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Isao Kubo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • multifunctional cytotoxic agents from anacardium occidentale
    Phytotherapy Research, 2011
    Co-Authors: Isao Kubo, Felismino E. Tocoli, Teruhiko Nitoda, Ivan R. Green
    Abstract:

    The effects of anacardic acids and cardols isolated from the cashew nut and apple Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) on murine B16-F10 melanoma cells were tested. Although anacardic acids and cardols were found to inhibit tyrosinase, a key enzyme in melanin synthesis, melanogenesis in melanocytes was not suppressed in cultured cells but rather enhanced. Both anacardic acids and cardols exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  • 2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde: a potent tyrosinase inhibitor from African medicinal plants.
    Planta medica, 1999
    Co-Authors: Isao Kubo, Ikuyo Kinst-hori
    Abstract:

    By bioassay-guided fractionation using mushroom tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde was characterized as the principal tyrosinase inhibitor from three East African medicinal plants, the root of Mondia whitei (Hook) Skeels (Asclepiaceae), the root of Rhus vulgaris Meikle (Anacardiaceae), and the bark of Sclerocarya caffra Sond (Anacardiaceae). It inhibited the oxidation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) by mushroom tyrosinase with an ID50 of 4.3 micrograms/ml (0.03 mM). The inhibition kinetics analyzed by a Lineweaver-Burk plot found this simple benzaldehyde derivative to be a mixed type inhibitor for this oxidation and affects on the enzyme in several ways. Based on finding this potent tyrosinase inhibitor, various related analogues were also tested in order to gain new insights into their inhibitory functions on a molecular basis.

  • tyrosinase inhibitors from anacardium occidentale fruits
    Journal of Natural Products, 1994
    Co-Authors: Isao Kubo, Ikuyo Kinsthori, Yoshihiro Yokokawa
    Abstract:

    : Anacardic acids, 2-methylcardols, and cardols isolated from various parts of the cashew [Anacardium occidentale] (Anacardiaceae) fruit have been found to exhibit tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Kinetic studies with the two principal active compounds, 6-[8(Z),11(Z),14-pentadecatrienyl]salicylic acid and 5-[8(Z),11(Z),14-pentadecatrienyl]resorcinol, have indicated that both of these phenolic compounds exhibit characteristic competitive inhibition of the oxidation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) by mushroom tyrosinase.

  • antitumor agents from the cashew anacardium occidentale apple juice
    Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1993
    Co-Authors: Isao Kubo, Masamitsu Ochi, Paulo C Vieira, Sakae Komatsu
    Abstract:

    Three anacardic acids (1-3) have been isolated as cytotoxic agents against BT-20 breast carcinoma cells from the cashew Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) apple juice. In addition to these anacardic acids, the cytotoxicity of their 13 congeners (4-16) isolated from the cashew nut and nut shell oil has also been examined. Anacardic acids (1-4), cardols (5-8), and methylcardols (9-12) have been found to exhibit moderate cytotoxic activity against both BT-20 breast and HeLa epithelioid cervix carcinoma cells

Martinez J Quesada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • allergy to pistachio crossreactivity between pistachio nut and other Anacardiaceae
    Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 1995
    Co-Authors: Concepcion De Linares Fernandez, A Fiandor, A Martinezgarate, Martinez J Quesada
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Anaphylaxis against Anacardiaceae nuts is uncommon and the allergens involved still poorly characterized. For this reason two patients with allergy towards pistachio nut (a member of the Anacardiaceae family) have been studied. OBJECTIVE: Identification of immunoallergens present in pistachio nut and analysis of crossreactive antigens in other members of the same plant family, specifically cashew and mango. METHODS: Presence of specific IgE for pistachio and cashew nut and for mango seed and pulp was determined by skin tests and radioallergosorbent assay (RAST). The allergenic profile of pistachio and cashew was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) followed by immunoblotting. Crossreactivity between pistachio and the other Anacardiaceae was studied by RAST inhibition. RESULTS: Skin tests were positive for pistachio and cashew in the two children and for mango seed in one. RAST was positive for pistachio and cashew in both patients. On immunoblotting, serum from both patients recognized several pistachio and cashew allergens with a molecular weight ranging from < 14.2-70 kDa. RAST inhibition demonstrated common antigenic determinants between pistachio and cashew nut. Crossreactivity was also found between pistachio nut and mango seed but not with mango pulp. CONCLUSION: Pistachio nut contains several protein allergens able to trigger type I hypersensitivity reactions. These allergens can be found also in cashew nut and mango seed but not in mango pulp.

Oton Meira Marques - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Sandra Maria Carmello-guerreiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Osmophores and floral fragrance in Anacardium humile and Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae): an overlooked secretory structure in Sapindales.
    Aob Plants, 2018
    Co-Authors: Elisabeth Emilia Augusta Dantas Tölke, Julien B Bachelier, Elimar Alves De Lima, Marcelo J. P. Ferreira, Diego Demarco, Sandra Maria Carmello-guerreiro
    Abstract:

    : Flowers of Anacardiaceae and other Sapindales typically produce nectar, but scent, often associated with a reward for pollinators, has surprisingly been mentioned only rarely for members of the family and order. However, flowers of Anacardium humile and Mangifera indica produce a strong sweet scent. The origin and composition of these floral scents is the subject of this study. Screening of potential osmophores on the petals and investigations of their anatomy were carried out by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The composition of the floral fragrance was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In both species, the base of the adaxial side of each petal revealed specialized secretory epidermal cells which are essentially similar in structure and distinct from all other neighbouring cells. These cells also showed evidence of granulocrine secretory mechanisms and slight specific variations in their subcellular apparatus coinciding with the respective composition of the floral fragrance, predominantly composed of sesquiterpenes in A. humile and monoterpenes in M. indica. This study reports the presence of osmophores for the first time in flowers of Anacardiaceae and confirms the link between the ultrastructural features of their secretory cells and the volatiles produced by the flowers. The flowers of most Sapindales, including Anacardiaceae, are nectariferous. However, the presence of osmophores has only been described for very few genera of Rutaceae and Sapindaceae. Both the occurrence of osmophores and fragrance may have largely been overlooked in Anacardiaceae and Sapindales until now. Further studies are needed to better understand the nature and diversity of the interactions of their nectariferous flowers with their pollinators.

  • Pericarp ontogeny of Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (Anacardiaceae) reveals a secretory endocarp in young stage
    Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2016
    Co-Authors: Elisabeth Emilia Augusta Dantas Tölke, Diego Demarco, Ana Paula Stechhahn Lacchia, Sandra Maria Carmello-guerreiro
    Abstract:

    Most species of Anacardiaceae have drupes containing secretory structures.. The substances produced by these structures may have importance to industry and folk medicine, and may even cause allergenic effects. This work describes the ontogeny of pericarp of Tapirira guianensis with an emphasis on the secretory structures present at different stages of development. Ovary and fruits in various stages of development were collected, fixed and processed for studies using light and scanning electron microscopy according to conventional techniques. Histochemical tests were employed to identify the major metabolites present in the tissues. The fruit is a drupe formed by exocarp, mesocarp containing secretory ducts and idioblasts, and endocarp with some lignified layers. Fruit growth occurs through the division and elongation of cells. The secretory ducts produce mainly phenols and lipids and are active during all stages of development. The secreted substances protect the fruit against pathogens and predators. In ripe fruits the cells of the mesocarp accumulate starch. This study is the first report of the presence of a secretory endocarp in young fruits of a species of Anacardiaceae. The substances produced by the endocarp in early developmental stages may play an important role in seed dispersal and germination.

  • Stages of development of the floral secretory disk in Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (Anacardiaceae), a dioecious species
    Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015
    Co-Authors: Elisabeth Emilia Augusta Dantas Tölke, Leonardo Galetto, Silvia Rodrigues Machado, Ana Paula Stecchahn Lacchia, Sandra Maria Carmello-guerreiro
    Abstract:

    The goal of this study was to analyse possible structural and ultrastructural differences between the secretory disk of male and functionally female flowers of Tapirira guianensis (Anacardiaceae) at different developmental stages. Studies were carried out using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Biochemical tests were employed to determine the proportion of sugars in the nectar of the floral morphotypes: they were found to be similar, both predominantly composed of sucrose. In addition to sugars, lipids and phenolic substances were identified in anthetic flowers; thus, the secretory disk is a mixed secretion gland, also called a sensu lato nectary. During anthesis, granulocrine and eccrine secretory mechanisms occur in both floral morphotypes. After anthesis and fertilization of the functionally female flower, only the lipophilic and phenolic secretion continues until the early stages of fruit development. An intrastaminal secretory disk that produces both nectar and lipids is reported for the first time in Anacardiaceae. © 2015 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 179, 533–544.

Diego Demarco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phylogeny of schinus l Anacardiaceae with a new infrageneric classification and insights into evolution of spinescence and floral traits
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2019
    Co-Authors: Cintia Luiza Da Silvaluz, Susan K Pell, Douglas C Daly, John D Mitchell, Diego Demarco, Jose Rubens Pirani, Natalie Do Valle Capelli, Gregory M Plunkett
    Abstract:

    Abstract Schinus, best known by its few cultivated and invasive species, is the largest genus of Anacardiaceae in southern South America. It is remarkably diverse compared to closely related genera, with approximately 42 species, most of which occur in several arid vegetation types and extend into Andean and Atlantic moist forests. The most comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus dates to 1957, recognizing S. subg. Schinus and S. subg. Duvaua, the latter of which were further divided into two sections. Subsequent studies have highlighted morphological inconsistencies in this infrageneric classification, and species delimitation remains a challenge. Schinus has been poorly sampled in previous phylogenetic studies of Anacardiaceae, and thus any assumptions about its monophyly and relationships remain untested. We investigated the phylogenetic relationships of 44 Schinus taxa and sampled 122 specimens, including the outgroup, using nine nuclear and two plastid DNA sequence regions, most of them developed recently for Commiphora (Burseraceae, sister to Anacardiaceae). We used maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference to infer relationships among species. We also constructed a morphological dataset, including vegetative anatomical features, and compared these characters to hypotheses based on molecular evidence in order to achieve a better understanding of the relationships among the species of Schinus and to related genera, aiming also to identify morphological characters and putative synapomorphies for major clades, and to discuss hypotheses regarding the evolution of structural traits in the genus. Our analyses strongly support the monophyly of Schinus, but also indicate that S. subg. Schinus and the sections of S. subg. Duvaua are polyphyletic. The phylogenetic relationships that emerged from our analyses include eight relatively well-supported lineages, but relationships among closely related species remain unclear in some clades. Ancestral state reconstructions demonstrate that several morphological and leaf-anatomical characters are valuable in characterizing some lineages. By contrast, most of the traits that have traditionally been used to circumscribe groups in Schinus show high levels of homoplasy. In light of these results, we present a novel sectional classification of Schinus based on a combination of character states associated with geographic distribution, corresponding to lineages that are mostly allopatric or at least ecologically distinct.

  • Osmophores and floral fragrance in Anacardium humile and Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae): an overlooked secretory structure in Sapindales.
    Aob Plants, 2018
    Co-Authors: Elisabeth Emilia Augusta Dantas Tölke, Julien B Bachelier, Elimar Alves De Lima, Marcelo J. P. Ferreira, Diego Demarco, Sandra Maria Carmello-guerreiro
    Abstract:

    : Flowers of Anacardiaceae and other Sapindales typically produce nectar, but scent, often associated with a reward for pollinators, has surprisingly been mentioned only rarely for members of the family and order. However, flowers of Anacardium humile and Mangifera indica produce a strong sweet scent. The origin and composition of these floral scents is the subject of this study. Screening of potential osmophores on the petals and investigations of their anatomy were carried out by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The composition of the floral fragrance was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In both species, the base of the adaxial side of each petal revealed specialized secretory epidermal cells which are essentially similar in structure and distinct from all other neighbouring cells. These cells also showed evidence of granulocrine secretory mechanisms and slight specific variations in their subcellular apparatus coinciding with the respective composition of the floral fragrance, predominantly composed of sesquiterpenes in A. humile and monoterpenes in M. indica. This study reports the presence of osmophores for the first time in flowers of Anacardiaceae and confirms the link between the ultrastructural features of their secretory cells and the volatiles produced by the flowers. The flowers of most Sapindales, including Anacardiaceae, are nectariferous. However, the presence of osmophores has only been described for very few genera of Rutaceae and Sapindaceae. Both the occurrence of osmophores and fragrance may have largely been overlooked in Anacardiaceae and Sapindales until now. Further studies are needed to better understand the nature and diversity of the interactions of their nectariferous flowers with their pollinators.

  • Pericarp ontogeny of Tapirira guianensis Aubl. (Anacardiaceae) reveals a secretory endocarp in young stage
    Acta Botanica Brasilica, 2016
    Co-Authors: Elisabeth Emilia Augusta Dantas Tölke, Diego Demarco, Ana Paula Stechhahn Lacchia, Sandra Maria Carmello-guerreiro
    Abstract:

    Most species of Anacardiaceae have drupes containing secretory structures.. The substances produced by these structures may have importance to industry and folk medicine, and may even cause allergenic effects. This work describes the ontogeny of pericarp of Tapirira guianensis with an emphasis on the secretory structures present at different stages of development. Ovary and fruits in various stages of development were collected, fixed and processed for studies using light and scanning electron microscopy according to conventional techniques. Histochemical tests were employed to identify the major metabolites present in the tissues. The fruit is a drupe formed by exocarp, mesocarp containing secretory ducts and idioblasts, and endocarp with some lignified layers. Fruit growth occurs through the division and elongation of cells. The secretory ducts produce mainly phenols and lipids and are active during all stages of development. The secreted substances protect the fruit against pathogens and predators. In ripe fruits the cells of the mesocarp accumulate starch. This study is the first report of the presence of a secretory endocarp in young fruits of a species of Anacardiaceae. The substances produced by the endocarp in early developmental stages may play an important role in seed dispersal and germination.

  • foliar colleters in Anacardiaceae first report for the family
    Botany, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ana Paula Stechhahn Lacchia, Elisabeth Emilia Augusta Dantas Tölke, Sandra Maria Carmelloguerreiro, Lia Ascensao, Diego Demarco
    Abstract:

    Colleters are secretory structures widely distributed in eudicots and with taxonomic value in many families. Although glandular trichomes have been described in some Anacardiaceae species, the chemical characterization of their secretions is scarce and to date there are no reports on colleters. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to study the distribution and structure of colleters on the vegetative buds of Anacardium humile A.St.-Hil., Lithraea molleoides (Vell.) Engl., Spondias dulcis Parkinson, and Tapirira guianensis Aubl., and to characterize their secretory products histochemically. In all of these Anacardiaceae species, colleters are multicellular and multiseriate ovoid or club-shaped glandular trichomes of protodermic origin, present on both surfaces of leaf primordia. They reach the secretory phase at early stages of leaf development, after which they gradually degenerate, become brown, and fall off. Histochemical tests indicate that the secretion within the glandular cell...