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Zhimin Qiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occurrence and partition of antibiotics in the liquid and solid phases of swine wastewater from concentrated Animal Feeding operations in shandong province china
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts, 2013Co-Authors: Zhimin QiangAbstract:Swine wastewater represents an important pollution source of antibiotics in the environment; however, regional data about residual antibiotics in swine wastewater are very limited at present. This study investigated the concentrations of three classes of commonly used veterinary antibiotics, including five sulfonamides (SAs), three tetracyclines (TCs) and one macrolide (tiamulin, TIA), in swine wastewater collected from 21 concentrated Animal Feeding operation (CAFO) sites in Shandong Province, China. Both the liquid and solid (i.e., suspended solids) phases of swine wastewater were analyzed to determine the total concentration of each studied antibiotic. Results indicate that sulfamethazine had the highest median concentration (14.56 μg L−1), followed by oxytetracycline (OTC, 8.05 μg L−1) and chlortetracycline (CTC, 6.01 μg L−1). The maximum detected concentration reached up to 2.02 mg L−1 (OTC) and the highest detection frequency was 95.1% (CTC). The median concentrations and detection frequencies of antibiotics in winter samples were generally higher than those in summer samples (except CTC). The log Kd values were in the range of 1.31–1.96 for SAs, 2.05–2.33 for TCs, and 1.54–1.58 for TIA in swine wastewater. More TCs (14–28%) preferred to partition in the solid phase than SAs (2–10%) and TIA (5–10%), indicating that the suspended solids of swine wastewater may not be ignored.
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residual veterinary antibiotics in swine manure from concentrated Animal Feeding operations in shandong province china
Chemosphere, 2011Co-Authors: Zhimin Qiang, Meixue ChenAbstract:Abstract The scientific interest in the occurrence and fate of antibiotics in Animal husbandry has increased during the past decades because of the emergence and development of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria. This study developed a method for simultaneous detection of five sulfonamides, three tetracyclines and one macrolide in swine manure with stable recoveries (73.0–110.6%) and high sensitivity (limit of quantification
Bruno Biavati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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probiotics and prebiotics in Animal Feeding for safe food production
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Francesca Gaggia, Paola Mattarelli, Bruno BiavatiAbstract:Recent outbreaks of food-borne diseases highlight the need for reducing bacterial pathogens in foods of Animal origin. Animal enteric pathogens are a direct source for food contamination. The ban of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) has been a challenge for Animal nutrition increasing the need to find alternative methods to control and prevent pathogenic bacterial colonization. The modulation of the gut microbiota with new feed additives, such as probiotics and prebiotics, towards host-protecting functions to support Animal health, is a topical issue in Animal breeding and creates fascinating possibilities. Although the knowledge on the effects of such feed additives has increased, essential information concerning their impact on the host are, to date, incomplete. For the future, the most important target, within probiotic and prebiotic research, is a demonstrated health-promoting benefit supported by knowledge on the mechanistic actions. Genomic-based knowledge on the composition and functions of the gut microbiota, as well as its deviations, will advance the selection of new and specific probiotics. Potential combinations of suitable probiotics and prebiotics may prove to be the next step to reduce the risk of intestinal diseases and remove specific microbial disorders. In this review we discuss the current knowledge on the contribution of the gut microbiota to host well-being. Moreover, we review available information on probiotics and prebiotics and their application in Animal Feeding.
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Probiotics and prebiotics in Animal Feeding for safe food production
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: Francesca Gaggia, Paola Mattarelli, Bruno BiavatiAbstract:Recent outbreaks of food-borne diseases highlight the need for reducing bacterial pathogens in foods of Animal origin. Animal enteric pathogens are a direct source for food contamination. The ban of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGPs) has been a challenge for Animal nutrition increasing the need to find alternative methods to control and prevent pathogenic bacterial colonization. The modulation of the gut microbiota with new feed additives, such as probiotics and prebiotics, towards host-protecting functions to support Animal health, is a topical issue in Animal breeding and creates fascinating possibilities. Although the knowledge on the effects of such feed additives has increased, essential information concerning their impact on the host are, to date, incomplete. For the future, the most important target, within probiotic and prebiotic research, is a demonstrated health-promoting benefit supported by knowledge on the mechanistic actions. Genomic-based knowledge on the composition and functions of the gut microbiota, as well as its deviations, will advance the selection of new and specific probiotics. Potential combinations of suitable probiotics and prebiotics may prove to be the next step to reduce the risk of intestinal diseases and remove specific microbial disorders. In this review we discuss the current knowledge on the contribution of the gut microbiota to host well-being. Moreover, we review available information on probiotics and prebiotics and their application in Animal Feeding. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Susanna G Von Essen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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updated systematic review associations between proximity to Animal Feeding operations and health of individuals in nearby communities
Systematic Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Annette M Oconnor, Brent W Auvermann, Julian P T Higgins, Shelley Kirychuk, Jan M Sargeant, Julie Glanville, Hannah Wood, Rungano Stan Dzikamunhenga, Sarah C Totton, Susanna G Von EssenAbstract:The objective of this review was to update a systematic review of associations between living near an Animal Feeding operation (AFO) and human health. The MEDLINE® and MEDLINE® In-Process, Centre for Agricultural Biosciences Abstracts, and Science Citation Index databases were searched. Reference lists of included articles were hand-searched. Eligible studies reported exposure to an AFO and an individual-level human health outcome. Two reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. The search returned 3702 citations. Sixteen articles consisting of 10 study populations were included in the analysis. The health outcomes were lower and upper respiratory tracts, MRSA, other infectious disease, neurological, psychological, dermatological, otologic, ocular, gastrointestinal, stress and mood, and other non-infectious health outcomes. Most studies were observational and used prevalence measures of outcome. An association between Q fever risk and proximity to goat production was reported. Other associations were unclear. Risk of bias was serious or critical for most exposure-outcome associations. Multiplicity (i.e., a large number of potentially correlated outcomes and exposures assessed on the same study subjects) was common in the evidence base. Few studies reported an association between surrogate clinical outcomes and AFO proximity for respiratory tract-related outcomes. There were no consistent dose-response relationships between surrogate clinical outcome and AFO proximity. A new finding was that Q fever in goats is likely associated with an increased Q fever risk in community members. The review results for the non-respiratory health outcomes were inconclusive because only a small number of studies were available or the between-study results were inconsistent. PROSPERO CRD42014010521
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the association between proximity to Animal Feeding operations and community health a protocol for updating a systematic review
Systematic Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Annette M Oconnor, Brent W Auvermann, Julian P T Higgins, Shelley Kirychuk, Jan M Sargeant, Susanna G Von Essen, Julie Glanville, Hannah WoodAbstract:Background Livestock and poultry operations that feed large numbers of Animals are common. Facility capacity varies, but it is not uncommon for facilities to house 1,000 swine with multiple barns at a single site, feedlots to house 50,000 cattle, and poultry houses to house 250,000 hens. There is primary research that suggests livestock facilities that confine Animals indoors for Feeding can represent a health hazard for surrounding communities. In this protocol, we describe a review about the association between proximity to Animal-Feeding operations (AFOs) and the health of individuals in nearby communities. A systematic review of the topic was published by some members of our group in 2010. The purpose of this review is to update that review.
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the association between proximity to Animal Feeding operations and community health a systematic review
PLOS ONE, 2010Co-Authors: Annette M Oconnor, Steven R Kirkhorn, Brent W Auvermann, Jan M Sargeant, Danelle A Bickettweddle, Alejandro Ramirez, Susanna G Von EssenAbstract:Background A systematic review was conducted for the association between Animal Feeding operations (AFOs) and the health of individuals living near AFOs. Methodology/Principal Findings The review was restricted to studies reporting respiratory, gastrointestinal and mental health outcomes in individuals living near AFOs in North America, European Union, United Kingdom, and Scandinavia. From June to September 2008 searches were conducted in PUBMED, CAB, Web-of-Science, and Agricola with no restrictions. Hand searching of narrative reviews was also used. Two reviewers independently evaluated the role of chance, confounding, information, selection and analytic bias on the study outcome. Nine relevant studies were identified. The studies were heterogeneous with respect to outcomes and exposures assessed. Few studies reported an association between surrogate clinical outcomes and AFO proximity. A negative association was reported when odor was the measure of exposure to AFOs and self-reported disease, the measure of outcome. There was evidence of an association between self-reported disease and proximity to AFO in individuals annoyed by AFO odor. Conclusions/Significance There was inconsistent evidence of a weak association between self-reported disease in people with allergies or familial history of allergies. No consistent dose response relationship between exposure and disease was observable.
Annette M Oconnor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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updated systematic review associations between proximity to Animal Feeding operations and health of individuals in nearby communities
Systematic Reviews, 2017Co-Authors: Annette M Oconnor, Brent W Auvermann, Julian P T Higgins, Shelley Kirychuk, Jan M Sargeant, Julie Glanville, Hannah Wood, Rungano Stan Dzikamunhenga, Sarah C Totton, Susanna G Von EssenAbstract:The objective of this review was to update a systematic review of associations between living near an Animal Feeding operation (AFO) and human health. The MEDLINE® and MEDLINE® In-Process, Centre for Agricultural Biosciences Abstracts, and Science Citation Index databases were searched. Reference lists of included articles were hand-searched. Eligible studies reported exposure to an AFO and an individual-level human health outcome. Two reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. The search returned 3702 citations. Sixteen articles consisting of 10 study populations were included in the analysis. The health outcomes were lower and upper respiratory tracts, MRSA, other infectious disease, neurological, psychological, dermatological, otologic, ocular, gastrointestinal, stress and mood, and other non-infectious health outcomes. Most studies were observational and used prevalence measures of outcome. An association between Q fever risk and proximity to goat production was reported. Other associations were unclear. Risk of bias was serious or critical for most exposure-outcome associations. Multiplicity (i.e., a large number of potentially correlated outcomes and exposures assessed on the same study subjects) was common in the evidence base. Few studies reported an association between surrogate clinical outcomes and AFO proximity for respiratory tract-related outcomes. There were no consistent dose-response relationships between surrogate clinical outcome and AFO proximity. A new finding was that Q fever in goats is likely associated with an increased Q fever risk in community members. The review results for the non-respiratory health outcomes were inconclusive because only a small number of studies were available or the between-study results were inconsistent. PROSPERO CRD42014010521
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the association between proximity to Animal Feeding operations and community health a protocol for updating a systematic review
Systematic Reviews, 2014Co-Authors: Annette M Oconnor, Brent W Auvermann, Julian P T Higgins, Shelley Kirychuk, Jan M Sargeant, Susanna G Von Essen, Julie Glanville, Hannah WoodAbstract:Background Livestock and poultry operations that feed large numbers of Animals are common. Facility capacity varies, but it is not uncommon for facilities to house 1,000 swine with multiple barns at a single site, feedlots to house 50,000 cattle, and poultry houses to house 250,000 hens. There is primary research that suggests livestock facilities that confine Animals indoors for Feeding can represent a health hazard for surrounding communities. In this protocol, we describe a review about the association between proximity to Animal-Feeding operations (AFOs) and the health of individuals in nearby communities. A systematic review of the topic was published by some members of our group in 2010. The purpose of this review is to update that review.
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the association between proximity to Animal Feeding operations and community health a systematic review
PLOS ONE, 2010Co-Authors: Annette M Oconnor, Steven R Kirkhorn, Brent W Auvermann, Jan M Sargeant, Danelle A Bickettweddle, Alejandro Ramirez, Susanna G Von EssenAbstract:Background A systematic review was conducted for the association between Animal Feeding operations (AFOs) and the health of individuals living near AFOs. Methodology/Principal Findings The review was restricted to studies reporting respiratory, gastrointestinal and mental health outcomes in individuals living near AFOs in North America, European Union, United Kingdom, and Scandinavia. From June to September 2008 searches were conducted in PUBMED, CAB, Web-of-Science, and Agricola with no restrictions. Hand searching of narrative reviews was also used. Two reviewers independently evaluated the role of chance, confounding, information, selection and analytic bias on the study outcome. Nine relevant studies were identified. The studies were heterogeneous with respect to outcomes and exposures assessed. Few studies reported an association between surrogate clinical outcomes and AFO proximity. A negative association was reported when odor was the measure of exposure to AFOs and self-reported disease, the measure of outcome. There was evidence of an association between self-reported disease and proximity to AFO in individuals annoyed by AFO odor. Conclusions/Significance There was inconsistent evidence of a weak association between self-reported disease in people with allergies or familial history of allergies. No consistent dose response relationship between exposure and disease was observable.
Peter S Thorne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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community health and socioeconomic issues surrounding concentrated Animal Feeding operations
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2007Co-Authors: Kelley J Donham, Steven Wing, David Osterberg, Jan L Flora, Carol J Hodne, Peter S ThorneAbstract:A consensus of the Workgroup on Community and Socioeconomic Issues was that improving and sustaining healthy rural communities depends on integrating socioeconomic development and environmental protection. The workgroup agreed that the World Health Organization’s definition of health, “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,” applies to rural communities. These principles are embodied in the following main points agreed upon by this workgroup. Healthy rural communities ensure a) the physical and mental health of individuals, b) financial security for individuals and the greater community, c) social well-being, d ) social and environmental justice, and e) political equity and access. This workgroup evaluated impacts of the proliferation of concentrated Animal Feeding operations (CAFOs) on sustaining the health of rural communities. Recommended policy changes include a more stringent process for issuing permits for CAFOs, considering bonding for manure storage basins, limiting Animal density per watershed, enhancing local control, and mandating environmental impact statements.
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impacts of waste from concentrated Animal Feeding operations on water quality
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Joann M Burkholder, Bob Libra, Peter J Weyer, Susan Heathcote, Dana W Kolpin, Peter S Thorne, Michael WichmanAbstract:Waste from agricultural livestock operations has been a long-standing concern with respect to contamination of water resources, particularly in terms of nutrient pollution. However, the recent growth of concentrated Animal Feeding operations (CAFOs) presents a greater risk to water quality because of both the increased volume of waste and to contaminants that may be present (e.g., antibiotics and other veterinary drugs) that may have both environmental and public health importance. Based on available data, generally accepted livestock waste management practices do not adequately or effectively protect water resources from contamination with excessive nutrients, microbial pathogens, and pharmaceuticals present in the waste. Impacts on surface water sources and wildlife have been documented in many agricultural areas in the United States. Potential impacts on human and environmental health from long-term inadvertent exposure to water contaminated with pharmaceuticals and other compounds are a growing public concern. This work-group, which is part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, identified needs for rigorous ecosystem monitoring in the vicinity of CAFOs and for improved characterization of major toxicants affecting the environment and human health. Last, there is a need to promote and enforce best practices to minimize inputs of nutrients and toxicants from CAFOs into freshwater and marine ecosystems.
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health effects of airborne exposures from concentrated Animal Feeding operations
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Dick Heederik, Peter S Thorne, Torben Sigsgaard, Joel N Kline, Rachel Avery, Jakob Hjort Bonlokke, Elizabeth A Chrischilles, James A Dosman, Caroline Duchaine, Steven R KirkhornAbstract:Toxic gases, vapors, and particles are emitted from concentrated Animal Feeding operations (CAFOs) into the general environment. These include ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, malodorous vapors, and particles contaminated with a wide range of microorganisms. Little is known about the health risks of exposure to these agents for people living in the surrounding areas. Malodor is one of the predominant concerns, and there is evidence that psychophysiologic changes may occur as a result of exposure to malodorous compounds. There is a paucity of data regarding community adverse health effects related to low-level gas and particulate emissions. Most information comes from studies among workers in CAFO installations. Research over the last decades has shown that microbial exposures, especially endotoxin exposure, are related to deleterious respiratory health effects, of which cross-shift lung function decline and accelerated decline over time are the most pronounced effects. Studies in naive subjects and workers have shown respiratory inflammatory responses related to the microbial load. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, concluded that there is a great need to evaluate health effects from exposures to the toxic gases, vapors, and particles emitted into the general environment by CAFOs. Research should focus not only on nuisance and odors but also on potential health effects from microbial exposures, concentrating on susceptible subgroups, especially asthmatic children and the elderly, since these exposures have been shown to be related to respiratory health effects among workers in CAFOs.
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the potential role of concentrated Animal Feeding operations in infectious disease epidemics and antibiotic resistance
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Mary J R Gilchrist, Christina Greko, David Wallinga, George W Beran, David G Riley, Peter S ThorneAbstract:The industrialization of livestock production and the widespread use of nontherapeutic antimicrobial growth promotants has intensified the risk for the emergence of new, more virulent, or more resistant microorganisms. These have reduced the effectiveness of several classes of antibiotics for treating infections in humans and livestock. Recent outbreaks of virulent strains of influenza have arisen from swine and poultry raised in close proximity. This working group, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, considered the state of the science around these issues and concurred with the World Health Organization call for a phasing-out of the use of antimicrobial growth promotants for livestock and fish production. We also agree that all therapeutic antimicrobial agents should be available only by prescription for human and veterinary use. Concern about the risk of an influenza pandemic leads us to recommend that regulations be promulgated to restrict the co-location of swine and poultry concentrated Animal Feeding operations (CAFOs) on the same site and to set appropriate separation distances.
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monitoring and modeling of emissions from concentrated Animal Feeding operations overview of methods
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Bryan Bunton, Peter S Thorne, Patrick T Oshaughnessy, Sean Fitzsimmons, John Gering, Stephen Hoff, Merete Lyngbye, Jeffrey Wasson, Mark WernerAbstract:Accurate monitors are required to determine ambient concentration levels of contaminants emanating from concentrated Animal Feeding operations (CAFOs), and accurate models are required to indicate the spatial variability of concentrations over regions affected by CAFOs. A thorough understanding of the spatial and temporal variability of concentration levels could then be associated with locations of healthy individuals or subjects with respiratory ailments to statistically link the presence of CAFOs to the prevalence of ill health effects in local populations. This workgroup report, which was part of the Conference on Environmental Health Impacts of Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations: Anticipating Hazards—Searching for Solutions, describes instrumentation currently available for assessing contaminant concentration levels in the vicinity of CAFOs and reviews plume dispersion models that may be used to estimate concentration levels spatially. Recommendations for further research with respect to ambient air monitoring include accurately determining long-term average concentrations for a region under the influence of CAFO emissions using a combination of instruments based on accuracy, cost, and sampling duration. In addition, development of instruments capable of accurately quantifying adsorbed gases and volatile organic compounds is needed. Further research with respect to plume dispersion models includes identifying and validating the most applicable model for use in predicting downwind concentrations from CAFOs. Additional data are needed to obtain reliable emission rates from CAFOs.