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Marco Del Giudice - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • sex biased ratio of avoidant Ambivalent Attachment in middle childhood
    British Journal of Development Psychology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Marco Del Giudice
    Abstract:

    In this study, new evidence is presented of marked sex differences in the distribution of insecure Attachment patterns in middle childhood. Attachment was assessed with the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST) in a sample of 122 Italian 7-yearolds. The four-way distribution of Attachment patterns was significantly unbalanced, with insecure boys more often avoidant (27%) than Ambivalent (2%), and insecure girls more often Ambivalent (25%) than avoidant (4%). In addition, boys were rated as more severely disorganized than girls on a continuous disorganization score. A survey of previous literature strongly collaborates these findings, showing that similar Attachment distributions have been obtained cross-culturally (US, Canada, and Israel) in nearly all of the (relatively few) studies in which children’s sex had been taken into account. It is argued that sex biases in Attachment avoidance/ambivalence become apparent starting at about 6‐7 years, in contrast with the lack of sex-related effects in infancy and early childhood, and probably anticipate the pattern of sex differences found in adults with romantic Attachment questionnaires. In this report, evidence will be provided that, in contrast with common assumptions, the distribution of children’s Attachment patterns shows marked sex-related effects. Apparently starting from middle childhood (i.e. about 7–11 years), insecure patterns become highly sex-biased, with males showing a prevalence of avoidant (A) patterns and females showing an opposite majority of Ambivalent (C) patterns. A review of the literature reveals that this effect has been previously reported by a number of investigators in different nations, but it has never been recognized as a genuine feature of Attachment development, nor discussed in any depth. The aim of the present paper is thus twofold: (1) to bring the relevant evidence together and (2) to add supporting data from a new region (Italy). It is hoped that pointing out this effect will prompt researchers to pay more attention to possible sex differences in Attachment styles, and to start investigating their causes both theoretically and empirically.

  • Sex‐biased ratio of avoidant/Ambivalent Attachment in middle childhood
    British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Marco Del Giudice
    Abstract:

    In this study, new evidence is presented of marked sex differences in the distribution of insecure Attachment patterns in middle childhood. Attachment was assessed with the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task (MCAST) in a sample of 122 Italian 7-yearolds. The four-way distribution of Attachment patterns was significantly unbalanced, with insecure boys more often avoidant (27%) than Ambivalent (2%), and insecure girls more often Ambivalent (25%) than avoidant (4%). In addition, boys were rated as more severely disorganized than girls on a continuous disorganization score. A survey of previous literature strongly collaborates these findings, showing that similar Attachment distributions have been obtained cross-culturally (US, Canada, and Israel) in nearly all of the (relatively few) studies in which children’s sex had been taken into account. It is argued that sex biases in Attachment avoidance/ambivalence become apparent starting at about 6‐7 years, in contrast with the lack of sex-related effects in infancy and early childhood, and probably anticipate the pattern of sex differences found in adults with romantic Attachment questionnaires. In this report, evidence will be provided that, in contrast with common assumptions, the distribution of children’s Attachment patterns shows marked sex-related effects. Apparently starting from middle childhood (i.e. about 7–11 years), insecure patterns become highly sex-biased, with males showing a prevalence of avoidant (A) patterns and females showing an opposite majority of Ambivalent (C) patterns. A review of the literature reveals that this effect has been previously reported by a number of investigators in different nations, but it has never been recognized as a genuine feature of Attachment development, nor discussed in any depth. The aim of the present paper is thus twofold: (1) to bring the relevant evidence together and (2) to add supporting data from a new region (Italy). It is hoped that pointing out this effect will prompt researchers to pay more attention to possible sex differences in Attachment styles, and to start investigating their causes both theoretically and empirically.

M H Van Ijzendoorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • agoraphobia and anxious Ambivalent Attachment an integrative review
    Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1992
    Co-Authors: C De Ruiter, M H Van Ijzendoorn
    Abstract:

    Abstract Attachment theory proposes that internal working models of attechment, that is, mental representations of Attachment relationships, are shaped in childhood experiences with primary caregivers. It is hypothesized that an anxious-Ambivalent internal working model of attechment is a risk factor for the development of agoraphobia. Indirect support for this hypothesis was obtained from a meta-analysis of four studies on parental caregiving style and from a secondary analysis of six studies on childhood separation anxiety in adults agoraphobics and normal and clinical control subjects. However, anxious-Ambivalent Attachment does not seem to be specific to agoraphobia alone, but appears to play an etiological role in other mental disorders as well. Suggestions for future research are offered.

  • Journal of Anxiety Disorders - Agoraphobia and anxious-Ambivalent Attachment : an integrative review
    Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1992
    Co-Authors: C De Ruiter, M H Van Ijzendoorn
    Abstract:

    Abstract Attachment theory proposes that internal working models of attechment, that is, mental representations of Attachment relationships, are shaped in childhood experiences with primary caregivers. It is hypothesized that an anxious-Ambivalent internal working model of attechment is a risk factor for the development of agoraphobia. Indirect support for this hypothesis was obtained from a meta-analysis of four studies on parental caregiving style and from a secondary analysis of six studies on childhood separation anxiety in adults agoraphobics and normal and clinical control subjects. However, anxious-Ambivalent Attachment does not seem to be specific to agoraphobia alone, but appears to play an etiological role in other mental disorders as well. Suggestions for future research are offered.

Jawaher Masmoudi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Attachment representations in a population of elderly subjects
    European Psychiatry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Moalla, A. Ktata, D. Triqui, Rami Sellami, Imen Baati, Ines Feki, I. Abida, Jawaher Masmoudi
    Abstract:

    Introduction According to Attachment theory, Attachment relationships have a lasting impact on the functioning of the individual. If this impact has been much studied in children, few studies have been conducted in the elderly. Objectives Explore the representations of Attachment in a population of elderly subjects. Methods The sample consists of 90 consultants over the age of 65. Each participant filled out demographic questionnaire, Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ): questionnaire of 13 items, each item rated from 1 to 5, a lower score attests a more secure Attachment and Adult Attachment Questionnaire: a categorical scale of 3 statements. Statement 1 corresponds to secure Attachment style, 2 to avoidant Attachment style and 3 to anxious-Ambivalent Attachment style. Results The age of participants ranged from 65 to 95 years with an average of 68.14. The sex ratio M:F was 0.8. The RSQ Score ranged from 16 to 56 with an average of 37.27. Of the participants, 72.2% have secure Attachment style, 24.4% have an avoidant Attachment style and 3.3% have an anxious-Ambivalent Attachment style. The study of correlations showed strong correlation between the two scales (P = 0.00) and the RSQ score was significantly associated with poor satisfaction of married life (P = 0.025), presence of psychological trauma in childhood (P = 0.016) and a separation experience (P = 0.029). Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of early childhood experiences that may impact late adult life. These finding are in accordance with Attachment theory.

  • Attachment representations in a population of elderly subjects
    European Psychiatry, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mohamed Moalla, A. Ktata, D. Triqui, Rami Sellami, Imen Baati, Ines Feki, I. Abida, Jawaher Masmoudi
    Abstract:

    Introduction According to Attachment theory, Attachment relationships have a lasting impact on the functioning of the individual. If this impact has been much studied in children, few studies have been conducted in the elderly. Objectives Explore the representations of Attachment in a population of elderly subjects. Methods The sample consists of 90 consultants over the age of 65. Each participant filled out demographic questionnaire, Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ): questionnaire of 13 items, each item rated from 1 to 5, a lower score attests a more secure Attachment and Adult Attachment Questionnaire: a categorical scale of 3 statements. Statement 1 corresponds to secure Attachment style, 2 to avoidant Attachment style and 3 to anxious-Ambivalent Attachment style. Results The age of participants ranged from 65 to 95 years with an average of 68.14. The sex ratio M:F was 0.8. The RSQ Score ranged from 16 to 56 with an average of 37.27. Of the participants, 72.2% have secure Attachment style, 24.4% have an avoidant Attachment style and 3.3% have an anxious-Ambivalent Attachment style. The study of correlations showed strong correlation between the two scales (P = 0.00) and the RSQ score was significantly associated with poor satisfaction of married life (P = 0.025), presence of psychological trauma in childhood (P = 0.016) and a separation experience (P = 0.029). Conclusion Our study highlights the importance of early childhood experiences that may impact late adult life. These finding are in accordance with Attachment theory.

David M. Buss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Attachment strategies across sex, ontogeny, and relationship type
    Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 2009
    Co-Authors: Cari D. Goetz, Carin Perilloux, David M. Buss
    Abstract:

    We propose that middle childhood female Ambivalent Attachment, given the adaptive problem of uncertainty of future investment, is designed to evoke immediate investment from current caregivers, rather than new investment sources. We suggest greater specificity of strategic Attachment solutions to adaptive problems that differ by sex, time, and relationship type.

C De Ruiter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • agoraphobia and anxious Ambivalent Attachment an integrative review
    Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1992
    Co-Authors: C De Ruiter, M H Van Ijzendoorn
    Abstract:

    Abstract Attachment theory proposes that internal working models of attechment, that is, mental representations of Attachment relationships, are shaped in childhood experiences with primary caregivers. It is hypothesized that an anxious-Ambivalent internal working model of attechment is a risk factor for the development of agoraphobia. Indirect support for this hypothesis was obtained from a meta-analysis of four studies on parental caregiving style and from a secondary analysis of six studies on childhood separation anxiety in adults agoraphobics and normal and clinical control subjects. However, anxious-Ambivalent Attachment does not seem to be specific to agoraphobia alone, but appears to play an etiological role in other mental disorders as well. Suggestions for future research are offered.

  • Journal of Anxiety Disorders - Agoraphobia and anxious-Ambivalent Attachment : an integrative review
    Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 1992
    Co-Authors: C De Ruiter, M H Van Ijzendoorn
    Abstract:

    Abstract Attachment theory proposes that internal working models of attechment, that is, mental representations of Attachment relationships, are shaped in childhood experiences with primary caregivers. It is hypothesized that an anxious-Ambivalent internal working model of attechment is a risk factor for the development of agoraphobia. Indirect support for this hypothesis was obtained from a meta-analysis of four studies on parental caregiving style and from a secondary analysis of six studies on childhood separation anxiety in adults agoraphobics and normal and clinical control subjects. However, anxious-Ambivalent Attachment does not seem to be specific to agoraphobia alone, but appears to play an etiological role in other mental disorders as well. Suggestions for future research are offered.