Analytical Pyrolysis

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Helena Pereira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Influence of tree eccentric growth on syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in Eucalyptus globulus wood lignin assessed by Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2001
    Co-Authors: Jose Carlos Rodrigues, José Graça, Helena Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract Wood disks from 9-year-old Eucalyptus globulus trees that showed eccentric growth were analysed by Analytical Pyrolysis to determine lignin syringyl/guaiacyl (s/g) ratio, lignin content and polysaccharide composition (hexosans/hexosans+pentosans). Three cross-sectional fractions were analysed: the long radius, the short radius and the intermediate sections. Between-tree variation was observed for the s/g ratio from 2.0 to 2.8, the lignin content from 26.5 to 28.0% and the hesosans/hexosans+pentosans ratio from 0.76 to 0.83. The reliability of the Pyrolysis analysis assessed by the pooled standard deviation was very high for the three determinations (2–3% coefficients of variation). Eccentric tree growth in E. globulus has no impact in the s/g ratio and does not necessarily imply differences in lignin content or in polysaccharide composition. When differences occur, lower lignin and higher cellulose are found in the cross section part with the highest radial growth. Sampling for wood chemical analysis in eccentric cross sections should avoid the stem parts with high radial differences between opposite sides. Analytical Pyrolysis can be used to prospect for the presence of tension wood.

  • influence of tree eccentric growth on syringyl guaiacyl ratio in eucalyptus globulus wood lignin assessed by Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2001
    Co-Authors: Jose Carlos Rodrigues, José Graça, Helena Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract Wood disks from 9-year-old Eucalyptus globulus trees that showed eccentric growth were analysed by Analytical Pyrolysis to determine lignin syringyl/guaiacyl (s/g) ratio, lignin content and polysaccharide composition (hexosans/hexosans+pentosans). Three cross-sectional fractions were analysed: the long radius, the short radius and the intermediate sections. Between-tree variation was observed for the s/g ratio from 2.0 to 2.8, the lignin content from 26.5 to 28.0% and the hesosans/hexosans+pentosans ratio from 0.76 to 0.83. The reliability of the Pyrolysis analysis assessed by the pooled standard deviation was very high for the three determinations (2–3% coefficients of variation). Eccentric tree growth in E. globulus has no impact in the s/g ratio and does not necessarily imply differences in lignin content or in polysaccharide composition. When differences occur, lower lignin and higher cellulose are found in the cross section part with the highest radial growth. Sampling for wood chemical analysis in eccentric cross sections should avoid the stem parts with high radial differences between opposite sides. Analytical Pyrolysis can be used to prospect for the presence of tension wood.

  • Determination of tree to tree variation in syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of Eucalyptus globulus wood lignin by Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1999
    Co-Authors: Jose Carlos Rodrigues, Oskar Faix, Dietrich Meier, Helena Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract High syringyl/guaiacyl ratios (S/G ratios) are advantageous for pulping. Analytical Pyrolysis was applied to Eucalyptus globulus wood to measure S/G ratios and assess its potential in forest breeding programmes. Samples were collected from five trees of two provenances grown in three sites. After peak assignment, relative peak areas were calculated for carbohydrate, guaiacyl and syringyl type degradation products. Lignin derived products account on average for 21% of the total identified area. The average S/G ratio of trees was 2.0, ranging from 1.5 to 2.6. The analysis of variance for the S/G ratios showed that provenance and tree were highly significant sources of variation accounting for 48 and 27% of the variation, respectively. Site had no influence but ‘site×provenance’ interaction was significant and accounted for 16% of the variation. The error associated with the method represented only 6% of the variation. Analytical Pyrolysis proved reproducible and sensitive for the measurement of the natural variability of E. globulus with regard to lignin composition. The pyrolytic determination of the S/G ratios is recommended as an evaluation trait in breeding programmes for pulpwood production.

  • determination of tree to tree variation in syringyl guaiacyl ratio of eucalyptus globulus wood lignin by Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1999
    Co-Authors: Jose Carlos Rodrigues, Oskar Faix, Dietrich Meier, Helena Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract High syringyl/guaiacyl ratios (S/G ratios) are advantageous for pulping. Analytical Pyrolysis was applied to Eucalyptus globulus wood to measure S/G ratios and assess its potential in forest breeding programmes. Samples were collected from five trees of two provenances grown in three sites. After peak assignment, relative peak areas were calculated for carbohydrate, guaiacyl and syringyl type degradation products. Lignin derived products account on average for 21% of the total identified area. The average S/G ratio of trees was 2.0, ranging from 1.5 to 2.6. The analysis of variance for the S/G ratios showed that provenance and tree were highly significant sources of variation accounting for 48 and 27% of the variation, respectively. Site had no influence but ‘site×provenance’ interaction was significant and accounted for 16% of the variation. The error associated with the method represented only 6% of the variation. Analytical Pyrolysis proved reproducible and sensitive for the measurement of the natural variability of E. globulus with regard to lignin composition. The pyrolytic determination of the S/G ratios is recommended as an evaluation trait in breeding programmes for pulpwood production.

Jose Carlos Rodrigues - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Characterization of residual lignin in cellulose isolated by the diglyme method from three Pinus species by IR spectroscopy and Analytical Pyrolysis
    Holzforschung, 2018
    Co-Authors: Ana Alves, Sara Santos, Rita Simões, Jose Carlos Rodrigues
    Abstract:

    AbstractQuantitative determination of cellulose content by means of diglyme [bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether] isolation is useful for rapid screening experiments. However, diglyme isolation from softwoods results in a certain amount of residual lignin in the cellulose. In this paper, the lignin content (L) in diglyme cellulose of three pine species (Pinus halepensisMiller,Pinus sylvestrisL. andPinus pinasterAiton) was analysed by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and Analytical Pyrolysis (Py). Py allowed lignin quantification. The influence of wood milling on cellulose yield was also analyzed and it was shown that a particle size between 10 and 60 mesh did not noticeably influence the cellulose yield or L; however, ball-milling to powder did cause a cellulose loss of around 37%. The diglyme method is only reproducible if the experimental parameters are standardized and meticulously followed.

  • Analytical Pyrolysis as a direct method to determine the lignin content in wood: Part 3. Evaluation of species-specific and tissue-specific differences in softwood lignin composition using principal component analysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ana Alves, Notburga Gierlinger, Manfred Schwanninger, Jose Carlos Rodrigues
    Abstract:

    Both the genetics and the environment determine the chemical composition of wood. To assess the chemical composition Analytical Pyrolysis is being increasingly used. Each single pyrogram is a fingerprint of the chemical composition that should reflect tissue, species, and site related information although hidden in an amount of data. Principal component analysis was applied to evaluate the Pyrolysis results with respect to differences in lignin composition using G- and H-lignin-derived peaks from the pyrograms. The three species: pine, spruce and larch were separated in the first principal scores plot and the corresponding loadings plot revealed that it is vanillin (G 9) and G–C C C (G 11) on one hand and isoeugenol (G 8) and dihydroconiferyl alcohol (G 19) on the other hand that separate spruce and larch from pine. Beside others G 9 plus G 11 and G 8 plus G 19 separate spruce form larch as well as Vaquey pine from Blagon pine. In addition an investigation of the different tissues – normal wood and reaction wood – and the discussion of these results together with the loadings helped to reveal the differences in lignin composition between the species, tissues, and two sites. It was shown that Analytical Pyrolysis combined with principal component analysis could be useful for the identification of species and their origin.

  • Influence of tree eccentric growth on syringyl/guaiacyl ratio in Eucalyptus globulus wood lignin assessed by Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2001
    Co-Authors: Jose Carlos Rodrigues, José Graça, Helena Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract Wood disks from 9-year-old Eucalyptus globulus trees that showed eccentric growth were analysed by Analytical Pyrolysis to determine lignin syringyl/guaiacyl (s/g) ratio, lignin content and polysaccharide composition (hexosans/hexosans+pentosans). Three cross-sectional fractions were analysed: the long radius, the short radius and the intermediate sections. Between-tree variation was observed for the s/g ratio from 2.0 to 2.8, the lignin content from 26.5 to 28.0% and the hesosans/hexosans+pentosans ratio from 0.76 to 0.83. The reliability of the Pyrolysis analysis assessed by the pooled standard deviation was very high for the three determinations (2–3% coefficients of variation). Eccentric tree growth in E. globulus has no impact in the s/g ratio and does not necessarily imply differences in lignin content or in polysaccharide composition. When differences occur, lower lignin and higher cellulose are found in the cross section part with the highest radial growth. Sampling for wood chemical analysis in eccentric cross sections should avoid the stem parts with high radial differences between opposite sides. Analytical Pyrolysis can be used to prospect for the presence of tension wood.

  • influence of tree eccentric growth on syringyl guaiacyl ratio in eucalyptus globulus wood lignin assessed by Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2001
    Co-Authors: Jose Carlos Rodrigues, José Graça, Helena Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract Wood disks from 9-year-old Eucalyptus globulus trees that showed eccentric growth were analysed by Analytical Pyrolysis to determine lignin syringyl/guaiacyl (s/g) ratio, lignin content and polysaccharide composition (hexosans/hexosans+pentosans). Three cross-sectional fractions were analysed: the long radius, the short radius and the intermediate sections. Between-tree variation was observed for the s/g ratio from 2.0 to 2.8, the lignin content from 26.5 to 28.0% and the hesosans/hexosans+pentosans ratio from 0.76 to 0.83. The reliability of the Pyrolysis analysis assessed by the pooled standard deviation was very high for the three determinations (2–3% coefficients of variation). Eccentric tree growth in E. globulus has no impact in the s/g ratio and does not necessarily imply differences in lignin content or in polysaccharide composition. When differences occur, lower lignin and higher cellulose are found in the cross section part with the highest radial growth. Sampling for wood chemical analysis in eccentric cross sections should avoid the stem parts with high radial differences between opposite sides. Analytical Pyrolysis can be used to prospect for the presence of tension wood.

  • Determination of tree to tree variation in syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of Eucalyptus globulus wood lignin by Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1999
    Co-Authors: Jose Carlos Rodrigues, Oskar Faix, Dietrich Meier, Helena Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract High syringyl/guaiacyl ratios (S/G ratios) are advantageous for pulping. Analytical Pyrolysis was applied to Eucalyptus globulus wood to measure S/G ratios and assess its potential in forest breeding programmes. Samples were collected from five trees of two provenances grown in three sites. After peak assignment, relative peak areas were calculated for carbohydrate, guaiacyl and syringyl type degradation products. Lignin derived products account on average for 21% of the total identified area. The average S/G ratio of trees was 2.0, ranging from 1.5 to 2.6. The analysis of variance for the S/G ratios showed that provenance and tree were highly significant sources of variation accounting for 48 and 27% of the variation, respectively. Site had no influence but ‘site×provenance’ interaction was significant and accounted for 16% of the variation. The error associated with the method represented only 6% of the variation. Analytical Pyrolysis proved reproducible and sensitive for the measurement of the natural variability of E. globulus with regard to lignin composition. The pyrolytic determination of the S/G ratios is recommended as an evaluation trait in breeding programmes for pulpwood production.

Carlos Henrique Ataide - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Thermal Analysis and Analytical Pyrolysis of Three Types of Lignin
    Materials Science Forum, 2017
    Co-Authors: José Alair Santana, Wender Santana Carvalho, Tiago José Pires De Oliveira, Carlos Henrique Ataide
    Abstract:

    There is a growing interest in new technologies for power generation, making use of renewable natural resources. Fast Pyrolysis is an effective and promising process of thermal decomposition of organic materials. This study evaluated the thermal decomposition of three different types of lignin and investigated the composition of the volatiles formed during the Analytical Pyrolysis. The thermogravimetric analysis, which is a widely used Analytical technique to observe the thermal behavior of materials, was used to investigate the decomposition of the samples at different heating rates. The microPyrolysis is a fast and reliable Analytical technique that provides useful background information for development of the complex process production of bio-oil. This study evaluated the composition of the vapor formed during Analytical Pyrolysis at 450, 550 and 650°C. The curves obtained by thermogravimetric analysis indicate the degradation of all lignin samples takes place in a wide temperature range. Analytical Pyrolysis tests for three types of lignin showed formation of phenolic compounds as most significant components.

  • Fast Pyrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse in a fluidized bed reactor: Product characterization and comparison with vapors generated in Analytical Pyrolysis
    Energy, 2017
    Co-Authors: Wender Santana Carvalho, Tiago José Pires De Oliveira, José Alair Santana Júnior, Carlos Henrique Ataide
    Abstract:

    Lignocellulosic biomass can be used as an alternative for the production of fuels and chemical feedstocks using thermochemical conversion processes, such as Pyrolysis. This study aims to perform the fast Pyrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse in a fluidized bed unit, comparing the results obtained with the products from Analytical Pyrolysis. Furthermore, the apparent activation energy of thermal decomposition of biomass was determined using two global reaction models. The estimated values of apparent activation energy ranged from 106.2 to 203.3 kJ/mol. The main compounds identified in the vapors generated in the Analytical Pyrolysis were acetic acid, isoprene, methyl pyruvate, furfural, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, 4-hydroxy-3-methylacetophenone and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. In the bio-oil produced in the fluidized bed unit, the main compounds identified were benzene, acetic acid, isoprene, 3-methoxypropanal, toluene, furfural, 1,1-dimethoxycyclohexane and phenol. The difference between the identified compounds could be attributed to the solvent used, the efficiency of the condensation system, the occurrence of secondary reactions during the fast Pyrolysis process in the fluidized bed reactor and the polymerization after the condensation of the vapors produced.

  • thermal decomposition profile and product selectivity of Analytical Pyrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse effect of addition of inorganic salts
    Industrial Crops and Products, 2015
    Co-Authors: Wender Santana Carvalho, Izabel F Cunha, Marina Seixas Pereira, Carlos Henrique Ataide
    Abstract:

    Sweet sorghum is an important biomass in biofuels and value-added chemicals production. This work studied the effects of inorganic chlorides in the Analytical Pyrolysis of sweet sorghum bagasse. Two inorganic chlorides were used: ZnCl2 and MgCl2·6H2O. The thermal decomposition kinetics of this biomass was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. The results indicated that the addition of inorganic salts modified the degradation profile of sweet sorghum bagasse. A decrease in the maximum degradation rate was observed for both hemicellulose and cellulose fractions in the assays with addition of ZnCl2. Tests with MgCl2 showed a significant decrease in the peak corresponding to hemicellulose. In the presence of both salts, a solid residues increase was observed. The large amount of non-oxygenated compounds (isoprene and limonene), which are obtained from the Analytical Pyrolysis of pure sweet sorghum bagasse, may indicate the formation of a bio-oil chemically more stable than the bio-oil produced from another biomass. On the other hand, the addition of salts led to an increase in the content of furfural, especially in the test with ZnCl2.

  • fast Pyrolysis of soybean hulls analysis of bio oil produced in a fluidized bed reactor and of vapor obtained in Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2015
    Co-Authors: T J P Oliveira, C R Cardoso, Carlos Henrique Ataide
    Abstract:

    This research involved an investigation into the composition both of vapors produced in the Analytical Pyrolysis of soybean hulls and of the bio-oil produced in the fast Pyrolysis of soybean hulls in a fluidized bed reactor. The reaction temperatures were 450, 550, 650 and 750 °C for Analytical Pyrolysis and 550 °C for the fluidized bed reactor. Product compositions were analyzed using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The main objectives of this work were to evaluate the chemical potential of the produced bio-oil and to study the extent and the effects of secondary reactions that occur in the fluidized bed Pyrolysis apparatus. The bio-oil proved to be a complex mixture; rich in phenols, cyclopentene derivatives and tetradecane. The main compounds identified in the vapor were 1,3-pentadiene, acetic acid and tetradecane. The differences between the composition of bio-oil and vapor are probably due to the occurrence of secondary reactions, the distinct heating rates applied during Analytical Pyrolysis and in the fast Pyrolysis pilot plant, and the vapor condensing process in the Pyrolysis pilot unit.

  • Thermogravimetric analysis and Analytical Pyrolysis of a variety of lignocellulosic sorghum
    Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2015
    Co-Authors: Wender Santana Carvalho, Tiago José Pires De Oliveira, Cássia Regina Cardoso, Carlos Henrique Ataide
    Abstract:

    Abstract Global economic growth and the deep concerns for human quality of life make it imperative to discover new technologies for generating renewable energy. Lignocellulosic biomass can be used as an alternative for energy production via thermochemical conversion processes such as Pyrolysis. The constitution of each material causes it to display a particular characteristic when pyrolyzed, due to the proportion of its components. Hence, its characterization is very important to gain a better understanding of the Pyrolysis process. This work involved the characterization and study of the thermal decomposition of a variety of lignocellulosic sorghum. Knowledge of the kinetics of Pyrolysis was deepened by studying the decomposition of sorghum based on thermogravimetric analysis, using nitrogen as the purge gas at a flow rate of 30 mL/min. Analytical Pyrolysis tests of this biomass were also performed in a temperature range normally employed in fast Pyrolysis (823 and 923 K), using an inert helium atmosphere. The estimated values of activation energy ranged from 70.3 to 210 kJ mol−1 and the pre-exponential factors showed results varying from 7.0 × 104 mol−2 l2 s−1 to 5.0 × 1016 s−1. The experimental derivative weight loss curves revealed the predominant presence of two major peaks at all the heating rates, the first corresponding mainly to hemicellulose decomposition and the second to cellulose decomposition. The change in temperature did not significantly influence the percentage area of the main detected components: 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, acetic acid, limonene, and hexadecane, indicating a bio-oil of good quality (high amount of non-oxygenated compounds) compared with other types of sorghum.

K. Richter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • investigation of thermally treated beech fagus sylvatica and spruce picea abies by means of multifunctional Analytical Pyrolysis gc ms
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2013
    Co-Authors: A. Heigenmoser, Falk Liebner, Elisabeth Windeisen, K. Richter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Multifunctional Analytical Pyrolysis – GC/MS comprising evolved gas analysis (EGA), heart-cut analysis (HCA), and conventional Pyrolysis (single-shot analysis; SSA) has been demonstrated to be a powerful Analytical approach to study chemical alterations taking place in wood during thermal treatment (curing) as it is increasingly used on a large scale to improve certain properties such as decay resistance or dimensional stability. Following this approach it has been demonstrated that thermal treatment of beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) and spruce ( Picea abies ) at 220 °C effects structural alterations of both thermally labile carbohydrates and certain lignin moieties. Furthermore, it has been shown that minor differences between the peak pattern as obtained by comparative heart-cut and single-shot analysis were caused by methodological differences in terms of Pyrolysis conditions.

  • Investigation of thermally treated beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) by means of multifunctional Analytical Pyrolysis-GC/MS
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2013
    Co-Authors: A. Heigenmoser, Falk Liebner, Elisabeth Windeisen, K. Richter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Multifunctional Analytical Pyrolysis – GC/MS comprising evolved gas analysis (EGA), heart-cut analysis (HCA), and conventional Pyrolysis (single-shot analysis; SSA) has been demonstrated to be a powerful Analytical approach to study chemical alterations taking place in wood during thermal treatment (curing) as it is increasingly used on a large scale to improve certain properties such as decay resistance or dimensional stability. Following this approach it has been demonstrated that thermal treatment of beech ( Fagus sylvatica ) and spruce ( Picea abies ) at 220 °C effects structural alterations of both thermally labile carbohydrates and certain lignin moieties. Furthermore, it has been shown that minor differences between the peak pattern as obtained by comparative heart-cut and single-shot analysis were caused by methodological differences in terms of Pyrolysis conditions.

Oskar Faix - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • discrimination of genetically modified poplar clones by Analytical Pyrolysis gas chromatography and principal component analysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2005
    Co-Authors: Dietrich Meier, Jürgen Odermatt, Ingrid Fortmann, Oskar Faix
    Abstract:

    Abstract Analytical Pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) is a relatively rapid (1–3 h) method for the investigation of polymers. Various wood tissues from transgenic poplar clones and from control samples have been subjected to a screening test by Py-GC–MS. Pyrolysis products from lignin- and carbohydrate-derived Pyrolysis products were subjected to multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). The first three PC accounting for 39–72% of the total variance in the original data set could be attributed to vinyl products from lignin and levoglucosan from cellulose. Samples with gene construct rbcs-rol C were only discriminated by plotting PC1 versus PC3 using the whole data set. However, the wood from trees containing gene construct 35 S-rol C were discriminated in all examined models indicating significant impacts during biosynthesis of the wood. One sample within the data set was further clustered because it turned out that this tree died off after two vegetation periods.

  • Discrimination of genetically modified poplar clones by Analytical Pyrolysis–gas chromatography and principal component analysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2005
    Co-Authors: Dietrich Meier, Jürgen Odermatt, Ingrid Fortmann, Oskar Faix
    Abstract:

    Abstract Analytical Pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC–MS) is a relatively rapid (1–3 h) method for the investigation of polymers. Various wood tissues from transgenic poplar clones and from control samples have been subjected to a screening test by Py-GC–MS. Pyrolysis products from lignin- and carbohydrate-derived Pyrolysis products were subjected to multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). The first three PC accounting for 39–72% of the total variance in the original data set could be attributed to vinyl products from lignin and levoglucosan from cellulose. Samples with gene construct rbcs-rol C were only discriminated by plotting PC1 versus PC3 using the whole data set. However, the wood from trees containing gene construct 35 S-rol C were discriminated in all examined models indicating significant impacts during biosynthesis of the wood. One sample within the data set was further clustered because it turned out that this tree died off after two vegetation periods.

  • Determination of tree to tree variation in syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of Eucalyptus globulus wood lignin by Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1999
    Co-Authors: Jose Carlos Rodrigues, Oskar Faix, Dietrich Meier, Helena Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract High syringyl/guaiacyl ratios (S/G ratios) are advantageous for pulping. Analytical Pyrolysis was applied to Eucalyptus globulus wood to measure S/G ratios and assess its potential in forest breeding programmes. Samples were collected from five trees of two provenances grown in three sites. After peak assignment, relative peak areas were calculated for carbohydrate, guaiacyl and syringyl type degradation products. Lignin derived products account on average for 21% of the total identified area. The average S/G ratio of trees was 2.0, ranging from 1.5 to 2.6. The analysis of variance for the S/G ratios showed that provenance and tree were highly significant sources of variation accounting for 48 and 27% of the variation, respectively. Site had no influence but ‘site×provenance’ interaction was significant and accounted for 16% of the variation. The error associated with the method represented only 6% of the variation. Analytical Pyrolysis proved reproducible and sensitive for the measurement of the natural variability of E. globulus with regard to lignin composition. The pyrolytic determination of the S/G ratios is recommended as an evaluation trait in breeding programmes for pulpwood production.

  • determination of tree to tree variation in syringyl guaiacyl ratio of eucalyptus globulus wood lignin by Analytical Pyrolysis
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1999
    Co-Authors: Jose Carlos Rodrigues, Oskar Faix, Dietrich Meier, Helena Pereira
    Abstract:

    Abstract High syringyl/guaiacyl ratios (S/G ratios) are advantageous for pulping. Analytical Pyrolysis was applied to Eucalyptus globulus wood to measure S/G ratios and assess its potential in forest breeding programmes. Samples were collected from five trees of two provenances grown in three sites. After peak assignment, relative peak areas were calculated for carbohydrate, guaiacyl and syringyl type degradation products. Lignin derived products account on average for 21% of the total identified area. The average S/G ratio of trees was 2.0, ranging from 1.5 to 2.6. The analysis of variance for the S/G ratios showed that provenance and tree were highly significant sources of variation accounting for 48 and 27% of the variation, respectively. Site had no influence but ‘site×provenance’ interaction was significant and accounted for 16% of the variation. The error associated with the method represented only 6% of the variation. Analytical Pyrolysis proved reproducible and sensitive for the measurement of the natural variability of E. globulus with regard to lignin composition. The pyrolytic determination of the S/G ratios is recommended as an evaluation trait in breeding programmes for pulpwood production.

  • Analytical Pyrolysis and semicontinuous catalytic hydroPyrolysis of Organocell lignin
    Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1993
    Co-Authors: Dietrich Meier, J. Berns, C. Grünwald, Oskar Faix
    Abstract:

    Abstract Analytical Pyrolysis—gas chromatography FID has been applied to simulate technical flash Pyrolysis using milled wood lignin (MWL) and Organocell lignin (OCL) derived from a sulfur-free pulping process. Although OCL yielded less unsaturated compounds than MWL the composition of phenolic compounds is still complex. In a search for technically viable ways of lignin utilization, OCL was subjected to catalytic hydroPyrolysis in a semicontinuous reactor system which permits the continuous removal of valuable products from the reaction zone. Thus, a light-oil fraction was collected in a high-pressure condenser and a middle-oil fraction remained in the reactor during the whole reaction time. Residence times, hydrogen pressures and the effect of catalyst were studied. Hydrogen pressure was the most significant parameter with respect to overall oil yields and simplification of phenol composition. Total oil yields of > 80% were obtained at 14 MPa, 360 min residence time using a mixture of nickel oxide and chromium oxide supported on aluminium/silicon oxide as catalyst. By quantitative determination of the monophenols with capillary GC, about 12.3% wt., based on lignin, of low molecular weight phenols could be detected in the light-oil fraction. Elemental analysis of the light- and middle-oil fraction was performed. The influence of different process parameters on oxygen content and H/C ratio is demonstrated.