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K. A. Scholes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Nitrate Movement after Anhydrous Ammonia Application in a Ridge Tillage System
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994
    Co-Authors: D. E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, K. Brix‐davis, K. A. Scholes
    Abstract:

    Ridge application of N fertilizer has been promoted as a management tool to reduce nitrate movement. However, Anhydrous Ammonia applicator knives produce slots, which may impact water and nitrate movement. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of N fertilizer placement by an Anhydrous Ammonia applicator on nitrate movement within a ridge tillage system. Anhydrous Ammonia was applied in a subsurface band to the ridge or valley areas of a ridge tillage system at the rates of 0 or 200 kg N ha -1 . Rainfall (17 cm) was applied with a drop-type artificial rainfall simulator 3, 10, and 24 d after fertilizer application in a fallowed field (.)

N. Rokbani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Upgrading of sorghum stover with Anhydrous Ammonia or urea treatments
    Animal Feed Science and Technology, 1994
    Co-Authors: H. Ben Salem, Ali Nefzaoui, N. Rokbani
    Abstract:

    Abstract The effects of Anhydrous Ammonia and urea treatments of sorghum stover on intake, in vivo digestibility, in situ dry matter degradation and nitrogen balance on sheep were compared. Untreated, Ammonia-treated (3% dry matter (DM) basis) and urea-treated (5.3% and 25% water, DM basis) stovers were fed ad libitum to four sheep, supplemented with 300 g of barley and 30 g of a mineral/vitamin mix for 25 days. Both treatments resulted in a smaller decrease in the fibre content of stover, but total nitrogen contents were markedly increased with urea (18.9% of DM) and Ammonia (17.0% of DM) treatments compared with untreated stover (9.3% of DM). The free Ammonia nitrogen and the fibre-bound nitrogen (N-NDF) contents were increased by the Ammonia (+2.4 g kg−1 and +0.6 g kg−1 DM, respectively) and the urea (+4.4 g kg−1 and +0.4 g kg−1 DM) treatments. Ammonia treatment resulted in an increase in the DM intake from 31.4 g DM kg−1 W0.75 for untreated stover to 47.2 g DM kg−1 W0.75; urea treatment increased DM intake to 46.8 g DM kg−1 W0.75. Organic matter, fibre and crude protein digestibilities were increased when stover was treated. The highest crude protein digestibility and nitrogen retention values were obtained with the urea treatment (66.6% and 6.2 g day−1 respectively), while the highest fibre digestibility (NDF) value was recorded with the Ammonia treatment (65.1%). Rumen cellulolytic activity measured as in situ dry matter degradation showed the same pattern of variation as in in vivo fibre digestibility. Ammonia and urea treatments increased the potentially degradable fraction from 61.4% for untreated stover to 80.1% and 68.4% respectively. The rate of degradation also increased from 2.88% h−1 for untreated stover to 2.92% h−1 and 3.67% h−1, respectively, with Ammonia and urea treatments. Both Anhydrous Ammonia and urea treatments increased the intake and digestion of sorghum stover by sheep. Urea is as effective as Anhydrous Ammonia in improving the nutritive value of sorghum stover.

Evgenij V. Malykhin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Selective one-pot synthesis of aminopolyhalobenzonitriles from polyhalobenzotrichlorides in Anhydrous Ammonia
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2017
    Co-Authors: Tamara A. Vaganova, Vladimir Rodionov, I. P. Chuikov, Ekaterina A. Chochrina, Evgenij V. Malykhin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Polyhalogenated benzotrichlorides (pentafluoro-, chlorotetrafluoro-, chlorotrifluoro-, and tetrafluorobenzotrichlorides) undergo one-pot ammonolysis + aminodefluorination by the action of Anhydrous Ammonia to form mono- and diamino derivatives of polyhalobenzonitriles. For the substrates comprising halogen at the para-position, the ammonolysis of the CCl3 group and the first aminodefluorination occur simultaneously in the temperature range from −33 to 5 °C. The temperature of introducing the second NH2 group is higher by 60–100 °C, whereby conditions were found for the selective synthesis of mono- and diaminopolyhalobenzonitriles. The use of Anhydrous Ammonia as a reagent and a solvent minimizes side reactions and simplifies an isolation of the high purity products.

  • Selective mono- and diamination of some polyhalogenbenzenes in Anhydrous Ammonia
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2015
    Co-Authors: Vladimir Rodionov, Tamara A. Vaganova, Evgenij V. Malykhin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Aminodefluorination of polyhalogenbenzenes (chloropentafluoro-, 1,3-dichlorotetrafluoro-, sym -trichlorotrifluoro-, 1,2,3,5-tetrafluoro- and 1,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-3-trifluoromethylbezenes) in Anhydrous Ammonia was investigated. The optimal conditions for selective preparation of mono- and diamino derivatives, which are ensured by the reaction temperature, were elucidated. In some examples of diamine synthesis, in order to improve the selectivity of second aminodefluorination, it is advisable to separate the isomeric monoamino derivatives produced in the first step of the synthesis.

  • Direct di- and triamination of polyfluoropyridines in Anhydrous Ammonia
    Journal of Fluorine Chemistry, 2009
    Co-Authors: Soltan Z. Kusov, Tamara A. Vaganova, Vladimir Rodionov, Inna K. Shundrina, Evgenij V. Malykhin
    Abstract:

    Aminodefluorination of polyfluoropyridines (pentafluoro-, 3,5-dichlorotrifluoro-, 3- and 4-chlorotetrafluoro-, 2,3,5,6- and 2,3,4,6-tetrafluoro-, 3-chloro-2,4,6-trifluoro-, and 2,4,6-trifluoropyridine) in Anhydrous Ammonia has been investigated. Temperatures of the second and third amino group introduction into pyridine ring were shown to increase significantly thus ensuring conditions for selective preparation of mono-, di- and, in the case of perhalopyridines as starting compounds, triaminoderivatives with high yield and purity.

D. E. Clay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Nitrate Movement after Anhydrous Ammonia Application in a Ridge Tillage System
    Journal of Environmental Quality, 1994
    Co-Authors: D. E. Clay, Sharon A. Clay, K. Brix‐davis, K. A. Scholes
    Abstract:

    Ridge application of N fertilizer has been promoted as a management tool to reduce nitrate movement. However, Anhydrous Ammonia applicator knives produce slots, which may impact water and nitrate movement. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of N fertilizer placement by an Anhydrous Ammonia applicator on nitrate movement within a ridge tillage system. Anhydrous Ammonia was applied in a subsurface band to the ridge or valley areas of a ridge tillage system at the rates of 0 or 200 kg N ha -1 . Rainfall (17 cm) was applied with a drop-type artificial rainfall simulator 3, 10, and 24 d after fertilizer application in a fallowed field (.)

Nindyo, Anung Pambuko - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Penyebab Kenaikan Suhu Muatan Saat Proses Pemuatan Anhydrous Ammonia Fully Refrigerated Pada LPG/C Pupuk Indonesia
    2018
    Co-Authors: Nindyo, Anung Pambuko
    Abstract:

    pengangkutan Anhydrous Ammonia pada kapal fully refrigerated memerlukan perhatian khusus dalam penanganan suhu dan tekanan pada tangki muatan sehingga tangki muatan siap untuk dimuati perlu untuk mengetahui cara penanganan suhu dan tekanan pada tangki muatan dalam pemuatannya kendala yang mempengaruhinya dan upaya dalam mengatasi kendala tersebut. Muatan Anhydrous Ammonia pada tekanan udara luar akan menguap pada suhu yang sangat rendah yaitu 33.00C. Suhu dan tekanan pada tangki muatan harus tetap dalam keadaan stabil dalam menjaga muatan agar tetap dalam bentuk cair. Dalam menangani suhu dan tekanan tangki muatan dilaksanakan dengan menjalankan reliquefaction system dalam persiapan tangki muatan, mengkondisikan tangki muatan agar siap dimuati dan selalu memperhatikan kenaikan atau penurunan suhu dan tekanan tangki saat pemuatan berlangsung. Kendala berupa panasnya muatan dari Jetty dan kurang optimalnya kinerja reliquefaction system akibat gangguan pada kondenser muatan dan pompa air laut. Upaya untuk mengatasinya dengan segera melakukan komunikasi dengan operator Jetty dan memasang vapour return line dalam pemuatan. Kata kunci : Anhydrous Ammonia Fully Refrigerated, Suhu dan Tekanan Tanki Muatan, Pemu

  • PENYEBAB KENAIKAN SUHU MUATAN SAAT PROSES PEMUATAN Anhydrous Ammonia FULLY REFRIGERATED DI LPG/C PUPUK INDONESIA
    2018
    Co-Authors: Nindyo, Anung Pambuko
    Abstract:

    ABSTRAK Nindyo Anung Pambuko, 2018, NIT : 51145227. N : “Penyebab Kenaikan Suhu Muatan Saat Proses Pemuatan Anhydrous Ammonia Fully Refrigerated di LPG/C Pupuk Indonesia”, skripsi, Program Studi Nautika, Program Diploma IV, Politeknik Ilmu Pelayaran Semarang, Pembimbing I: Capt. Dodik Widarbowo, MT, M.Mar. Pembimbing II: Tony Santiko, S.ST, M.Si. Pengangkutan Anhydrous Ammonia pada kapal fully refrigerated memerlukan perhatian khusus dalam penanganan suhu dan tekanan pada tangki muatan sehingga tangki muatan siap untuk dimuati maka perlu untuk mengetahui cara penanganan suhu dan tekanan pada tangki muatan dalam pemuatannya serta kendala yang mempengaruhinya dan upaya dalam mengatasi kendala tersebut. Adapun tinjauan pustaka sebagai pendukung penulisan skripsi bahwa muatan Anhydrous Ammonia pada tekanan udara luar akan menguap pada suhu yang sangat rendah yaitu -33.00C. Maka suhu dan tekanan pada tangki muatan harus tetap dalam keadaan stabil dalam menjaga muatan agar tetap dalam bentuk cair. Dalam penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode fishbone analysis sebagai pemetaan masalah dan metode USG (Urgency, Seriousness, Growth) untuk menyusun urutan prioritas isu yang harus diselesaikan, serta pengumpulan data secara observasi dengan cara mengamati langsung objek penelitian, melakukan wawancara dengan sejumlah responden dan didukung dengan metode dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa dalam menangani suhu dan tekanan tangki muatan dilaksanakan dengan menjalankan reliquefaction system dalam persiapan tangki muatan, mengkondisikan tangki muatan agar siap dimuati dan selalu memperhatikan kenaikan atau penurunan suhu dan tekanan tangki saat pemuatan berlangsung. Sedangkan kendala berupa panasnya muatan dari Jetty dan kurang optimalnya kinerja reliquefaction system akibat gangguan pada kondenser muatan dan pompa air laut. Maka upaya untuk mengatasinya adalah dengan segera melakukan komunikasi dengan operator Jetty dan memasang vapour return line dalam pemuatan. Pada akhirnya hasil penelitian tentang penanganan suhu dan tekanan pada tangki muatan dalam pemuatan LPG/C Pupuk Indonesia penting dilaksanakan di atas kapal untuk terciptanya suatu tujuan (memperlancar pelaksanaan pemuatan Anhydrous Ammonia fully refrigerated) dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan serta dapat diambil suatu kesimpulan ataupun sebagai evaluasi untuk referensi. Kata kunci : Anhydrous Ammonia Fully Refrigerated, Suhu dan Tekanan Tanki Muatan, Pemuata