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Peter S Thorne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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residential proximity to Animal Feeding Operations and risk of lymphohematopoietic cancers in the iowa women s health study
ISEE Conference Abstracts, 2021Co-Authors: Jared A Fisher, Peter S Thorne, Mary H Ward, Jessica M Madrigal, Ian D Buller, Jonathan N Hofmann, Laura Beane E Freeman, Rena R JonesAbstract:BACKGROUND AND AIM: Animal Feeding Operations (AFOs) are important sources of hazardous emissions into the surrounding environment. Residential proximity to farm Animals has been linked to the risk...
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passive monitors to measure hydrogen sulfide near concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 2013Co-Authors: Brian Pavilonis, Patrick T Oshaughnessy, Ralph Altmaier, Nervana Metwali, Peter S ThorneAbstract:Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of many airborne pollutants emitted by concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). However, few studies have characterized ambient H2S levels near these facilities, largely due to the lack of low-cost, reliable, and easily transportable instrumentation available to researchers. We determined intermediate environmental H2S exposure near CAFOs using Radiello passive monitors. First, a laboratory study was performed to determine the accuracy of the device. Next, a total of eight passive H2S monitors were deployed bi-weekly in close proximity (<40 m) to a medium-sized swine confinement for seven months in order to determine the temporal and spatial variability of H2S. Finally, we measured H2S concentrations across two rural Iowa counties to characterize ambient exposure near thirteen CAFOs and two schools. The value of the temperature-adjusted H2S passive diffusion rate provided by the supplier was 29% larger than the 24 h rate determined experimentally. Concentrations of H2S measured near the medium-sized confinement were varied and ranged from 0.2 to 48.6 ppb depending on the sampling period and proximity to a lagoon on the property. Two-week concentrations near the schools were low (<1 ppb), while concentrations near the thirteen CAFOs ranged from 0.1 to 42.9 ppb. The passive monitors were effective in measuring H2S concentrations near a swine CAFO as long as they were exposed for a sufficient period of time (two weeks). Radiello passive monitors are a promising new device in measuring intermediate H2S exposure in rural populations. Measured values in excess of an Iowa state limit of 30 ppb (24 h average) suggest that enforcement actions are needed to mitigate H2S migration from swine CAFOs.
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community health and socioeconomic issues surrounding concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007Co-Authors: Kelley J. Donham, Steven Wing, David Osterberg, Carol J Hodne, Jan L Flora, Peter S ThorneAbstract:A consensus of the Workgroup on Community and Socioeconomic Issues was that improving and sustaining healthy rural communities depends on integrating socioeconomic development and environmental protection. The workgroup agreed that the World Health Organization’s definition of health, “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,” applies to rural communities. These principles are embodied in the following main points agreed upon by this workgroup. Healthy rural communities ensure a) the physical and mental health of individuals, b) financial security for individuals and the greater community, c) social well-being, d ) social and environmental justice, and e) political equity and access. This workgroup evaluated impacts of the proliferation of concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) on sustaining the health of rural communities. Recommended policy changes include a more stringent process for issuing permits for CAFOs, considering bonding for manure storage basins, limiting Animal density per watershed, enhancing local control, and mandating environmental impact statements.
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impacts of waste from concentrated Animal Feeding Operations on water quality
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Jo Ann M. Burkholder, Bob Libra, Peter J Weyer, Susan Heathcote, Dana W Kolpin, Peter S Thorne, Michael WichmanAbstract:Waste from agricultural livestock Operations has been a long-standing concern with respect to contamination of water resources, particularly in terms of nutrient pollution. However, the recent growth of concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) presents a greater risk to water quality because of both the increased volume of waste and to contaminants that may be present (e.g., antibiotics and other veterinary drugs) that may have both environmental and public health importance. Based on available data, generally accepted livestock waste management practices do not adequately or effectively protect water resources from contamination with excessive nutrients, microbial pathogens, and pharmaceuticals present in the waste. Impacts on surface water sources and wildlife have been documented in many agricultural areas in the United States. Potential impacts on human and environmental health from long-term inadvertent exposure to water contaminated with pharmaceuticals and other compounds are a growing public concern. This work-group, which is part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, identified needs for rigorous ecosystem monitoring in the vicinity of CAFOs and for improved characterization of major toxicants affecting the environment and human health. Last, there is a need to promote and enforce best practices to minimize inputs of nutrients and toxicants from CAFOs into freshwater and marine ecosystems.
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health effects of airborne exposures from concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Dick Heederik, Torben Sigsgaard, Rachel Avery, Jakob Hjort Bonlokke, Elizabeth A Chrischilles, James A Dosman, Peter S Thorne, Joel N. Kline, Caroline Duchaine, Steven R KirkhornAbstract:Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) into the general environment. These include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, malodorous vapors, and particles contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms. Little is known about the health risks of exposure to these agents for people living in the surrounding areas. Malodor is one of the predominant concerns, and there is evidence that psychophysiologic changes may occur as a result of exposure to malodorous compounds. There is a paucity of data regarding community adverse health effects related to low-level gas and particulate emissions. Most information comes from studies among workers in CAFO installations. Research over the last decades has shown that microbial exposures, especially endotoxin exposure, are related to deleterious respiratory health effects, of which cross-shift lung function decline and accelerated decline over time are the most pronounced effects. Studies in naive subjects and workers have shown respiratory inflammatory responses related to the microbial load. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, concluded that there is a great need to evaluate health effects from exposures to the toxic gases, vapors, and particles emitted into the general environment by CAFOs. Research should focus not only on nuisance and odors but also on potential health effects from microbial exposures, concentrating on susceptible subgroups, especially asthmatic children and the elderly, since these exposures have been shown to be related to respiratory health effects among workers in CAFOs.
Steve Wing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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source tracking swine fecal waste in surface water proximal to swine concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Science of The Total Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Christopher D Heaney, Kevin Myers, Devon Hall, Dothula Baron, Steve Wing, Jill R StewartAbstract:Swine farming has gone through many changes in the last few decades, resulting in Operations with a high Animal density known as confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). These Operations produce a large quantity of fecal waste whose environmental impacts are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate microbial water quality in surface waters proximal to swine CAFOs including microbial source tracking of fecal microbes specific to swine. For one year, surface water samples at up- and downstream sites proximal to swine CAFO lagoon waste land application sites were tested for fecal indicator bacteria (fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus) and candidate swine-specific microbial source-tracking (MST) markers (Bacteroidales Pig-1-Bac, Pig-2-Bac, and Pig-Bac-2, and methanogen P23-2). Testing of 187 samples showed high fecal indicator bacteria concentrations at both up- and downstream sites. Overall, 40%, 23%, and 61% of samples exceeded state and federal recreational water quality guidelines for fecal coliforms, E. coli, and Enterococcus, respectively. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac showed the highest specificity to swine fecal wastes and were 2.47 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 5.94) and 2.30 times (95% CI = 0.90, 5.88) as prevalent proximal down- than proximal upstream of swine CAFOs, respectively. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac were also 2.87 (95% CI = 1.21, 6.80) and 3.36 (95% CI = 1.34, 8.41) times as prevalent when 48 hour antecedent rainfall was greater than versus less than the mean, respectively. Results suggest diffuse and overall poor sanitary quality of surface waters where swine CAFO density is high. Pig-1-Bac and Pig-2-Bac are useful for tracking off-site conveyance of swine fecal wastes into surface waters proximal to and downstream of swine CAFOs and during rain events.
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air pollution lung function and physical symptoms in communities near concentrated swine Feeding Operations
Epidemiology, 2011Co-Authors: Leah Schinasi, Steve Wing, Stephen W. Marshall, Rachel Avery Horton, Virginia T Guidry, Kimberly B MorlandAbstract:Background:Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations emit air pollutants that may affect health. We examined associations of reported hog odor and of monitored air pollutants with physical symptoms and lung function in people living within 1.5 miles of hog Operations.Methods:Between September 2003 and
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race poverty and potential exposure of middle school students to air emissions from confined swine Feeding Operations
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2005Co-Authors: Maria C. Mirabelli, Steve Wing, Stephen W. Marshall, Timothy C. WilcoskyAbstract:Previous studies suggest that airborne effluent from swine confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) may affect the health and quality of life of adults and the prevalence of asthma symptoms among...
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the potential impact of flooding on confined Animal Feeding Operations in eastern north carolina
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2002Co-Authors: Steve Wing, Stephanie Freedman, Lawrence E BandAbstract:Thousands of confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) have been constructed in eastern North Carolina. The fecal waste pit and spray field waste management systems used by these Operations are su...
Terence J Centner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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preemption of local governmental ordinances regulating concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in the united states
Environment and Pollution, 2015Co-Authors: Terence J Centner, Jessica E AlcornAbstract:Public discontent with practices accompanying the production of food Animals has led to requests to increase governmental oversight of pollutants. In the United States, special attention has focused on Animal waste disposal practices at concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. Communities concerned with environmental quality want to enact local ordinances to regulate objectionable activities. Simultaneously, state legislatures also regulate these activities, and a state comprehensive regulatory system may preempt ordinances of local governments. An investigation of issues posed by livestock facilities shows that local governments should retain authority to enact local ordinances addressing negative externalities from livestock Operations.
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reducing concentrated Animal Feeding Operations permitting requirements
Journal of Animal Science, 2011Co-Authors: Terence J Centner, G L NewtonAbstract:Many owners and operators of concen- trated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO) need to se- cure National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits from the federal or state permitting authority. Because of the expense and inconvenience of permit ap- plications, farm groups have challenged revisions to the federal CAFO Rule as well as state regulations claim- ing selected provisions exceeded the authority of the
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Addressing water contamination from concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Land Use Policy, 2011Co-Authors: Terence J CentnerAbstract:Pollution from concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) in the United States is impairing water quality. CAFOs have been designated as point sources of pollutants, so under the Clean Water Act, they need a permit before they discharge pollutants into federal waters. Federal regulations known as the CAFO Rule delineate particulars about which CAFOs need permits and details about how CAFOs must minimize discharges of pollutants. The provisions of the CAFO Rule have been controversial. Revisions in 2003 and 2008 were challenged by agricultural and environmental groups for not complying with the requirements set forth by federal law. Agricultural groups feel the rule imposes too many costs and that some of the regulatory provisions are invalid because they not pursuant to any statutory authority. Environmentalists feel that the rule does not provide sufficient requirements to prevent discharges of pollutants. The analysis of five major issues illuminates the challenges faced by governments as they make efforts to limit contamination of water resources.
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Governmental Oversight of Discharges from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations
Environmental Management, 2006Co-Authors: Terence J CentnerAbstract:As point sources of pollution in the United States, concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) are subject to the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permitting system requirements. Changes to federal regulations in 2003 and a 2005 court decision have increased the governmental oversight of CAFOs. Manure application to fields from “large CAFOs” that results in unpermitted discharges can be regulated under the Clean Water Act. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s interpretation of agricultural stormwater discharges was approved so that unpermitted discharges may arise if an owner or operator of a CAFO fails to apply manure correctly. Owners and operators do not, however, have a duty to secure governmental permits in the absence of a discharge. Turning to the federal provisions regarding nutrient management plans, a court found that they were deficient. Moreover, the federal government needs to reconsider requirements that would reduce pathogens from entering surface waters. Although these developments should assist in reducing the impairment of U.S. waters, concern still exists. Greater oversight of nutrient management plans and enhanced enforcement efforts offer opportunities to provide greater assurance that CAFO owners and operators will not allow a discharge of pollutants to enter surface waters.
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regulating manure application discharges from concentrated Animal Feeding Operations in the united states
Environmental Pollution, 2006Co-Authors: Terence J Centner, Theodore A FeitshansAbstract:In the United States, reducing pollution from agriculture has received attention due to data suggesting that this is the leading source of impairment of many waterbodies. The federal government revised its regulations governing concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) to enhance governmental oversight over sources of pollution. For the application of manure resulting in pollutant discharges, CAFOs need to implement nutrient management plans. A federal court affirmed the ability of the US federal government to oversee the application of manure from CAFOs that have discharges. Simultaneously, owners and operators of CAFOs who have implemented an appropriate nutrient management plan may forgo securing a permit if their discharges qualify under the agricultural stormwater discharge exemption.
Carsten Warneke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emissions of volatile organic compounds vocs from concentrated Animal Feeding Operations cafos chemical compositions and separation of sources
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017Co-Authors: Andrzej Koss, Carsten Warneke, Matthew M Coggon, B YuanAbstract:Abstract. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS), which can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow for the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the Operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of Animal-related emissions (Animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with Animals and their waste.
B Yuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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emissions of volatile organic compounds vocs from concentrated Animal Feeding Operations cafos chemical compositions and separation of sources
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 2017Co-Authors: Andrzej Koss, Carsten Warneke, Matthew M Coggon, B YuanAbstract:Abstract. Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS), which can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow for the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the Operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of Animal-related emissions (Animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with Animals and their waste.