The Experts below are selected from a list of 138954 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Paolo Zatta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of aluminum consumption on the vestibulo-ocular reflex
Metabolic Brain Disease, 2006Co-Authors: Ombretta Mameli, M. A. Caria, Paolo Melis, M. Ramila, Pamela Zambenedetti, Paolo ZattaAbstract:The effects of chronic exposure (90 days) to Aluminum chloride (AlCl_3) were analyzed in 3, 10 and 24 month old male rats ( n =270) by investigating the function of the VOR (vestibulo-ocular reflex) in correlation with Aluminum (Al) concentrations in blood and brain. The VOR was chosen and tested in basal conditions (pre-exposure measures) and during the continuous administration of three different concentrations of AlCl_3 (0.5, 1, 2 g/l in drinking solution): the control Animals being exposed to NaCl (0.125, 0.25 and 5 g/l in drinking solution). Results showed that LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level) was 43.1±11.4 mg Al/kg-day. At this concentration the Al induced significant VOR impairment in all exposed rats, regardless of Animal Age. Neuroanatomical analysis showed that VOR impairment was not dependent on astrocyte damAge nor evidences of amyloid deposits in the exposed rats was found. Significant changes of Al concentrations were observed in nervous tissue, while its concentration in whole blood was unaffected. Furthermore, results show that it is possible to identify an individual neurotoxic threshold for each Animal and therefore hypothesize the clinical use of the VOR test for the evaluation of individual risk toxicity to chronic Al exposure.
-
Effect of aluminum consumption on the vestibulo-ocular reflex
Metabolic Brain Disease, 2006Co-Authors: Ombretta Mameli, M. A. Caria, Paolo Melis, M. Ramila, Pamela Zambenedetti, Paolo ZattaAbstract:The effects of chronic exposure (90 days) to Aluminum chloride (AlCl_3) were analyzed in 3, 10 and 24 month old male rats ( n =270) by investigating the function of the VOR (vestibulo-ocular reflex) in correlation with Aluminum (Al) concentrations in blood and brain. The VOR was chosen and tested in basal conditions (pre-exposure measures) and during the continuous administration of three different concentrations of AlCl_3 (0.5, 1, 2 g/l in drinking solution): the control Animals being exposed to NaCl (0.125, 0.25 and 5 g/l in drinking solution). Results showed that LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level) was 43.1±11.4 mg Al/kg-day. At this concentration the Al induced significant VOR impairment in all exposed rats, regardless of Animal Age. Neuroanatomical analysis showed that VOR impairment was not dependent on astrocyte damAge nor evidences of amyloid deposits in the exposed rats was found. Significant changes of Al concentrations were observed in nervous tissue, while its concentration in whole blood was unaffected. Furthermore, results show that it is possible to identify an individual neurotoxic threshold for each Animal and therefore hypothesize the clinical use of the VOR test for the evaluation of individual risk toxicity to chronic Al exposure.
Stephen F Badylak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the effect of source Animal Age upon the in vivo remodeling characteristics of an extracellular matrix scaffold
Biomaterials, 2012Co-Authors: Brian M Sicari, Scott A Johnson, Bernard F Siu, Peter M Crapo, Kerry A Daly, Hongbin Jiang, Christopher J Medberry, Stephen Tottey, Neill J Turner, Stephen F BadylakAbstract:Biologic scaffolds composed of mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM) are routinely used for the repair and reconstruction of injured or missing tissues in a variety of pre-clinical and clinical applications. However, the structural and functional outcomes have varied considerably. An important variable of xenogeneic biologic scaffolds is the Age of the Animal from which the ECM is derived. The present study compared the in vivo host response and remodeling outcomes of biologic scaffolds composed of small intestinal submucosa (SIS)-ECM harvested from pigs that differed only in Age. Results showed that there are distinct differences in the remodeling characteristics as a consequence of source Animal Age. Scaffolds derived from younger Animals were associated with a more constructive, site appropriate, tissue remodeling response than scaffolds derived from older Animals. Furthermore, the constructive remodeling response was associated with a dominant M2 macrophAge response.
-
the effect of source Animal Age upon extracellular matrix scaffold properties
Biomaterials, 2011Co-Authors: Stephen Tottey, Scott A Johnson, Peter M Crapo, Hongbin Jiang, Christopher J Medberry, Janet E Reing, Li Zhang, Brandon P Reines, Stephen F BadylakAbstract:Biologic scaffold materials composed of mammalian extracellular matrix (ECM) are commonly used for the repair and reconstruction of injured tissues. An important, but unexplored variable of biologic scaffolds is the Age of the Animal from which the ECM is prepared. The objective of the present study was to compare the structural, mechanical, and compositional properties of small intestinal submucosa (SIS)-ECM harvested from pigs that differed only in Age. Degradation product bioactivity of these ECM materials was also examined. Results showed that there are distinct differences in each of these variables among the various Age source ECM scaffolds. The strength and growth factors content of ECM from 3-week-old Animals is less than that of ECM harvested from 12, 26 or >52-week-old Animals. The elastic modulus of SIS-ECM for 3 week and >52-week-old source was less than that of the 12 and 26 week source. Degradation products from all Age source ECMs were chemotactic for perivascular stem cells, with the 12 week source the most potent, while the oldest source caused the greatest increase in proliferation. In summary, distinct differences exist in the mechanical, structural, and biologic properties of SIS-ECM harvested from different Aged Animals.
Ombretta Mameli - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Effect of aluminum consumption on the vestibulo-ocular reflex
Metabolic Brain Disease, 2006Co-Authors: Ombretta Mameli, M. A. Caria, Paolo Melis, M. Ramila, Pamela Zambenedetti, Paolo ZattaAbstract:The effects of chronic exposure (90 days) to Aluminum chloride (AlCl_3) were analyzed in 3, 10 and 24 month old male rats ( n =270) by investigating the function of the VOR (vestibulo-ocular reflex) in correlation with Aluminum (Al) concentrations in blood and brain. The VOR was chosen and tested in basal conditions (pre-exposure measures) and during the continuous administration of three different concentrations of AlCl_3 (0.5, 1, 2 g/l in drinking solution): the control Animals being exposed to NaCl (0.125, 0.25 and 5 g/l in drinking solution). Results showed that LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level) was 43.1±11.4 mg Al/kg-day. At this concentration the Al induced significant VOR impairment in all exposed rats, regardless of Animal Age. Neuroanatomical analysis showed that VOR impairment was not dependent on astrocyte damAge nor evidences of amyloid deposits in the exposed rats was found. Significant changes of Al concentrations were observed in nervous tissue, while its concentration in whole blood was unaffected. Furthermore, results show that it is possible to identify an individual neurotoxic threshold for each Animal and therefore hypothesize the clinical use of the VOR test for the evaluation of individual risk toxicity to chronic Al exposure.
-
Effect of aluminum consumption on the vestibulo-ocular reflex
Metabolic Brain Disease, 2006Co-Authors: Ombretta Mameli, M. A. Caria, Paolo Melis, M. Ramila, Pamela Zambenedetti, Paolo ZattaAbstract:The effects of chronic exposure (90 days) to Aluminum chloride (AlCl_3) were analyzed in 3, 10 and 24 month old male rats ( n =270) by investigating the function of the VOR (vestibulo-ocular reflex) in correlation with Aluminum (Al) concentrations in blood and brain. The VOR was chosen and tested in basal conditions (pre-exposure measures) and during the continuous administration of three different concentrations of AlCl_3 (0.5, 1, 2 g/l in drinking solution): the control Animals being exposed to NaCl (0.125, 0.25 and 5 g/l in drinking solution). Results showed that LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level) was 43.1±11.4 mg Al/kg-day. At this concentration the Al induced significant VOR impairment in all exposed rats, regardless of Animal Age. Neuroanatomical analysis showed that VOR impairment was not dependent on astrocyte damAge nor evidences of amyloid deposits in the exposed rats was found. Significant changes of Al concentrations were observed in nervous tissue, while its concentration in whole blood was unaffected. Furthermore, results show that it is possible to identify an individual neurotoxic threshold for each Animal and therefore hypothesize the clinical use of the VOR test for the evaluation of individual risk toxicity to chronic Al exposure.
Adele L Boskey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of in vivo loading on bone composition varies with Animal Age
Experimental Gerontology, 2015Co-Authors: Marta Aido, Adele L Boskey, Michael Kerschnitzki, Rebecca M Hoerth, Sara Checa, Lyudmila Spevak, Peter Fratzl, Georg N Duda, Wolfgang Wagermaier, Bettina M WillieAbstract:Loading can increase bone mass and size and this response is reduced with aging. It is unclear, however how loading affects bone mineral and matrix properties. Fourier transform infrared imaging and high resolution synchrotron scanning small angle X-ray scattering were used to study how bone's microscale and nanoscale compositional properties were altered in the tibial midshaft of young, adult, and elderly female C57Bl/6J mice after two weeks of controlled in vivo compressive loading in comparison to physiological loading. The effect of controlled loading on bone composition varied with Animal Age, since it predominantly influenced the bone composition of elderly mice. Interestingly, controlled loading led to enhanced collAgen maturity in elderly mice. In addition, although the rate of bone formation was increased by controlled loading based on histomorphometry, the newly formed tissue had similar material quality to the new bone tissue formed during physiological loading. Similar to previous studies, our data showed that bone composition was Animal Age- and tissue Age-dependent during physiological loading. The findings that the new tissue formed in response to controlled loading and physiological loading had similar bone composition and that controlled loading enhanced bone composition in elderly mice further support the use of physical activity as a noninvasive treatment to enhance bone quality as well as maintain bone mass in individuals suffering from Age-related bone loss.
-
microstructure and nanomechanical properties in osteons relate to tissue and Animal Age
Journal of Biomechanics, 2011Co-Authors: Jayme C Burket, Samuel Gourionarsiquaud, Lorena M Havill, Shefford P Baker, Adele L Boskey, Marjolein C H Van Der MeulenAbstract:Abstract Material property changes in bone tissue with Ageing are a crucial missing component in our ability to understand and predict Age-related fracture. Cortical bone osteons contain a natural gradient in tissue Age, providing an ideal location to examine these effects. This study utilized osteons from baboons Aged 0–32 years (n=12 females), representing the baboon lifespan, to examine effects of tissue and Animal Age on mechanical properties and composition of the material. Tissue mechanical properties (indentation modulus and hardness), composition (mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate substitution, and crystallinity), and aligned collAgen content (aligned collAgen peak height ratio) were sampled along three radial lines in three osteons per sample by nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy, and second harmonic generation microscopy, respectively. Indentation modulus, hardness, mineral-to-matrix ratio, carbonate substitution, and aligned collAgen peak height ratio followed biphasic relationships with Animal Age, increasing sharply during rapid growth before leveling off at sexual maturity. Mineral-to-matrix ratio and carbonate substitution increased 12% and 6.7%, respectively, per year across young Animals during growth, corresponding with a nearly 7% increase in stiffness and hardness. Carbonate substitution and aligned collAgen peak height ratio both increased with tissue Age, increasing 6–12% across the osteon radii. Indentation modulus most strongly correlated with mineral-to-matrix ratio, which explained 78% of the variation in indentation modulus. Overall, the measured compositional and mechanical parameters were the lowest in tissue of the youngest Animals. These results demonstrate that composition and mechanical function are closely related and influenced by tissue and Animal Age.
-
spatial variation in osteonal bone properties relative to tissue and Animal Age
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2009Co-Authors: Samuel Gourionarsiquaud, Jayme C Burket, Lorena M Havill, Adele L Boskey, Marjolein C H Van Der Meulen, Edward F Dicarlo, Stephen B Doty, Richard MendelsohnAbstract:Little is known about osteonal bone mineral and matrix properties, although these properties are of major importance for the understanding of bone alterations related to Age and bone diseases such as osteoporosis. During aging, bone undergoes modifications that compromise their structural integrity as shown clinically by the increase of fracture incidence with Age. Based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis from baboons between 0 and 32 yr of Age, consistent systematic variations in bone properties as a function of tissue Age are reported within osteons. The patterns observed were independent of Animal Age and positively correlated with bone tissue elastic behavior measured by nano-indentation. As long as tissue Age is expressed as a percentAge of the entire osteon radius, osteonal analyses can be used to characterize disease changes independent of the size of the osteon. These mineral and matrix analyses can be used to explain bone fragility. The mineral content (mineral-to-matrix ratio) was correlated with the Animal Age in both old (interstitial) and newly formed bone tissue, showing for the first time that Age-related changes in BMC can be explain by an alteration in the mineralization process itself and not only by an imbalance in the remodeling process.
D L Hopkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
do sarcomere length collAgen content ph intramuscular fat and desmin degradation explain variation in the tenderness of three ovine muscles
Meat Science, 2016Co-Authors: G H Geesink, Colin P Starkey, Damian Collins, Hutton V Oddy, D L HopkinsAbstract:The longissimus (n=118) (LL), semimembranosus (n=104) (SM) and biceps femoris (n=134) (BF) muscles were collected from lamb and sheep carcases and Aged for 5days (LL and SM) and 14days (BF) to study the impact of muscle characteristics on tenderness as assessed by shear force (SF) and sensory evaluation. The impact of gender, Animal Age, collAgen content, sarcomere length (SL), desmin degradation, ultimate pH and intramuscular fat (IMF) on tenderness was examined. The main factors which influenced SF of the LL were IMF, SL and desmin degradation, but for sensory tenderness, IMF, ultimate pH and gender were the main factors. The SF and sensory tenderness of the SM was best predicted by the degree of desmin degradation. For the BF soluble collAgen and Animal Age both influenced SF. Different factors affect tenderness across muscles and not one prediction model applied across all muscles equally well.
-
effect of electrical stimulation and Ageing period on alpaca vicugna pacos meat and eating quality
Meat Science, 2016Co-Authors: Melanie A Smith, R D Ush, R Van De Ve, D L HopkinsAbstract:This study investigated the effects of using medium voltAge (~300 V) electrical stimulation (ES) and Ageing on alpaca meat. A total of 50 huacaya alpacas were distributed across three Age groups (18, 24 and 36 months) and two genders (females and castrated males). At 24h post mortem the m. longissimus thoracis et lumborum (LL) and m. semimembranosus (SM) muscles were removed and Aged for either 5 or 10 days. In comparison to non-ES samples, ES significantly reduced: LL purge values by 3.0% and LL shear force (SF) at 5 and 10 days (by 21.6N and Ageing further reduced tenderness by 6.6N), and SM SF by 5.8 N with significant Age effects observed in both ES and non-ES SM samples, such that SF increased by 0.53 N with each month increase in Animal Age. Consumers rated ES samples higher on tenderness, juiciness, flavour and overall rating. ES and Ageing of alpaca carcasses are recommended.
-
unravelling the complex interactions between genetics Animal Age and nutrition as they impact on tissue deposition muscle characteristics and quality of australian sheep meat
Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 2007Co-Authors: R D Warner, D W Pethick, P L Greenwood, E N Ponnampalam, R G Banks, D L HopkinsAbstract:The combined effects of Age and genetics and Poll Dorset sire and growth path were studied in two separate experiments (n = 595 and 627, respectively). In the first experiment, containing genotype crosses typically used in Australia (Merino, Poll Dorset, Border Leicester) and sires selected for growth or muscling, sheep were slaughtered at 4, 8, 14 and 22 months. The second experiment used Poll Dorset sires selected for high muscling, fat or growth with progeny having two levels of nutrition postweaning. Border Leicesters expressed higher levels of carcass fat percentAge and intramuscular fat and produced the heaviest carcass. Merinos had the lowest subcutaneous fat depth and highest carcass lean percentAge when compared at the same Age. The progeny of Poll Dorset sires selected for high muscling (PDm) expressed a shift toward glycolytic fibres relative to those from Merino sires, and PDm sires produced progeny with reduced spine and limb length and higher carcass muscle:mineral ratios, suggesting skeletal stunting. Genotype meat quality differences were minimal except that PDm sire topsides were tougher and Merinos produced higher pH meat. With Age (4-22 months), lambs became heavier and fatter, fibres shifted towards oxidative and away from glycolytic, muscle myoglobin increased, the meat became darker and redder and tenderness declined. Early weaning had no effect on the time to reach slaughter weight, provided nutrition was not restricted. The sire genetics influence on the carcass composition far outweighed the effect of nutrition postweaning. Lambs on a restricted diet tended to have less acceptable meat quality but this was not evident in lambs from sires selected for high fatness. Sensory tenderness was improved and intramuscular fat was higher in lamb progeny from sires selected for high fatness.
-
effects of Animal Age on the eating quality of sheep meat
Animal Production Science, 2005Co-Authors: D W Pethick, D L Hopkins, D N Dsouza, J M Thompson, P J WalkerAbstract:The aim of this work was to test the effects of Animal Age on consumer perceptions of sheep meat quality. Experiment 1 tested eating quality scores (tenderness, liking of flavour, juiciness and overall liking) derived from untrained consumers of grilled M. longissimus lumborum (LL) or M. biceps femoris (BF) derived from Merino ewes ranging from 8.5 to 68.5 months of Age. The ewes were derived from one farm and all received a pelleted diet (60% hay, 30% lupin grain and 10% barley grain) that sustained growth between 118 and 173 g/day for at least 22 days pre-slaughter. In experiment 2 consumer testing of grilled LL and roasted BF and M. semimembranosis (SM) was conducted on a commercial line of 12-month-old White Suffolk × Merino lambs (0 erupted incisor teeth) v. a line of Merino yearling sheep about 22 months old (with either 2 or 4 erupted incisor teeth). The results of experiment 1 showed a significant effect of muscle (LL>BF, P<0.001) and a cubic effect of Animal Age on the consumer scores for grilled steaks. The cubic relationship was due to meat from lamb (8.5 months) and hogget (20 months) having higher scores than those of older Animals. There was a close relationship between the objective measures of tenderness and the consumer tenderness score (r2 = 0.53, P<0.001). Results of experiment 2 indicated no significant difference between the grilled LL for the crossbred lamb and 22-month-old (2–4 teeth) Merino yearling sheep. However, the consumer scores for the roasted BF and SM were significantly depressed in the 2–4 tooth yearling Merino categories. In conclusion, this work clearly underpins the current Australian definition of lamb, lamb having better eating-quality attributes than older Animals with fully erupted permanent incisor teeth, particularly in muscles from across the carcass. However, this work also highlights the eating quality attributes of older sheep (6 or more permanent incisor teeth) particularly for the LL, and suggests that negative influences of flavour associated with older sheep meat are minimal when the product is served in the absence of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat. Finally, the results suggest the possibility of a new ‘yearling’ sheep meat category based on Animals in the 2–4-tooth dentition category.