terminals were found in the areas of the mesencephalic cardioinhibitory mechanism (CIM), the gigantocellular reticular Nucleus (GRN), the Ambiguus Nucleus (AN) and the contralateral PRN. B. Only labelled terminals were demonstrated in the area of the Nucleus of solitary tract (NTS) and the intermedial lateral cell column (IML) of the spinal cord. C. Only retrogradely labelled neurons were observed in the areas of the dorsal and dorsomedial medulla (DM) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM). A few labelled neurons were observed in the periaqueductal gray, the cuneiform Nucleus and superior colliculus of the mesencephalon as well as the alamina spinal trigeminal Nucleus. When HRP was applied to the CIM, GRN or AN structures, respectively, both labelled cells and terminals were found in the PRN area. HRP injection in the VLM showed only labelled terminals in the PRN. However, injection of HRP to DM showed neither labelling neurons nor terminals in PRN. Results suggest that PRN projects to the pressor area of DM/NTS and IML through which PRN could exert its inhibitory functions on the sympathetic pressor actions. In addition, PRN may suppress the vagal bradycardiac action through its reciprocal connections with CIM, GRN and AN. No lateralization in the PRN pathway was evident.
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Afferent and efferent connections of the mesencephalic cardioinhibitory area (CIM) in the cat
The Chinese journal of physiology, 1991Co-Authors: C. M. Pan, S. D. Wang, A. M. Y. Lin, C. Y. ChaiAbstract:Pan, C.M., A.M.Y. Lin, S.D. Wang, and C.Y. Chai. Afferent and efferent connections of the mesencephalic cardioinhibitory area (CIM) in the cat. Chinese J. Physiol. 34(3): 267-286, 1991. The afferent and efferent connections between the cardioinhibitory area in the midbrain tegmental field (CIM) and brain stem structures related to cardiovascular integration in cats were investigated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for both cell origins and axonal terminations and by chemical (kainic acid) lesion for topographic pathways. Retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in the gigantocellular reticular Nucleus (GRN), the pontine reticular Nucleus of the pons (PON), the Ambiguus Nucleus (AN) and the paramedian reticular Nucleus (PRN). A few neurons were also labeled in the following structures i.e., ventrolateral medulla (VLM), dorsomedial medulla (DMM), dorsomotor Nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) and Nucleus of solitary tract (NTS). Anterograde HRP labeled terminals were found surrounding the cell bodies of the aforementioned structures. They were most abundant in VLM, DMM, DMV, NTS, moderate in GRN, PRN and AN, but only scanty in hypothalamus. The fiber pathway of CIM neurons was also traced by degenerating fibers consequent to kainic acid lesion and by means of silver stain. Degenerating fiber bundle was found primarily projecting through the medial portion of the mesencephalic pontine structures. As the bundle reached the medulla oblongata, it bifurcated into a dorsal and a ventral tracts on its course. The dorsal tract was primarily coursing through the dorsomedial area, including DMM, NTS and DMV, and the ventral tract was mainly passing VLM, AN and inferior olivary Nucleus (ION) areas. The present findings suggest that neurons in the CIM may receive inputs from various cardiovascular-related structures and make output bilaterally to some of pontine and medullary structures to modulate cardiovascular functions. Based on the anatomical findings, the profound bradycardia produced by CIM stimulation may be mediated through the following mechanisms: A. Direct activation of vagal preganglionic neurons in DMV, AN and ION. B. Indirect activation of neurons in GRN for vagal activation and of neurons in PRN for sympathetic inhibition.
Toshio Terashima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ambiguus motoneurons innervating laryngeal and esophageal muscles are malpositioned in the Reelin-deficient mutant rat, Shaking Rat Kawasaki
Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2007Co-Authors: Kaheita Hirasugi, Yasuo Hisa, Tomiyoshi Setsu, Toshio TerashimaAbstract:Conclusions. The present study confirmed that Ambiguus motoneurons innervating intrinsic laryngeal and esophageal muscles are radially malpositioned in the brainstem of the Shaking Rat Kawasaki (SRK), a reelin-deficient mutant rat. Objectives. Ambiguus motoneurons innervating the striated muscles of the larynx and esophagus take a long migration from their original birth plate in the floor of the fourth ventricle to their final settlement in the ventral margin of the medulla oblongata. To examine whether the migration of Ambiguus Nucleus neurons is affected in SRK, we studied localization of Ambiguus motoneurons of postnatal day 21 (P21) normal and SRK rats. Materials and methods. To label Ambiguus motoneurons retrogradely, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into some laryngeal muscles including cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, and the cervical and abdominal esophageal muscles of the SRK and normal controls 2 days before sacrifice. Results. In the P21 normal rat, H...
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Branchiogenic motoneurons innervating facial, masticatory, and esophageal muscles show aberrant distribution in the reeler-phenotype mutant rat, Shaking Rat Kawasaki.
The Journal of Comparative Neurology, 2001Co-Authors: Tomiyoshi Setsu, Yayoi Ikeda, Peter L. Woodhams, Toshio TerashimaAbstract:Shaking Rat Kawasaki (SRK) is an autosomal recessive mutant rat that is characterized by cerebellar ataxia. Although previous studies indicated many points of similarity between this mutant rat and the reeler mouse, nonlaminated structures such as the facial Nucleus have not been studied in this mutant rat. Nissl-stained sections through the brainstem showed that the cytoarchitecture of the facial, motor trigeminal, and Ambiguus nuclei was abnormal in SRK, especially in the lateral cell group of the facial Nucleus and the compact formation of the Ambiguus Nucleus. To examine whether orofacial motoneurons are also malpositioned in the SRK rat, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the facial, masticatory, and abdominal esophageal muscles of the SRK rats and normal controls to label facial, trigeminal, and Ambiguus motoneurons, respectively. HRP-labeled facial, trigeminal, and Ambiguus motoneurons of the SRK rat were distributed more widely than those of their normal counterparts, as in the case of the reeler mouse, with the one exception that labeled facial motoneurons innervating the nasolabial muscle were distributed more widely in the ventrolateral-to-dorsomedial direction in comparison with those of the reeler mutant. These data demonstrate that nonlaminated structures in the brainstem of the SRK rat are affected severely, as is the case in the reeler mutant mouse. J. Comp. Neurol. 439:275–290, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.