The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

James L Gibson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does truth lead to reconciliation testing the causal assumptions of the south african truth and reconciliation process
    American Journal of Political Science, 2004
    Co-Authors: James L Gibson
    Abstract:

    Throughout the world, truth commissions have been created under the assumption that getting people to understand the past will somehow contribute to reconciliation between those who were enemies under the Ancien Regime. In South Africa, the truth and reconciliation process is explicitly based on the hypothesis that knowledge of the past will lead to acceptance, tolerance, and reconciliation in the future. My purpose here is to test that hypothesis, based on data collected in a 2001 survey of over 3,700 South Africans. My most important finding is that those who accept the “truth” about the country’s apartheid past are more likely to hold reconciled racial attitudes. Racial reconciliation also depends to a considerable degree on interracial contact, evidence that adds weight to the “contact hypothesis” investigated by western social scientists. Ultimately, these findings are hopeful for South Africa’s democratic transition, since racial attitudes seem not to be intransigent.

Ahmet T Kuru - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • passive and assertive secularism historical conditions ideological struggles and state policies toward religion
    World Politics, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ahmet T Kuru
    Abstract:

    Why do secular states pursue substantially different policies toward religion? The United States, France, and Turkey are secular states that lack any official religion and have legal systems free from religious control. The French and Turkish states have banned students' headscarves in public schools, whereas the U.S. has allowed students to wear religious symbols and attire. Using the method of process tracing, the author argues that state policies toward religion are the result of ideological struggles. In France and Turkey the dominant ideology is "assertive secularism," which aims to exclude religion from the public sphere, while in the U.S., it is "passive secularism," which tolerates public visibility of religion. Whether assertive or passive secularism became dominant in a particular case was the result of the particular historical conditions during the secular state-building period, especially the presence or absence of an Ancien Regime based on a marriage of monarchy and hegemonic religion.

Heinz Sunker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • politics of childhood childrens rights and intergenerational relations
    European Journal of Social Work, 1999
    Co-Authors: Heinz Sunker
    Abstract:

    Abstract One of the more decisive questions in the discussion of human living conditions, which then also produces the most diverse answers, concerns the relation between violence and civilization. In this context the treatment of childhood and of childrens rights is a crucial issue of this century. We live in a period of socialism, the womens movement, intercourse, individualism. Are we not entering the period of youth? (Benjamin 1991, p. 9), asked Walter Benjamin 80 years ago, shortly after Ellen Key had program-matically declared The Century of the Child (Key 1978). Aries, in his history of childhood and family life in the Ancien Regime, investigated the generalization of social control and subsequent new forms of intervention into social relations (Aries 1978, pp. 556–8). They concern:

Jeanmichel Chevet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • famine and market in Ancien Regime france
    Research Papers in Economics, 2002
    Co-Authors: Cormac O Grada, Jeanmichel Chevet
    Abstract:

    How—and how well—do food markets function in famine conditions? The controversy surrounding this question may benefit from historical perspective. Here we study two massive famines that struck France between 1693 and 1710, killing over two million people. In both cases the impact of harvest failure was exacerbated by wartime demands on the food supply; we ask whether the crises were exacerbated yet further by a failure of markets to function as they did in normal times. The evidence, we conclude, is most consistent with the view that markets in fact helped alleviate these crises, albeit modestly.

  • famine and market in Ancien Regime france
    The Journal of Economic History, 2002
    Co-Authors: Cormac O Grada, Jeanmichel Chevet
    Abstract:

    How—and how well—do food markets function in famine conditions? The controversy surrounding this question may benefit from historical perspective. Here we study two massive famines that struck France between 1693 and 1710, killing over two million people. In both cases the impact of harvest failure was exacerbated by wartime demands on the food supply; we ask whether the crises were exacerbated yet further by a failure of markets to function as they did in normal times. The evidence, we conclude, is most consistent with the view that markets in fact helped alleviate these crises, albeit modestly.Aujourd'hui ces matieres paraissent d'une telle aridite qu'elles provoquent le vide, meme au sein du parlement, si par hasard on les y discute…On ne voit plus des ecarts de prix comparables a ceux des grandes annees de famine de la fin du regne de Louis XIV: 1693 et 1709.Germain Martin (French historian) in 1908[Today these issues seem so stupifyingly dull that they produce an empty house, even in parliament, if by chance they are discussed there…. One no longer sees gaps in prices comparable to those of the years of famine at the end of the reign of Louis XIV, in 1693 and 1709.] Martin, “Famines,” p. 150.

Francois Caillou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • une famille tourangelle sous l Ancien Regime les segoin
    Annales De Bretagne Et Des Pays De L Ouest, 1995
    Co-Authors: Francois Caillou
    Abstract:

    La question des mecanismes de l'ascension sociale dans la France provinciale d'Ancien Regime est frequemment soulevee dans les travaux historiques. A ce sujet, le cas de la famille Segoin s'avere tres instructif. Etablis a Tours, les Segoin exercent d'abord des metiers commerciaux avant de se tourner vers le monde de l'office. Grâce a une gestion rigoureuse de leur bien et une habile politique d'alliance matrimoniale, ils se hissent a la fin du XVIIe siecle au sommet de la hierarchie urbaine. Au debut du regne de Louis XV, l'un d'eux, tresorier de France, devient maire de Tours. L'appui d'un protecteur influent, le marquis de Dangeau, leur permet meme d'integrer l'elite des grands commis de la Couronne. C'est a ce moment, alors que les plus brillantes perspectives s'offrent a elle, que la lignee s'eteint.