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Antonio Arnaiz-villena - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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HLA-G in Amerindians: Epidemiology and Worldwide Population Comparison
Open Medicine Journal, 2018Co-Authors: Antonio Arnaiz-villena, Mercedes Enriquez-de-salamanca, Jose De Palacio-grüber, Ester Muñiz, Cristina Campos, Ignacio Juarez, Jorge Nieto, José Manuel Martín-villaAbstract:Background:HLA-G molecules are immunosuppressive and avoid fetal rejection by giving negative signals to maternal immune system from fetal trophoblast cell surface. HLA-G genes have been associated to different pathologies: Spontaneous abortions, autoimmunity, tumor progression, transplant rejection and infection. In addition, different World populations show remarkable different HLA-G allele frequencies in the allele that does not produce a full HLA-G molecule (HLA-G*05N); this allele is almost absent in studied Amerindians.Objectives:The aim is to study HLA-A.-B,-DRB1 and –G alleles and extended haplotypes in Amerindians for the first time. This may be useful to asses HLA-G epidemiology, association to disease and Preventive Medicine in Amerindians.Methods:HLA-A,-B and -DRB1 have been typed by using standard automatic protocols. HLA-G alleles have been detected by direct HLA-G exon 2, exon 3 and exon 4 DNA sequencing. Computer calculations have been done by specific standard methods.Results:HLA-A,-B,-DRB1 and –G extended haplotypes have been calculated in Amerindians for the first time. Also, their HLA-G frequencies have been compared with worldwide populations.Conclusion:Low frequencies of null HLA-G*01:05N allele are found in Amerindians. The extended haplotypes with this allele bear other typical Amerindian HLA-DRB1 alleles and its origin is discussed. HLA-G allele frequency profile is closer to that of Europeans than to that of Far East Asians. Our findings are useful to Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology associated to Fertility and HLA-G associated pathology and transplantation.
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HLA genes in Barranquilla (North Colombia): Searching for cryptic Amerindian genes.
Human immunology, 2017Co-Authors: Antonio Arnaiz-villena, Jose De Palacio-grüber, Ester Muñiz, Cristina Campos, Eduardo Gomez-casado, Ignacio Juarez, Ennio Hernandez, Brayan Bayona, José Manuel Martín-villa, Carlos SilveraAbstract:America First Inhabitants population (Amerindians, Na Dene and Eskimos) underwent a drastic population reduction and gene exchange after Europeans and Africans arrival after 1492 AD. Barranquilla population may be a good model to study present day population admixture in South America. HLA-A, -B and -DRB1 DNA typing has been performed in 188 unrelated individuals originated in the area and speak Spanish language; they showed apparent European/African and mixed characters. HLA genetic European/African features were found and only 1.85% Amerindian one. This contrasts with neighboring Cuban population where 10% HLA Amerindian characters appear.
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HLA-DMB in Amerindians: Specific linkage of DMB*01:03:01/DRB1 alleles
Human immunology, 2016Co-Authors: Antonio Arnaiz-villena, Diego Rey, Jose De Palacio-grüber, Ester Muñiz, Cristina Campos, José Manuel Martín-villa, Maria J. Recio, Narcisa Martinez-quiles, Jorge Martinez-lasoAbstract:Abstract Background HLA-DMB proteins are important for intracellular microbial metabolism in order other major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules present peptides to lymphocytes. In addition, HLA-DMB alleles have been found linked to diseases in some ethnic groups and HLA-DMB molecules may be important to explain HLA disease association. Objective To detect HLA-DMB alleles profile in Amerindians for the first time and compare them to other populations. This will establish the bases to study HLA-DMB linkage to disease in Amerindians. Method A group of 168 voluntary Amerindians have been typed for HLA-DMB alleles. They have been characterized both, by genetic and genealogical bases. Cloning and automated HLA-DMB DNA (exons 2, 3 and 4) sequencing have been performed for allele assignation. Results HLA-DMB*01:01:01 and HLA-DMB*01:03:01 show the highest frequencies. These have been compared to other World wide populations. HLA-DMB*01:03:01 is tightly associated to certain specific HLA-DRB1 alleles in Amerindians. Conclusion The specific Amerindian HLA-DMB allele frequencies and their linkage disequilibrium with other MHC alleles may be crucial to determine HLA-DMB World wide variation, evolution and specific linkage to disease in Amerindians and other populations.
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HLA genes in Chimila Amerindians (Colombia), the Peopling of America and Medical implications
International Journal of Modern Anthropology, 2016Co-Authors: Antonio Arnaiz-villena, Javier Alonso-rubio, Jose De Palacio-grüber, Ester Muñiz, Cristina Campos, Eduardo Gomez-casado, David Cruz-robles, Manuel Martin-villa, Carlos SilveraAbstract:Our aim is to study the HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 gene frequencies in the Chimila Amerindian (Colombia) ethnic group. Results are compared with other World populations in order to obtain information about Chimila and Amerindian Health promotion, Amerindian origins and America peopling. Written consent was obtained from Chimila subjects to be included in this study. Peripheral blood was drawn and HLA DNA genotyping was carried out by standard methods. Analyses of Chimila relatedness with other Amerindians and worldwide populations was performed with a standard NJ dendrogram and correspondence analyses methodology. Chimila HLA gene profile showed to be related to that of other Amerindians groups. New complete HLA extended haplotypes were obtained. Some of them are described for the first time. Also, specific genealogical comparisons were done between Chimila Amerindians and Pacific Islanders by using specific HLA alleles. Our conclusions are: 1) These new data and HLA extended haplotypes are useful for present and future Chimila Preventive Medicine (HLA linked diseases), HLA Pharmacogenomics and transplantation regional programs, 2) Classical accepted origin of America peopling should be revised: Pacific (Asian and Austronesian) and Atlantic (European) populations gene exchange may have occurred before 1492 AD. This is confirmed by our present studies using HLA autosomic genetic markers. 3) Genetic HLA Amerindian profile is separated from that of other World populations. Keywords : America peopling, Amerindians, Anthropology, Chimila, Epidemiology, HLA and Transplantation.
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HLA genetic profile of Mapuche (Araucanian) Amerindians from Chile
Molecular biology reports, 2013Co-Authors: Diego Rey, Juan Moscoso, Mercedes Enriquez-de-salamanca, Cristina Areces, Javier Alonso-rubio, Sedeka Abd-el-fatah-khalil, Mercedes Fernández-honrado, Carlos Parga-lozano, Antonio Arnaiz-villenaAbstract:Amerindian Mapuche (Araucanians) are now living in Chile and Argentina at both sides of Andean Mountains. They are anthropologically and genetically different from southernmost South America Patagonian Amerindians. Most of the HLA alleles found in our Mapuche sample are frequent or very frequent in North and South America Amerindians: (1) Class I: A*02:01, A*03:01, A*68:01, B*39:09, B*51:01, (2) Class II: DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:02, DRB1*14:02, DRB1*16:02. One of the nine most frequent extended haplotypes seems to be from European origin, suggesting the existence of a degree of admixture with Europeans in our Mapuche sample. It has been calculated of about 11 % admixture. Three of the extended haplotypes are also found in other Amerindians and five of them are newly found in Mapuche Amerindians: A*68:01-B*39:09-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02; A*68:01-B*51:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*29:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01; A*02:01-B*15:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*33:01-B*14:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*03:03. The medical importance of calculating HLA profile is discussed on the diagnostic (HLA and disease) and therapeutical bases of HLA pharmacogenomics and on the construction of a virtual transplantation HLA list profile. Also, anthropological conclusions are drawn.
Flor H. Pujol - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the evolving hiv 1 epidemic in warao Amerindians is dominated by an extremely high frequency of cxcr4 utilizing strains
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2015Co-Authors: Héctor R. Rangel, Gonzalo Bello, Yoneira Sulbarán, Domingo Garzaro, De Waard Jh, Carmen L. Loureiro, Julian A. Villalba, Mailis Maes, Flor H. PujolAbstract:Abstract We previously reported a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela due to the rapid spread of a single B subtype strain. In this study we evaluated the coreceptor use of the HIV-1 strains infecting this Amerindian community. Sequences of the HIV-1 V3 loop from 56 plasma samples were genotyped for coreceptor use. An extremely high frequency of CXCR4 strains was found among HIV-1-infecting Waraos (47/49, 96%), compared to HIV-1 strains infecting the non-Amerindian Venezuelan population (35/79, 44%, p < 0.00001). Evolutionary analysis showed that a significant number of infections occurred between 1 and 12 months before collection and that a great proportion (50–70%) of HIV-1 transmissions occurred within the very early phase of infection (≤12 months). This is consistent with an initial infection dominated by an X4 strain or a very rapid selection of X4 variants after infection. This Amerindian population also exhibits the highest prevalence of tuberculosis in Venezuela,...
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The Evolving HIV-1 Epidemic in Warao Amerindians Is Dominated by an Extremely High Frequency of CXCR4-Utilizing Strains
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2015Co-Authors: Héctor R. Rangel, Gonzalo Bello, Yoneira Sulbarán, Domingo Garzaro, De Waard Jh, Carmen L. Loureiro, Julian A. Villalba, Mailis Maes, Flor H. PujolAbstract:Abstract We previously reported a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela due to the rapid spread of a single B subtype strain. In this study we evaluated the coreceptor use of the HIV-1 strains infecting this Amerindian community. Sequences of the HIV-1 V3 loop from 56 plasma samples were genotyped for coreceptor use. An extremely high frequency of CXCR4 strains was found among HIV-1-infecting Waraos (47/49, 96%), compared to HIV-1 strains infecting the non-Amerindian Venezuelan population (35/79, 44%, p
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hiv 1 epidemic in warao Amerindians from venezuela spatial phylodynamics and epidemiological patterns
AIDS, 2013Co-Authors: Julian A. Villalba, Héctor R. Rangel, Gonzalo Bello, Yoneira Sulbarán, Domingo Garzaro, Carmen L. Loureiro, Mailis Maes, Jacobus H De Waard, Flor H. PujolAbstract:Objectives: We previously reported HIV-1 infection in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent and the dynamic of HIV-1 dissemination in eight Warao communities. Design and Setting: HIV-1 infection was evaluated in 576 Warao Amerindians from the Orinoco Delta. Partial HIV-1 pol sequences were analyzed to reconstruct the spatiotemporal and demographic dynamics of the epidemic. Results: HIV-1 antibodies were present in 9.55% of Warao Amerindians, ranging from 0 to 22%. A significantly higher prevalence was found in men (15.6%) compared with women (2.6%), reaching up to 35% in men from one community. All but one isolates were classified as subtype B. Warao’s HIV-1 subtype-B epidemic resulted from a single viral introduction at around the early 2000s. After an initial phase of slow growth, the subtype B started to spread at a fast rate (0.8/year) following two major routes of migration within the communities. Conclusion: A dramatic high prevalence was documented in almost all the communities of Warao Amerindians from the Orinoco Delta tested for HIV-1 infection. This epidemic resulted from the dissemination of a single HIV-1 subtype B founder strain introduced about 10 years ago and its size is probably doubling every year, creating a situation that can be devastating for this vulnerable Amerindian group.
Juan Moscoso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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HLA genetic profile of Mapuche (Araucanian) Amerindians from Chile
Molecular biology reports, 2013Co-Authors: Diego Rey, Juan Moscoso, Mercedes Enriquez-de-salamanca, Cristina Areces, Javier Alonso-rubio, Sedeka Abd-el-fatah-khalil, Mercedes Fernández-honrado, Carlos Parga-lozano, Antonio Arnaiz-villenaAbstract:Amerindian Mapuche (Araucanians) are now living in Chile and Argentina at both sides of Andean Mountains. They are anthropologically and genetically different from southernmost South America Patagonian Amerindians. Most of the HLA alleles found in our Mapuche sample are frequent or very frequent in North and South America Amerindians: (1) Class I: A*02:01, A*03:01, A*68:01, B*39:09, B*51:01, (2) Class II: DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:02, DRB1*14:02, DRB1*16:02. One of the nine most frequent extended haplotypes seems to be from European origin, suggesting the existence of a degree of admixture with Europeans in our Mapuche sample. It has been calculated of about 11 % admixture. Three of the extended haplotypes are also found in other Amerindians and five of them are newly found in Mapuche Amerindians: A*68:01-B*39:09-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02; A*68:01-B*51:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*29:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01; A*02:01-B*15:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*33:01-B*14:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*03:03. The medical importance of calculating HLA profile is discussed on the diagnostic (HLA and disease) and therapeutical bases of HLA pharmacogenomics and on the construction of a virtual transplantation HLA list profile. Also, anthropological conclusions are drawn.
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HLA genes in Amerindian immigrants to Madrid (Spain): epidemiology and a virtual transplantation waiting list
Molecular Biology Reports, 2011Co-Authors: Carlos Parga-lozano, Juan Moscoso, Cristina Areces, Sedeka Abd-el-fatah-khalil, Diego Rey-medrano, Pablo Gomez-prieto, Enrique Moreno, Antonio Arnaiz-villenaAbstract:Amerindians immigrated to Madrid (Spain) region are about 10% of the present day population. Amerindians are believed to be the first American inhabitants, before Na-Dene speakers, Aleuts and Eskimo. They may initially have arrived to America from Siberia and also from other parts of Pacific Sea (South Asia, Polynesia and Australia). Nowadays, they populate America from Canada to Tierra del Fuego (South America tip South). Most Amerindian immigrants to Madrid have come from Andean Countries in the last 10 years (mainly Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Colombia). They show an HLA profile with “quasi-specific alleles”, which makes them different to the rest of the World. In the present work, we have aimed to determine the immigrants HLA profile in order to establish a virtual transplantation waiting list which may be useful for their therapeutic transplants, particularly bone marrow transplantation. This would be carried out together with Amerindian immigrants to other parts of Spain and with their own countries in order to build up transplantation programs. Specific epidemiology programs on HLA linked disease will also be established. Immigrant volunteer unrelated blood donors contributed to the present study. HLA typing was performed by standard methods and their HLA profile obtained and obtained and compared with 15,108 HLA chromosomes from the rest of the World, including Spaniards. The immigrants showed a typical Amerindian profile similar to isolated Amerindian ethnic groups and altogether different to other World inhabitants (including Spaniards). These are the first bases to set up transplantation and epidemiology studies in collaboration with their original population in America. Finally, the HLA profile found in these Amerindians does not indicate their American specific original area, as it is expected from previous studies, i.e.: they do not relate more with Andean than with other Amerindians in Neighbour Joining dendrograms or correspondence analyses.
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HLA genes in Amerindian immigrants to Madrid (Spain): epidemiology and a virtual transplantation waiting list: Amerindians in Madrid (Spain).
Molecular biology reports, 2010Co-Authors: Carlos Parga-lozano, Juan Moscoso, Cristina Areces, Sedeka Abd-el-fatah-khalil, Diego Rey-medrano, Pablo Gomez-prieto, Enrique Moreno, Antonio Arnaiz-villenaAbstract:Amerindians immigrated to Madrid (Spain) region are about 10% of the present day population. Amerindians are believed to be the first American inhabitants, before Na-Dene speakers, Aleuts and Eskimo. They may initially have arrived to America from Siberia and also from other parts of Pacific Sea (South Asia, Polynesia and Australia). Nowadays, they populate America from Canada to Tierra del Fuego (South America tip South). Most Amerindian immigrants to Madrid have come from Andean Countries in the last 10 years (mainly Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Colombia). They show an HLA profile with “quasi-specific alleles”, which makes them different to the rest of the World. In the present work, we have aimed to determine the immigrants HLA profile in order to establish a virtual transplantation waiting list which may be useful for their therapeutic transplants, particularly bone marrow transplantation. This would be carried out together with Amerindian immigrants to other parts of Spain and with their own countries in order to build up transplantation programs. Specific epidemiology programs on HLA linked disease will also be established. Immigrant volunteer unrelated blood donors contributed to the present study. HLA typing was performed by standard methods and their HLA profile obtained and obtained and compared with 15,108 HLA chromosomes from the rest of the World, including Spaniards. The immigrants showed a typical Amerindian profile similar to isolated Amerindian ethnic groups and altogether different to other World inhabitants (including Spaniards). These are the first bases to set up transplantation and epidemiology studies in collaboration with their original population in America. Finally, the HLA profile found in these Amerindians does not indicate their American specific original area, as it is expected from previous studies, i.e.: they do not relate more with Andean than with other Amerindians in Neighbour Joining dendrograms or correspondence analyses.
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HLA genes in Cubans and the detection of Amerindian alleles.
Molecular immunology, 2006Co-Authors: Roberto Alegre, Jorge Martinez-laso, Juan Moscoso, Juan Ignacio Serrano-vela, A. Moreno, Manuel Martin-villa, Gilberto Vargas-alarcón, Jose Suarez, Remedios Pacheco, Antonio Arnaiz-villenaAbstract:Caribbean Islands including Cuba were first inhabited by Meso-American and later by Arawak-speaking Amerindians from nowadays Venezuela. Spanish invaders brought to almost extinction to the Amerindian population after 1492. Black slaves from West Africa were taken into Cuba by Europeans. The degree of admixture among populations is approached. HLA alleles were studied by DNA techniques. Comparison with other worldwide populations (a total of 14.094 chromosomes) included genetic distances, Neighbour-Joining dendrograms, correspondence analyses and calculation of extended haplotypes. While African-European HLA features were clearly found, Amerindian HLA characteristics are less evident, indicating that Amerindian devastation was particularly marked after 1492 AD. However, typical Amerindian alleles have been found in our Cuban sample, i.e. DRB1*0403, DRB1*0404, DRB1*0407, DRB1*0411, DRB1*0802 and DRB1*1602. The presence of Amerindian alleles in Cubans [corrected] may have a bear in the making up of transplantation registries (both for bone marrow and solid organ transplantation) at the regional level and also be important for epidemiological studies of diseases linked to HLA.
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HLA genes in Lamas Peruvian–Amazonian Amerindians
Molecular Immunology, 2005Co-Authors: Juan Moscoso, Jorge Martinez-laso, Segundo Seclén, Juan Ignacio Serrano-vela, Arturo Villena, J. Zamora, A. Moreno, Juan Ira-cachafeiro, Antonio Arnaiz-villenaAbstract:Abstract The Lamas Amerindians are the Chancas descents who established before 1532 a.d. (Spanish conquest) at Lamas City, Wayku quarter in a Peruvian–Amazonian province (San Martin). The Lamas HLA profile shows significant differences with other Amerindians HLA profile, i.e.: (a) a higher number of newly found haplotypes compared to other studied Amerindian populations, particularly HLA-A*02-B*48-DRB1*0403-DQB1*0302, A*02-B*48-DRB1*0804-DQB1*0402 and A*02-B*40-DRB1*0407-DQB1*0302; (b) a relative high frequency of HLA-DRB1*0901 (a high frequency southern Asian allele) and HLA-B*48 (a Na-Dene, Siberian and Eskimo allele); both alleles are also found frequently in Quechuas and Aymaras, but not in many other (particularly Meso American) Amerindians and (c) correspondence and neighbor-joining dendrogram analyses show that Lamas (Chancas) may have an origin close to Amazonian Indians that later reached the Andean altiplano.
Héctor R. Rangel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the evolving hiv 1 epidemic in warao Amerindians is dominated by an extremely high frequency of cxcr4 utilizing strains
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2015Co-Authors: Héctor R. Rangel, Gonzalo Bello, Yoneira Sulbarán, Domingo Garzaro, De Waard Jh, Carmen L. Loureiro, Julian A. Villalba, Mailis Maes, Flor H. PujolAbstract:Abstract We previously reported a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela due to the rapid spread of a single B subtype strain. In this study we evaluated the coreceptor use of the HIV-1 strains infecting this Amerindian community. Sequences of the HIV-1 V3 loop from 56 plasma samples were genotyped for coreceptor use. An extremely high frequency of CXCR4 strains was found among HIV-1-infecting Waraos (47/49, 96%), compared to HIV-1 strains infecting the non-Amerindian Venezuelan population (35/79, 44%, p < 0.00001). Evolutionary analysis showed that a significant number of infections occurred between 1 and 12 months before collection and that a great proportion (50–70%) of HIV-1 transmissions occurred within the very early phase of infection (≤12 months). This is consistent with an initial infection dominated by an X4 strain or a very rapid selection of X4 variants after infection. This Amerindian population also exhibits the highest prevalence of tuberculosis in Venezuela,...
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The Evolving HIV-1 Epidemic in Warao Amerindians Is Dominated by an Extremely High Frequency of CXCR4-Utilizing Strains
AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses, 2015Co-Authors: Héctor R. Rangel, Gonzalo Bello, Yoneira Sulbarán, Domingo Garzaro, De Waard Jh, Carmen L. Loureiro, Julian A. Villalba, Mailis Maes, Flor H. PujolAbstract:Abstract We previously reported a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela due to the rapid spread of a single B subtype strain. In this study we evaluated the coreceptor use of the HIV-1 strains infecting this Amerindian community. Sequences of the HIV-1 V3 loop from 56 plasma samples were genotyped for coreceptor use. An extremely high frequency of CXCR4 strains was found among HIV-1-infecting Waraos (47/49, 96%), compared to HIV-1 strains infecting the non-Amerindian Venezuelan population (35/79, 44%, p
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hiv 1 epidemic in warao Amerindians from venezuela spatial phylodynamics and epidemiological patterns
AIDS, 2013Co-Authors: Julian A. Villalba, Héctor R. Rangel, Gonzalo Bello, Yoneira Sulbarán, Domingo Garzaro, Carmen L. Loureiro, Mailis Maes, Jacobus H De Waard, Flor H. PujolAbstract:Objectives: We previously reported HIV-1 infection in Warao Amerindians from Venezuela. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent and the dynamic of HIV-1 dissemination in eight Warao communities. Design and Setting: HIV-1 infection was evaluated in 576 Warao Amerindians from the Orinoco Delta. Partial HIV-1 pol sequences were analyzed to reconstruct the spatiotemporal and demographic dynamics of the epidemic. Results: HIV-1 antibodies were present in 9.55% of Warao Amerindians, ranging from 0 to 22%. A significantly higher prevalence was found in men (15.6%) compared with women (2.6%), reaching up to 35% in men from one community. All but one isolates were classified as subtype B. Warao’s HIV-1 subtype-B epidemic resulted from a single viral introduction at around the early 2000s. After an initial phase of slow growth, the subtype B started to spread at a fast rate (0.8/year) following two major routes of migration within the communities. Conclusion: A dramatic high prevalence was documented in almost all the communities of Warao Amerindians from the Orinoco Delta tested for HIV-1 infection. This epidemic resulted from the dissemination of a single HIV-1 subtype B founder strain introduced about 10 years ago and its size is probably doubling every year, creating a situation that can be devastating for this vulnerable Amerindian group.
Cristina Areces - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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HLA genetic profile of Mapuche (Araucanian) Amerindians from Chile
Molecular biology reports, 2013Co-Authors: Diego Rey, Juan Moscoso, Mercedes Enriquez-de-salamanca, Cristina Areces, Javier Alonso-rubio, Sedeka Abd-el-fatah-khalil, Mercedes Fernández-honrado, Carlos Parga-lozano, Antonio Arnaiz-villenaAbstract:Amerindian Mapuche (Araucanians) are now living in Chile and Argentina at both sides of Andean Mountains. They are anthropologically and genetically different from southernmost South America Patagonian Amerindians. Most of the HLA alleles found in our Mapuche sample are frequent or very frequent in North and South America Amerindians: (1) Class I: A*02:01, A*03:01, A*68:01, B*39:09, B*51:01, (2) Class II: DRB1*03:01, DRB1*04:03, DRB1*07:01, DRB1*08:02, DRB1*14:02, DRB1*16:02. One of the nine most frequent extended haplotypes seems to be from European origin, suggesting the existence of a degree of admixture with Europeans in our Mapuche sample. It has been calculated of about 11 % admixture. Three of the extended haplotypes are also found in other Amerindians and five of them are newly found in Mapuche Amerindians: A*68:01-B*39:09-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02; A*68:01-B*51:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*29:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01; A*02:01-B*15:01-DRB1*04:03-DQB1*03:02; A*33:01-B*14:02-DRB1*07:01-DQB1*03:03. The medical importance of calculating HLA profile is discussed on the diagnostic (HLA and disease) and therapeutical bases of HLA pharmacogenomics and on the construction of a virtual transplantation HLA list profile. Also, anthropological conclusions are drawn.
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Amerindians show association to obesity with adiponectin gene snp45 and snp276 population genetics of a food intake control and thrifty gene
Molecular Biology Reports, 2013Co-Authors: A Arnaizvillena, Diego Rey, Ignacio Arribas, Carmen Coca, Mercedes Fernandezhonrado, Mercedes Enriquezdesalamanca, Sedeka Abdelfatahkhalil, Manuel Algora, Cristina ArecesAbstract:Adiponectin gene polymorphisms SNP45 and SNP276 have been related to metabolic syndrome (MS) and related pathologies, including obesity. However results of associations are contradictory depending on which population is studied. In the present study, these adiponectin SNPs are for the first time studied in Amerindians. Allele frequencies are obtained and comparison with obesity and other MS related parameters are performed. Amerindians were also defined by characteristic HLA genes. Our main results are: (1) SNP276 T is associated to low diastolic blood pressure in Amerindians, (2) SNP45 G allele is correlated with obesity in female but not in male Amerindians, (3) SNP45/SNP276 T/G haplotype in total obese/non-obese subjects tends to show a linkage with non-obese Amerindians, (4) SNP45/SNP276 T/T haplotype is linked to obese Amerindian males. Also, a world population study is carried out finding that SNP45 T and SNP276 T alleles are the most frequent in African Blacks and are found significantly in lower frequencies in Europeans and Asians. This together with the fact that there is a linkage of this haplotype to obese Amerindian males suggest that evolutionary forces related to famine (or population density in relation with available food) may have shaped world population adiponectin polymorphism frequencies.
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HLA-G(∗)01:05N null allele in Mayans (Guatemala) and Uros (Titikaka Lake, Peru): evolution and population genetics.
Human immunology, 2012Co-Authors: Antonio Arnaiz-villena, Mercedes Enriquez-de-salamanca, Cristina Areces, Javier Alonso-rubio, Sedeka Abd-el-fatah-khalil, Mercedes Fernández-honrado, Diego ReyAbstract:HLA-G molecules seem to have a protective effect for the semi–allogeneic fetus by mother immunosuppression. Also, pregnancy pathologies have been associated to HLA-G∗01:05N “null allele”. In addition, other general regulatory immune functions have been associated to HLA-G in infections, tumors and autoimmunity. Thus, it is striking that HLA∗01:05N allele is maintained in a substantial frequency in certain human populations. In the present work, we have analysed HLA-G allele frequencies in Amerindian Mayans from Guatemala and in Uros from Titikaka Lake “totora” (reed) floating islands (Peru). No HLA-G∗01:05N has been found in both of these Amerindian populations. Further studies in Worldwide populations show that the highest HLA-G∗01:05 allele frequencies are found in Middle East; these findings have a bearing in future clinical/epidemiological studies in Amerindians. This would suggest that either this area was close to the “null” allele origin (as predicted by us) and/or some evolutive pressures are maintaining these high frequencies in Middle East. However, the fact that Cercopithecinae primate family (primates postulated as distant human ancestors) has also a MHC-G “null“ allele in all individuals suggests that this allele may confer some advantage either at maternal/fetal interface or at other immune HLA-G function level (tumors, infections, autoimmunity). Human HLA-G∗01:05N may produce HLA-G isoforms, like Cercopithecinae monkeys may, which may suffice for function.
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Amerindians normalized waist circumference and obesity diagnosis standarized by biochemical and HLA data
Molecular biology reports, 2011Co-Authors: Antonio Arnaiz-villena, Mercedes Enriquez-de-salamanca, Cristina Areces, Mercedes Fernández-honrado, Ignacio Arribas, Carmen Coca, Carlos Parga-lozano, Sedeka Abd-el-fatah, Diego ReyAbstract:Metabolic syndrome (MS) and obesity are principal causes of morbidity all over the World, particularly for their association to cardiovascular risk. Amerindians are often living in countries and remote areas with unavailable sophisticated diagnoses methodologies. However, waist-circumference is a reliable and easy to record parameter of visceral obesity and MS. Waist circumference normal values are not yet established in Amerindians: South Asian and Japanese values have been recommended for Amerindian use. The purpose of this study is to objectively define for the first time the waist circumference measure cut-off points for Amerindians. A total of 303 unrelated Amerindian adults recently immigrated to Madrid were studied; they were healthy, since they were questioned and tested as appropriate for blood donation. Waist-circumference was measured in these voluntary blood donors after written consent. Chosen subjects for study had HLA quasi-specific Amerindian genes and not gained weight since their relatively short time living in Spain. Amerindians with Type I or II diabetes or family antecedents were removed from the study. The biochemical parameter used to define normality for MS was the reliable serum HDL-cholesterol levels, whose values are diet independent. A Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis was used to compare the predictive validity and to find out the optimal cut-off points of waist circumference normal values. Cut-off points were ≤88.5 cm in males and ≤82.5 cm in females; these values were close to the median values (88 and 82.2 cm, respectively). Obtained waist circumference values recorded here in normal Amerindians are different to those previously recommended indirectly (those of South Asian/Japanese populations). These parameters may be of great value for American countries health care in order to predict and control MS and its cardiovascular complications. Other countries having a heavy Amerindian immigration (i.e.: USA, Spain) may also benefit for establishing specific Preventive Medicine programs.
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HLA genes in Amerindian immigrants to Madrid (Spain): epidemiology and a virtual transplantation waiting list
Molecular Biology Reports, 2011Co-Authors: Carlos Parga-lozano, Juan Moscoso, Cristina Areces, Sedeka Abd-el-fatah-khalil, Diego Rey-medrano, Pablo Gomez-prieto, Enrique Moreno, Antonio Arnaiz-villenaAbstract:Amerindians immigrated to Madrid (Spain) region are about 10% of the present day population. Amerindians are believed to be the first American inhabitants, before Na-Dene speakers, Aleuts and Eskimo. They may initially have arrived to America from Siberia and also from other parts of Pacific Sea (South Asia, Polynesia and Australia). Nowadays, they populate America from Canada to Tierra del Fuego (South America tip South). Most Amerindian immigrants to Madrid have come from Andean Countries in the last 10 years (mainly Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Colombia). They show an HLA profile with “quasi-specific alleles”, which makes them different to the rest of the World. In the present work, we have aimed to determine the immigrants HLA profile in order to establish a virtual transplantation waiting list which may be useful for their therapeutic transplants, particularly bone marrow transplantation. This would be carried out together with Amerindian immigrants to other parts of Spain and with their own countries in order to build up transplantation programs. Specific epidemiology programs on HLA linked disease will also be established. Immigrant volunteer unrelated blood donors contributed to the present study. HLA typing was performed by standard methods and their HLA profile obtained and obtained and compared with 15,108 HLA chromosomes from the rest of the World, including Spaniards. The immigrants showed a typical Amerindian profile similar to isolated Amerindian ethnic groups and altogether different to other World inhabitants (including Spaniards). These are the first bases to set up transplantation and epidemiology studies in collaboration with their original population in America. Finally, the HLA profile found in these Amerindians does not indicate their American specific original area, as it is expected from previous studies, i.e.: they do not relate more with Andean than with other Amerindians in Neighbour Joining dendrograms or correspondence analyses.