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Raphael Hirata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from an asymptomatic dog kept in an Animal Shelter in the metropolitan area of rio de janeiro brazil
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Alexandre Alves De Souza De Oliveira Dias, Feliciano Correa Silva, Gabriela Andrade Pereira, Monica Cristina Souza, Thereza Cristina Ferreira Camello, Jose A L D Damasceno, Anderson Miyoshi, Luis G C Pacheco, Vasco Azevedo, Raphael HirataAbstract:Abstract Corynebacterium ulcerans was isolated from nares of one asymptomatic dog kept in an Animal Shelter in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The RNA polymerase beta subunit-encoding gene was sequenced to confirm the species identity. C. ulcerans strains producing phospholipase D, but not diphtheria toxin, are able to cause severe disease in humans, such as pneumonia and granulomatous nodules in pulmonary tissues. The infection rate varies really widely by region, probably because of the variations in the reported infection rates. Dogs with unapparent C. ulcerans infections may be considered as potentially capable of infecting other Animals and humans, including pet owners. Medical and veterinary staff should be aware that asymptomatic Animals can carry C. ulcerans and cooperate in eliminating infections and monitoring Animals also in the developing countries.
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corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from an asymptomatic dog kept in an Animal Shelter in the metropolitan area of rio de janeiro brazil
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Alexandre Alves De Souza De Oliveira Dias, Feliciano Correa Silva, Gabriela Andrade Pereira, Monica Cristina Souza, Thereza Cristina Ferreira Camello, Jose A L D Damasceno, Anderson Miyoshi, Luis G C Pacheco, Vasco Azevedo, Raphael HirataAbstract:Abstract Corynebacterium ulcerans was isolated from nares of one asymptomatic dog kept in an Animal Shelter in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The RNA polymerase beta subunit-encod...
Philip H. Kass - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cage size movement in and out of housing during daily care and other environmental and population health risk factors for feline upper respiratory disease in nine north american Animal Shelters
PLOS ONE, 2018Co-Authors: Denae Wagner, Philip H. Kass, Kate HurleyAbstract:Upper respiratory infection (URI) is not an inevitable consequence of Sheltering homeless cats. This study documents variation in risk of URI between nine North American Shelters; determines whether this reflects variation in pathogen frequency on intake or differences in transmission and expression of disease; and identifies modifiable environmental and group health factors linked to risk for URI. This study demonstrated that although periodic introduction of pathogens into Shelter populations may be inevitable, disease resulting from those pathogens is not. Housing and care of cats, particularly during their first week of stay in an Animal Shelter environment, significantly affects the rate of upper respiratory infection.
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Epidemiological evaluation of cat health at a first-response Animal Shelter in Fukushima, following the Great East Japan Earthquakes of 2011.
PloS one, 2017Co-Authors: Aki Tanaka, Philip H. Kass, Beatriz Martínez-lópez, Shin-ichi HayamaAbstract:The Great East Japan Earthquakes of March 11, 2011 caused immense harm to the community and subsequent nuclear accident in Fukushima Prefecture extended the damage. Local residents were forced to evacuated without pets and the left behind Animals were rescued from the restricted zone one month later. Unplanned Animal rescue and unregulated Sheltering caused secondary damage to Animals such as disease epidemics at impounded Animal Shelter. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence of upper respiratory infection (URI) and diarrhea in cats at the first response Animal Shelter in Fukushima, and investigate factors affecting the duration of disease and determinants of treatments performed. Eighty percent and 59% of impounded cats developed URI, 71% and 54% of cats developed diarrhea, and 91% and 83% of cats had at least one disease in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Uses of multiple drug administration (more than five drugs) was associated with prolonged URI and diarrhea. Multiple antibiotics, antihistamines, interferon, and steroids were associated with relapse of and prolonged URI. Developing a standardized treatment protocol for commonly observed diseases at Japanese Animal Shelters to prevent and control diseases, to promote Animal welfare, and protect public health in the face of future disasters is overdue.
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epidemiological evaluation of cats rescued at a secondary emergency Animal Shelter in miharu fukushima after the great east japan earthquakes
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Aki Tanaka, Beatriz Martinezlopez, Philip H. KassAbstract:The aims of this research were to report characteristics of rescued cats at a secondary emergency Animal Shelter in Fukushima prefecture, Japan, and evaluate how adoptability, stress level, upper respiratory infection (URI) syndrome incidence, and URI pathogen prevalence were associated with the cat's Shelter intake source and Shelter characteristics. All cats admitted to the Miharu Shelter, Fukushima Prefecture from 2012 to 2014 were included in the study. The results demonstrate that in situ corticosteroid and antibiotic use were associated with cats subsequently developing upper respiratory infections (URI). Disease and cat behavior were unassociated with adoption. Cats in group housing had lower stress metrics than cats individually housed. Prevalences of URI pathogens exceeded 80%, but symptomatic cats were uncommon. Environmental enrichment and stress reduction strategies are important in controlling URI and reducing the need for corticosteroids and antibiotics in Shelters. Preemptive protocols are important in preventing Shelter admission of cats during disasters.
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survey of Animal Shelter managers regarding Shelter veterinary medical services
Veterinary Journal, 2016Co-Authors: B E Ladermanjones, Kate Hurley, Philip H. KassAbstract:Veterinary services are increasingly used in Animal Shelters, and Shelter medicine is an emerging veterinary specialty. However, little is known about working relationships between Animal Shelters and veterinarians. The aims of this survey were to characterize working relationships that Shelter personnel have and want with veterinarians, identify opinions that Shelter managers have regarding the veterinarians they work with, and determine areas for relationship growth between veterinarians and Shelter managers. An electronic survey was distributed to 1373 managers of North American Animal Shelters; 536 (39.0%) responded. Almost all Shelters had some veterinary relationship, and most had regular relationships with veterinarians. The proportion of Shelters that used local clinics (73.9%) was significantly higher than the proportion that retained on-site paid veterinarians (48.5%). The proportion of respondents who did not have but wanted a paid on-site veterinarian (42%) was significantly higher than the proportion of respondents who did not use local clinics but wanted to (7.9%). These data suggest Shelter managers valued veterinary relationships, and wished to expand on-site veterinary services. Almost all Shelters in this study provided some veterinary care, and all respondents identified at least one common infectious disease, which, for most, had a substantial negative impact on Shelter successes. Respondents indicated that the most important roles and greatest expertise of veterinarians were related to surgery, diagnosis and treatment of individual Animals. Education of both veterinarians and Shelter managers may help ensure that Shelters benefit from the full range of services veterinarians can provide, including expertise in disease prevention and Animal behavior.
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associations among weight loss stress and upper respiratory tract infection in Shelter cats
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012Co-Authors: Aki Tanaka, Philip H. Kass, Denae Wagner, Kate HurleyAbstract:Objective—To identify associations among change in body weight, behavioral stress score, food intake score, and development of upper respiratory tract infection (URI) among cats admitted to an Animal Shelter. Design—Prospective cohort study. Animals—60 adult cats admitted to an Animal Shelter. Procedures—Body weight was measured on days 0 (intake), 7, 14, and 21. Behavioral stress and food intake were scored daily for the first 7 days; cats were monitored daily for URI. Results—49 of the 60 (82%) cats lost weight during at least 1 week while in the Shelter. Fifteen (25%) cats lost ≥ 10% of their body weight while in the Shelter. Thirty-five of the 60 (58%) cats developed URI prior to exiting the Shelter, and only 4 cats remained at least 21 days without developing URI. Cats with high stress scores during the first week were 5.6 times as likely to develop URI as were cats with low stress scores. Food intake and stress scores were negatively correlated (r = −0.98). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results...
Alexandre Alves De Souza De Oliveira Dias - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from an asymptomatic dog kept in an Animal Shelter in the metropolitan area of rio de janeiro brazil
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Alexandre Alves De Souza De Oliveira Dias, Feliciano Correa Silva, Gabriela Andrade Pereira, Monica Cristina Souza, Thereza Cristina Ferreira Camello, Jose A L D Damasceno, Anderson Miyoshi, Luis G C Pacheco, Vasco Azevedo, Raphael HirataAbstract:Abstract Corynebacterium ulcerans was isolated from nares of one asymptomatic dog kept in an Animal Shelter in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The RNA polymerase beta subunit-encoding gene was sequenced to confirm the species identity. C. ulcerans strains producing phospholipase D, but not diphtheria toxin, are able to cause severe disease in humans, such as pneumonia and granulomatous nodules in pulmonary tissues. The infection rate varies really widely by region, probably because of the variations in the reported infection rates. Dogs with unapparent C. ulcerans infections may be considered as potentially capable of infecting other Animals and humans, including pet owners. Medical and veterinary staff should be aware that asymptomatic Animals can carry C. ulcerans and cooperate in eliminating infections and monitoring Animals also in the developing countries.
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corynebacterium ulcerans isolated from an asymptomatic dog kept in an Animal Shelter in the metropolitan area of rio de janeiro brazil
Vector-borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2010Co-Authors: Alexandre Alves De Souza De Oliveira Dias, Feliciano Correa Silva, Gabriela Andrade Pereira, Monica Cristina Souza, Thereza Cristina Ferreira Camello, Jose A L D Damasceno, Anderson Miyoshi, Luis G C Pacheco, Vasco Azevedo, Raphael HirataAbstract:Abstract Corynebacterium ulcerans was isolated from nares of one asymptomatic dog kept in an Animal Shelter in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The RNA polymerase beta subunit-encod...
Aki Tanaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Epidemiological evaluation of cat health at a first-response Animal Shelter in Fukushima, following the Great East Japan Earthquakes of 2011.
PloS one, 2017Co-Authors: Aki Tanaka, Philip H. Kass, Beatriz Martínez-lópez, Shin-ichi HayamaAbstract:The Great East Japan Earthquakes of March 11, 2011 caused immense harm to the community and subsequent nuclear accident in Fukushima Prefecture extended the damage. Local residents were forced to evacuated without pets and the left behind Animals were rescued from the restricted zone one month later. Unplanned Animal rescue and unregulated Sheltering caused secondary damage to Animals such as disease epidemics at impounded Animal Shelter. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the incidence of upper respiratory infection (URI) and diarrhea in cats at the first response Animal Shelter in Fukushima, and investigate factors affecting the duration of disease and determinants of treatments performed. Eighty percent and 59% of impounded cats developed URI, 71% and 54% of cats developed diarrhea, and 91% and 83% of cats had at least one disease in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Uses of multiple drug administration (more than five drugs) was associated with prolonged URI and diarrhea. Multiple antibiotics, antihistamines, interferon, and steroids were associated with relapse of and prolonged URI. Developing a standardized treatment protocol for commonly observed diseases at Japanese Animal Shelters to prevent and control diseases, to promote Animal welfare, and protect public health in the face of future disasters is overdue.
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epidemiological evaluation of cats rescued at a secondary emergency Animal Shelter in miharu fukushima after the great east japan earthquakes
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2017Co-Authors: Aki Tanaka, Beatriz Martinezlopez, Philip H. KassAbstract:The aims of this research were to report characteristics of rescued cats at a secondary emergency Animal Shelter in Fukushima prefecture, Japan, and evaluate how adoptability, stress level, upper respiratory infection (URI) syndrome incidence, and URI pathogen prevalence were associated with the cat's Shelter intake source and Shelter characteristics. All cats admitted to the Miharu Shelter, Fukushima Prefecture from 2012 to 2014 were included in the study. The results demonstrate that in situ corticosteroid and antibiotic use were associated with cats subsequently developing upper respiratory infections (URI). Disease and cat behavior were unassociated with adoption. Cats in group housing had lower stress metrics than cats individually housed. Prevalences of URI pathogens exceeded 80%, but symptomatic cats were uncommon. Environmental enrichment and stress reduction strategies are important in controlling URI and reducing the need for corticosteroids and antibiotics in Shelters. Preemptive protocols are important in preventing Shelter admission of cats during disasters.
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associations among weight loss stress and upper respiratory tract infection in Shelter cats
Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 2012Co-Authors: Aki Tanaka, Philip H. Kass, Denae Wagner, Kate HurleyAbstract:Objective—To identify associations among change in body weight, behavioral stress score, food intake score, and development of upper respiratory tract infection (URI) among cats admitted to an Animal Shelter. Design—Prospective cohort study. Animals—60 adult cats admitted to an Animal Shelter. Procedures—Body weight was measured on days 0 (intake), 7, 14, and 21. Behavioral stress and food intake were scored daily for the first 7 days; cats were monitored daily for URI. Results—49 of the 60 (82%) cats lost weight during at least 1 week while in the Shelter. Fifteen (25%) cats lost ≥ 10% of their body weight while in the Shelter. Thirty-five of the 60 (58%) cats developed URI prior to exiting the Shelter, and only 4 cats remained at least 21 days without developing URI. Cats with high stress scores during the first week were 5.6 times as likely to develop URI as were cats with low stress scores. Food intake and stress scores were negatively correlated (r = −0.98). Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results...
Alexandra Protopopova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Intake Vaccinations Reduced Signs of Canine Respiratory Disease During an Outbreak at an Animal Shelter
Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 2021Co-Authors: Allison Andrukonis, Kelsea M. Brown, Nathaniel J. Hall, Alexandra ProtopopovaAbstract:Animal Shelters provide an ideal environment for the spread of disease. Dogs are often housed in close quarters with others of unknown vaccine histories, and experience high levels of sustained stress. As a result, Canine Infection Respiratory Disease (CIRD) is often prevalent and difficult to control. The aims of this study were to (1) identify specific pathogens responsible for CIRD in a city Shelter in West Texas, USA, and (2) determine whether intake vaccinations decrease proportion of dogs exhibiting signs of CIRD even during an outbreak. A laboratory analysis of conjunctival, pharyngeal, and nasal swabs (n = 15 dogs) and fecal samples (n = 6 kennels) showed prevalence of various CIRD pathogens (e.g., canine adenovirus-2, canine parainfluenza virus, canine distemper virus). All fifteen dogs tested positive for at least one pathogen, with the most prevalent pathogen being Canine Distemper Virus (CDV; n = 12). All of the kennels (n=6) tested positive for Canine Distemper Virus. Health data on dogs (n = 1,258) over the age of 6 weeks were assessed from May to August 2017. Beginning in July, both stray and owner-surrendered dogs were vaccinated with Nobivac® Canine 1-DAPPv 5 Way and Nobivac® Intra-Trac® 3 upon intake, which differed from the previous policy. For each day in the study, we calculated the proportion of dogs in each nasal discharge category, the proportion of dogs observed coughing, and the mean fecal score across all dogs. We conducted a linear regression between the proportion of the Shelter vaccinated and the proportion of dogs coughing. At the beginning of the vaccination phase, ~25% of the dogs were coughing. However, as the proportion of the dogs vaccinated increased, the proportion of dogs coughing decreased. There was a significant decrease of 7% of the proportion of dogs coughing when vaccination was at least at 90% compared to when it was <90%. These data suggest that the Shelter in this study was experiencing a CIRD outbreak, with CDV being primary pathogen, and that it is possible to substantially reduce illness by implementing a vaccination on intake protocol. The current study provides support for the importance of vaccination in Animal Shelter welfare.
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the impact of caring and killing on physiological and psychometric measures of stress in Animal Shelter employees a pilot study
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020Co-Authors: Allison Andrukonis, Nathaniel J. Hall, Alexandra ProtopopovaAbstract:Animal Shelter employees are in a unique position where they care for, and later kill, the same Animals. The aim of our exploratory study was to assess whether "caring" and/or "killing" evokes physiological and psychometric indicators of stress in employees. Experiment 1 compared three careers that kill regularly, but involve varying degrees of husbandry (n = 28). Blood pressure (BP), salivary cortisol, heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) were collected; data showed higher HR and lower HRV during the process of killing. Psychometric scales showed that burnout and Impact Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) scores were higher in careers with higher contact with Animals. Experiment 2 compared three careers that involve husbandry, but varying exposure to killing (n = 41). BP, cortisol awakening response, HR, and HRV were measured as well as Professional Quality of Life Scale, IES-R, and Moral Injury Event Scale were administered. There were no significant differences across careers in any measures. The data suggest that the process of killing may be physiologically stressful to the person, and higher levels of Animal contact in a euthanasia context may be associated with burnout and traumatic stress, but that the act of euthanasia is not a unique predictor of overall occupational distress.
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occupational health of Animal Shelter employees by live release rate Shelter type and euthanasia related decision
Anthrozoos, 2020Co-Authors: Allison Andrukonis, Alexandra ProtopopovaAbstract:ABSTRACTApproximately a quarter of dogs and cats in Animal Shelters in the United States are euthanized. The stress associated with having to care for Animals they subsequently euthanize puts anima...
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behavioral predictors of subsequent respiratory illness signs in dogs admitted to an Animal Shelter
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Alexandra Protopopova, Allison Andrukonis, Kelsea M. Brown, Nathaniel J. Hall, Jessica P HekmanAbstract:Individual variability is evident in behavior and physiology of Animals. Determining whether behavior at intake may predict subsequent illness in the Animal Shelter may influence the management of dogs housed at Animal Shelters and reduce overall disease. While normally associated with mild disease and low mortality rates, respiratory disease nevertheless poses significant challenges to the management of dogs in the stressful environment of Animal Shelters due to its highly infectious nature. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore whether behavior at intake can predict subsequent occurrence and progression of upper respiratory disease in dogs at Animal Shelters. In a correlational study, 84 dogs were assessed throughout their stay at a city Animal Shelter. The dogs were subjected to a behavioral assessment, 1 min in-kennel behavioral observations across two observation periods, and the collection of urinary cortisol:creatinine (C:C) ratio. The occurrence and progression of upper respiratory disease was monitored through repeated clinical exams (rectal temperature and the occurrence of nasal and ocular discharge, and presence of coughing and sneezing). A basic PLS Path regression model revealed that time in the Shelter (estimate = .53, p < .001), and sociability (estimate = .24, p < .001) and curiosity scores (estimate = .09, p = .026) were associated with increased illness. Activity and anxiety scores, however, were not associated with illness. Urinary C:C, taken on the first full day, did not predict subsequent illness when accounting for time. Limitations included attrition of dogs, a small percentage receiving vaccinations, and continuous and non-systematic rotation of dogs in the kennels. Understanding if behavior can predict subsequent illness may improve Shelter management practices, and in turn, result in improved live-release outcomes.
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judging a dog by its cover morphology but not training influences visitor behavior toward kenneled dogs at Animal Shelters
Anthrozoos, 2016Co-Authors: Alexandra Protopopova, Clive D L WynneAbstract:ABSTRACTCurrently, visitor behavior in companion Animal Shelters is not adequately explored. A sequence of experiments investigated how visitors interacted with kenneled dogs at an Animal Shelter and whether training dogs to not engage in undesirable behavior in their kennels would evoke more interest from Shelter visitors. In a set of two experiments, two sides of an Animal Shelter were differentially entered into training phases in a multiple baseline design. During the training phase, dogs were trained to not engage in undesirable in-kennel behavior (i.e., to not be in the back of the kennel, to not face backwards, to not lean on kennel walls, and to not bark) through pairing of the visual presentation of the experimenters (experiment 1) and Shelter visitors (experiment 2) with treats. Across both experiments, visitors attended to approximately 35% of kenneled dogs and only spent an average of 15 s looking at individual dogs. We found that whereas training was effective in decreasing undesirable behavi...