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Chris J Jackson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a comparison of revised reinforcement sensitivity theory with other contemporary personality models
Personality and Individual Differences, 2017Co-Authors: Chris J Jackson, Ralph FrostAbstract:Abstract Gray and McNaughton's revised Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (r-RST) is unique among personality models because it is based on contemporary neuroscience and Animal Learning. We advocate r-RST provides a basis through which to compare strengths and weaknesses of other biologically-based personality models. We compare r-RST to Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking and Jackson's Hybrid Model of Learning in Personality (HMLP), Elliot and Thrash's Approach and Avoidance Temperament Model (AATM), and Cloninger's Psychobiological Model of Temperament and Character (PMTC). We highlight that most modern models conflate or under-represent systems of r-RST despite possessing other admirable qualities. We think r-RST could be more widely used as a strong basic model of temperament with applications across work, clinical, educational, and other domains.
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gray s reinforcement sensitivity theory a psychometric critique
Personality and Individual Differences, 2003Co-Authors: Chris J JacksonAbstract:This study identifies valid orthogonal scales of Gray’s Animal Learning paradigms, upon which his Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory (RST) is based, by determining a revised structure to the Gray–Wilson Personality Questionnaire (GWPQ) (Wilson, Gray, & Barrett, 1990). It is also determined how well Gray’s RST scales predict the surface scales of personality, which were measured in terms of Eysenck Personality Profiler (EPP) scales, the EPQ-R and the Learning styles questionnaire (LSQ) scales. First, results suggest that independent pathways of RST scales may exist in humans. Second, Fight seems related to Anxiety and not the Fight/Flight system as proposed by RST. Third, a remarkably consistent story emerges in that Extraversion scales are predicted by Fight, Psychoticism scales are predicted by Activeavoidance, Fight and/or Flight, and Neuroticism scales tend not to be predicted at all (except for Anxiety). Fourth, Gray’s revised scales are unrelated to gender and age effects and show a predictable overlap with the LSQ and original GWPQ scales. It is concluded that Gray’s model of personality might provide a stable biological basis of many surface scales of personality, but that there must also be other influences on personality. These results question the finer structure of Gray’s RST whilst also showing that RST has greater range of applicability than a strict interpretation of theory implies. # 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Rueben A. Gonzales - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Ethanol Seeking by Long Evans Rats Is Not Always a Goal-Directed Behavior
2016Co-Authors: Regina A. Mangieri, Roberto U. Cofresı́, Rueben A. GonzalesAbstract:Background: Two parallel and interacting processes are said to underlie Animal behavior, whereby Learning and performance of a behavior is at first via conscious and deliberate (goal-directed) processes, but after initial acquisition, the behavior can become automatic and stimulus-elicited (habitual). With respect to instrumental behaviors, Animal Learning studies suggest that the duration of training and the action-outcome contingency are two factors involved in the emergence of habitual seeking of ‘‘natural’ ’ reinforcers (e.g., sweet solutions, food or sucrose pellets). To rigorously test whether behaviors reinforced by abused substances such as ethanol, in particular, similarly become habitual was the primary aim of this study. Methodology/Principal Findings: Male Long Evans rats underwent extended or limited operant lever press training with 10 % sucrose/10 % ethanol (10S10E) reinforcement (variable interval (VI) or (VR) ratio schedule of reinforcement), or with 10% sucrose (10S) reinforcement (VI schedule only). Once training and pretesting were complete, the impact of outcome devaluation on operant behavior was evaluated after lithium chloride injections were paired with the reinforcer, or unpaired 24 hours later. After limited, but not extended instrumental training, lever pressing by groups trained under VR with 10S10E and under VI with 10S was sensitive to outcome devaluation. In contrast, responding by both the extended and limited training 10S10E VI groups was not sensitive to ethanol devaluation during the test for habitual behavior
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ethanol seeking by long evans rats is not always a goal directed behavior
PLOS ONE, 2012Co-Authors: Regina A. Mangieri, Roberto U Cofresi, Rueben A. GonzalesAbstract:Background: Two parallel and interacting processes are said to underlie Animal behavior, whereby Learning and performance of a behavior is at first via conscious and deliberate (goal-directed) processes, but after initial acquisition, the behavior can become automatic and stimulus-elicited (habitual). With respect to instrumental behaviors, Animal Learning studies suggest that the duration of training and the action-outcome contingency are two factors involved in the emergence of habitual seeking of ‘‘natural’’ reinforcers (e.g., sweet solutions, food or sucrose pellets). To rigorously test whether behaviors reinforced by abused substances such as ethanol, in particular, similarly become habitual was the primary aim of this study. Methodology/Principal Findings: Male Long Evans rats underwent extended or limited operant lever press training with 10% sucrose/10% ethanol (10S10E) reinforcement (variable interval (VI) or (VR) ratio schedule of reinforcement), or with 10% sucrose (10S) reinforcement (VI schedule only). Once training and pretesting were complete, the impact of outcome devaluation on operant behavior was evaluated after lithium chloride injections were paired with the reinforcer, or unpaired 24 hours later. After limited, but not extended instrumental training, lever pressing by groups trained under VR with 10S10E and under VI with 10S was sensitive to outcome devaluation. In contrast, responding by both the extended and limited training 10S10E VI groups was not sensitive to ethanol devaluation during the test for habitual behavior. Conclusions/Significance: Operant behavior by rats trained to self-administer an ethanol-sucrose solution showed variable sensitivity to a change in the value of ethanol, with relative insensitivity developing sooner in Animals that received timevariable ethanol reinforcement during training sessions. One important implication, with respect to substance abuse in humans, is that initial Learning about the relationship between instrumental actions and the opportunity to consume ethanol-containing drinks can influence the time course for the development or expression of habitual ethanol seeking behavior.
Christiane Linster - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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context dependent odor Learning requires the anterior olfactory nucleus
Behavioral Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Max Levinson, Jacob P Kolenda, Gabriella J Alexandrou, Olga Escanilla, Thomas A Cleland, David M Smith, Christiane LinsterAbstract:Learning to associate the context in which a stimulus occurs is an important aspect of Animal Learning. We propose that the association of an olfactory stimulus with its multisensory context is mediated by projections from ventral hippocampus (vHC) networks to the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Using a contextually cued olfactory discrimination task, rats were trained to associate 2 olfactory stimuli with different responses depending on visuospatial context. Temporary lesions of the AON or vHC impaired performance on this task. In contrast, such lesions did not impair performance on a noncontextual olfactory discrimination task. Moreover, vHC lesions also impaired performance on an analogous contextually cued texture discrimination task, whereas AON lesions affected only olfactory contextual associations. We describe a distinct role for the AON in olfactory processing and conclude that early olfactory networks such as the olfactory bulb and AON function as multimodal integration networks rather than processing olfactory signals exclusively. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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context dependent odor Learning requires the anterior olfactory nucleus
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Max Levinson, Jacob P Kolenda, Gabriella J Alexandrou, Olga Escanilla, Thomas A Cleland, David M Smith, Christiane LinsterAbstract:Learning to associate the context in which a stimulus occurs is an important aspect of Animal Learning. We propose that the association of an olfactory stimulus with its multisensory context is mediated by projections from ventral hippocampal networks (vHC) to the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Using a contextually-cued olfactory discrimination task, rats were trained to associate two olfactory stimuli with different responses depending on visuo-spatial context. Temporary lesions of the AON or vHC impaired performance on this task. In contrast, such lesions did not impair performance on a non-contextual olfactory discrimination task. Moreover, vHC lesions also impaired performance on an analogous contextually-cued texture discrimination task, whereas AON lesions affected only olfactory contextual associations. We describe a distinct role for the AON in olfactory processing, and conclude that early olfactory networks such as the olfactory bulb and AON function as multimodal integration networks rather than processing olfactory signals exclusively.
Ryohei Yasuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rac1 is a downstream effector of pkcα in structural synaptic plasticity
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ryohei Yasuda, Lesley A ColganAbstract:Structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines is the basis of Animal Learning. The rapid remodeling of actin cytoskeleton is associated with spine enlargement and shrinkage, which are essential for structural plasticity. The calcium-dependent protein kinase C isoform, PKCα, has been suggested to be critical for this actin-dependent plasticity. However, mechanisms linking PKCα and structural plasticity of spines are unknown. Here, we examine the spatiotemporal activation of actin regulators, including small GTPases Rac1, Cdc42 and Ras, in the presence or absence of PKCα during single-spine structural plasticity. Removal of PKCα expression in the postsynapse attenuated Rac1 activation during structural plasticity without affecting Ras or Cdc42 activity. Moreover, disruption of a PDZ binding domain within PKCα led to impaired Rac1 activation and deficits in structural spine remodeling. These results demonstrate that PKCα positively regulates the activation of Rac1 during structural plasticity.
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rac1 is a downstream effector of pkcα in structural synaptic plasticity
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Ryohei Yasuda, Lesley A ColganAbstract:Abstract Structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines is the basis of Animal Learning. The calcium-dependent protein kinase C isoform, PKCα, has been suggested to be critical for this actin-dependent plasticity. However, mechanisms linking PKCα and structural plasticity of spines are unknown. Here, we examine the spatiotemporal activation of actin regulators, including small GTPases Rac1, Cdc42 and Ras, in the presence or absence of PKCα during single-spine structural plasticity. Removal of PKCα expression in the postsynapse attenuated Rac1 activation during structural plasticity without affecting Ras or Cdc42 activity. Moreover, disruption of a PDZ binding domain within PKCα led to impaired Rac1 activation and deficits in structural spine remodeling. These results demonstrate that PKCα positively regulates the activation of Rac1 during structural plasticity.
Lesley A Colgan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rac1 is a downstream effector of pkcα in structural synaptic plasticity
Scientific Reports, 2020Co-Authors: Ryohei Yasuda, Lesley A ColganAbstract:Structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines is the basis of Animal Learning. The rapid remodeling of actin cytoskeleton is associated with spine enlargement and shrinkage, which are essential for structural plasticity. The calcium-dependent protein kinase C isoform, PKCα, has been suggested to be critical for this actin-dependent plasticity. However, mechanisms linking PKCα and structural plasticity of spines are unknown. Here, we examine the spatiotemporal activation of actin regulators, including small GTPases Rac1, Cdc42 and Ras, in the presence or absence of PKCα during single-spine structural plasticity. Removal of PKCα expression in the postsynapse attenuated Rac1 activation during structural plasticity without affecting Ras or Cdc42 activity. Moreover, disruption of a PDZ binding domain within PKCα led to impaired Rac1 activation and deficits in structural spine remodeling. These results demonstrate that PKCα positively regulates the activation of Rac1 during structural plasticity.
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rac1 is a downstream effector of pkcα in structural synaptic plasticity
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Ryohei Yasuda, Lesley A ColganAbstract:Abstract Structural and functional plasticity of dendritic spines is the basis of Animal Learning. The calcium-dependent protein kinase C isoform, PKCα, has been suggested to be critical for this actin-dependent plasticity. However, mechanisms linking PKCα and structural plasticity of spines are unknown. Here, we examine the spatiotemporal activation of actin regulators, including small GTPases Rac1, Cdc42 and Ras, in the presence or absence of PKCα during single-spine structural plasticity. Removal of PKCα expression in the postsynapse attenuated Rac1 activation during structural plasticity without affecting Ras or Cdc42 activity. Moreover, disruption of a PDZ binding domain within PKCα led to impaired Rac1 activation and deficits in structural spine remodeling. These results demonstrate that PKCα positively regulates the activation of Rac1 during structural plasticity.