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A. Satyanarayana - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • studies on application of Annatto bixa orellena l dye formulations in dairy products
    Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore, 2015
    Co-Authors: Kripanand Sathiya Mala, M B Prabhavathy, A. Satyanarayana
    Abstract:

    Annatto is often used to add color to dairy products such as butter, cheese, or puddings. In India usage of Annatto is restricted to butter and cheese, however there are no tailor made formulations available to obtain standardized colour shades for the products. Hence a study was initiated to develop the appropriate Annatto dye formulations and level of application in few dairy products (butter, cheese, paneer, biscuit cream, icing cream). Dye extracted from Annatto seeds was used for the preparation of water soluble potassium carbonate formulation (nor-bixin, 11.24 %), oil soluble formulation (1.35 % bixin) and an oil/water soluble propylene glycol formulation (PG formulation, 1.31 % bixin). Lovibond tintometer colour units of the commercial butter, cheese and biscuit cream samples were measured for standardizing the colour concentration in the experimental products. The present study evaluates the application and stability of these formulations in butter, cheese, paneer, biscuit cream, icing cream. The products were evaluated for stability of colour and bixin during storage period. The oil/water soluble propylene glycol formulation was found to be tailor-made for all the dairy products studied though the standardized levels varied between 3.75 and 5.0 mg/kg for butter, 3.75 mg/kg for cheese, 5.0–400 mg/kg for biscuit cream, 12.25 and 25 mg/kg for paneer, 5.0–500 mg/kg for icing cream. Increasing concentration in the range of 30–500 mg/kg yielded products with light cream to orange shades, useful for decorating cakes. The average recovery of bixin from the products immediately after processing was 90–98 %. Significant changes (P ≤ 0.05) were noticed in the colour units and recovery of bixin in all the products during storage of 6 months.

  • application of Annatto bixa orellena l dye formulations in indian traditional sweetmeats jilebi and jangri
    IJTK Vol.11(1) [January 2012], 2012
    Co-Authors: K. Balaswamy, M B Prabhavathy, A. Satyanarayana
    Abstract:

    Adding colour to food materials like commercial, traditional and street foods is mainly intended to attract the consumer since time immemorial. Usage of synthetic food colours lead to public health issues. Among the sweetmeats available in the market, jilebi and jangri are mostly added with yellow and orange red synthetic colours, respectively or vice-versa. Bixin (colour pigment) extracted from Annatto seeds was used for the preparation of water soluble Annatto dye potassium carbonate formulation (nor-bixin, 11.24%) and water soluble Annatto dye sugar formulation (norbixin, 10.6%). Lovibond Tintometer colour units of the commercial traditional sweetmeats applied with synthetic colours was measured for standardizing the colour concentration in the experimental products by using the water soluble Annatto dye formulations. The present study deals with the application of water soluble Annatto dye formulations at various concentrations (2.5-40 mg norbixin/kg product) in preparation of jilebi and jangri. Method of applying norbixin and the effect of frying temperature on the colour units were also studied. The products were evaluated for colour stability and % recovery of norbixin during a period of 3 days. Water soluble Annatto dye sugar formulation at respective concentrations was standardized in preparation of jilebi and jangri.

  • stability of bixin in Annatto oleoresin and dye powder during storage
    Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2006
    Co-Authors: K. Balaswamy, A. Satyanarayana, P Prabhakara G Rao, D.g. Rao
    Abstract:

    Annatto dye is a natural colour extracted from the pericarp of seed of Bixa orellana L. Bixin is the principle colouring agent, and can be extracted from the Annatto seeds into oil, alkali and organic solvents. Considerable losses were reported during storage in bixin content of Annatto dye depending upon the conditions. In the present study, the loss of bixin in Annatto dye stored in the form of dye powder or Annatto oleoresin at three different conditions, viz; cold conditions in darkness, in darkness at room temperature (RT) and at RT in diffused daylight were evaluated spectrophotometrically at 470 nm in choloroform. Accordingly, Annatto oleoresin and dye powder of approximately equivalent bixin strengths were exposed to different storage conditions in glass bottles for a period of 360 days. The losses were very high in the case of dye powder when compared to the oleoresin under all the storage conditions. Mass fraction of bixin lost in oleoresin stored at cold dark conditions was negligible (0.011) throughout the study, whereas considerable losses were observed in dye powder (0.229). The mass fraction of bixin lost in oleoresin and dye powder samples stored at RT (dark) were 0.082 and 0.542 respectively. Similarly in case of RT (diffused day light) conditions, the losses of bixin in oleoresin and dye powder were 0.136 and 0.600, respectively. Loss of 0.154 was observed in bixin content in the seed stored in jute bags during the period. The second-order rate constants for degradation of bixin were calculated, and were found to be much lower for oleoresin when compared to dye powder. It is recommended that the dye can be conveniently stored in the oleoresin form until it is formulated for application in foods.

  • Chemistry, processing and toxicology of Annatto (Bixa orellana L.).
    Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore, 2003
    Co-Authors: A. Satyanarayana
    Abstract:

    Annatto of commerce is the dried seed of Bixa orellana L, an evergreen shrub or small tree, which has been introduced widely throughout the tropics. The orange red colour extracted from Annatto seeds is mainly used as a food colour. Its chief application is in colouring butter and cheese. Annatto colour is also used world wide in foods like soft drinks, sugar confectionery, margarine, ice cream, fish products, etc. The orange red colour due to the carotenoids constitutes more than 80% in the Annatto seed coat, consists of cis-bixin [methyl hydrogen (9'Z)-6,6'-apocarotene-6, 6'-dioate], which on heating in solution converts to a more stable trans isomer and a yellow degradation product. Various constituents isolated and identified from B.orellana seeds are described. Minor carotenoids and compounds from lipid portion isolated and identified are also discussed. Extraction of colouring matter from the seed coat of Annatto by several methods have been surveyed. Commercial preparations consist of solution or suspension of the pigment in vegetable oil or in water-soluble form in dilute alkaline solution. The toxicological studies and their assessment by FAO/WHO have also been reviewed. National and international standards and legislations on Annatto colour are presented.

  • effect of storage on the stability of water soluble Annatto dye formulation in a simulated orange rts beverage model system
    Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2002
    Co-Authors: P Prabhakara G Rao, A. Satyanarayana, D.g. Rao
    Abstract:

    Abstract Annatto (Bixa orellana L.) seeds are the source of an orange yellow pigment. The water-soluble Annatto dye formulations can be used in beverages, bakery and other food products. An Annatto water-soluble dye formulation containing norbixin fraction 22.4 g/L was used in making an orange-ready-to-serve (RTS) beverage model with citric acid and sugar. The orange-RTS beverage was stored at ambient and refrigerated conditions in transparent as well as amber-coloured glass bottles for a period of 5 mo. A dilute solution of the Annatto dye formulation (working stock) without addition of citric acid and sugar was also stored under similar conditions. The Annatto water-soluble dye formulation and the orange-RTS beverage stored at refrigerated conditions stored well, whereas the losses were very high for the working stock of the formulation irrespective of the storage period/method.

Angela M A Meireles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • technological characterization of biomass obtained from the turmeric and Annatto processing by using green technologies
    Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018
    Co-Authors: Eric Keven Silva, Milena Martellitosi, Renata Vardanega, Gislaine C Nogueira, Giovani L Zabot, Angela M A Meireles
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this paper, biorefinery coproducts from the Annatto and turmeric were characterized aiming their application in the manufacture of new products. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study Annatto and turmeric coproducts obtained after integrated and intensified extraction processes based on green technologies. Annatto seeds were submitted to supercritical fluid extraction plus low-pressure solvent extraction. Turmeric rhizomes were submitted to supercritical fluid extraction plus pressurized liquid extraction. The coproducts generated after such extractions were mostly composed of carbohydrates (81 wt%), which starchy materials and dietary fibers were the predominant ones. The starch granules presented elliptical shape and sizes ranging from 16 ± 4 to 62 ± 7 μm. Diffractograms, thermal properties as transition temperatures and enthalpy associated with the starch gelatinization, and crystallinity index of the coproducts are also presented. The Annatto and turmeric coproducts obtained in this study represent a valuable source of starchy materials and have a great potential to be used as new products' precursors.

  • polymer modification from semi defatted Annatto seeds using hot pressurized water and supercritical co2
    Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2017
    Co-Authors: Sylvia C Alcazaralay, Felipe J Osoriotobon, Tânia Forstercarneiro, Caroline Joy Steel, Angela M A Meireles
    Abstract:

    Abstract Hydrothermal modification treatment (HMT) using hot pressurized water assisted by supercritical CO2 (sc-CO2) over polymers present in semi-defatted Annatto seeds (DAS) was performed. DAS was milling and fractionated according to particle size in fine particles (FP) and Annatto seed flour (ASF). The raw material for HMT was specifically the ASF fraction. HMT was performed at 80 °C, using a total solvent flow rate of 3 mL/min during 30 min, and the independent variables pressure (150, 200, 250, 300 and 350 bar) and water/sc-CO2 ratio (20/80, 30/70 and 40/60). HMT caused simultaneously a physical modification and a hydrolysis reaction in Annatto polymers. The physical modification of polymers (mainly starch) produced in the ASF −remained in the reaction bed- a decrease in the pasting temperature, peak and final viscosity. The hydrolyzed products indicate that the best results for monomers and oligomers of sugar were a water/sc-CO2 ratio of 40/60 and 350 bar.

  • obtaining bixin from semi defatted Annatto seeds by a mechanical method and solvent extraction process integration and economic evaluation
    Food Research International, 2017
    Co-Authors: Sylvia C Alcazaralay, Felipe J Osoriotobon, Tânia Forstercarneiro, Angela M A Meireles
    Abstract:

    This work involves the application of physical separation methods to concentrate the pigment of semi-defatted Annatto seeds, a noble vegetal biomass rich in bixin pigments. Semi-defatted Annatto seeds are the residue produced after the extraction of the lipid fraction from Annatto seeds using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Semi-defatted Annatto seeds are use in this work due to three important reasons: i) previous lipid extraction is necessary to recovery the tocotrienol-rich oil present in the Annatto seeds, ii) an initial removal of the oil via SFE process favors bixin separation and iii) the cost of raw material is null. Physical methods including i) the mechanical fractionation method and ii) an integrated process of mechanical fractionation method and low-pressure solvent extraction (LPSE) were studied. The integrated process was proposed for processing two different semi-defatted Annatto materials denoted Batches 1 and 2. The cost of manufacture (COM) was calculated for two different production scales (5 and 50L) considering the integrated process vs. only the mechanical fractionation method. The integrated process showed a significantly higher COM than mechanical fractionation method. This work suggests that mechanical fractionation method is an adequate and low-cost process to obtain a rich-pigment product from semi-defatted Annatto seeds.

Kok-yong Chin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Therapeutic potential of Annatto tocotrienol with self-emulsifying drug delivery system in a rat model of postmenopausal bone loss
    Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 2021
    Co-Authors: Nur-vaizura Mohamad, Soelaiman Ima-nirwana, Kok-yong Chin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Tocotrienol has been shown to prevent bone loss in animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but the low oral bioavailability might limit its use. A self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) could increase the bioavailability of tocotrienol. However, evidence of this system in improving the skeletal effects of tocotrienol is scanty. This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Annatto tocotrienol with SEDDS in a rat model of postmenopausal bone loss. Ten-month-old female Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into six groups. The baseline group was euthanatized at the onset of the study. Four other groups underwent ovariectomy to induce estrogen deficiency. The sham underwent similar surgery procedure, but their ovaries were retained. Eight weeks after surgery, the ovariectomized rats received one of the four different regimens orally daily: (a) SEDDS, (b) Annatto tocotrienol [60 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)] without SEDDS, (c) Annatto-tocotrienol (60 mg/kg b.w.) with SEDDS, (d) raloxifene (1 mg/kg b.w.). After eight weeks of treatment, blood was collected for the measurement of delta-tocotrienol level and oxidative stress markers. The rats were euthanized and their bones were harvested for the evaluation of the bone microstructure, calcium content and strength. Circulating delta-tocotrienol level was significantly higher in rats receiving Annatto tocotrienol with SEDDS compared to the group receiving unformulated Annatto-tocotrienol (p

  • the effects of Annatto tocotrienol supplementation on cartilage and subchondral bone in an animal model of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019
    Co-Authors: Kok-yong Chin, Sok Kuan Wong, Fadhlullah Zuhair Japar Sidik, Juliana Abdul Hamid, Nurul Hafizah Abas, Elvy Suhana Mohd Ramli, Sabarul Afian Mokhtar, Sakthiswary Rajalingham, Soelaiman Ima Nirwana
    Abstract:

    Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease which primarily affects the articular cartilage and subchondral bones. Since there is an underlying localized inflammatory component in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, compounds like tocotrienol with anti-inflammatory properties may be able to retard its progression. This study aimed to determine the effects of oral tocotrienol supplementation on the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model of osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (three-month-old) were randomized into five groups. Four groups were induced with osteoarthritis (single injection of MIA at week 0) and another served as the sham group. Three of the four groups with osteoarthritis were supplemented with Annatto tocotrienol at 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day orally for five weeks. At week 5, all rats were sacrificed, and their tibial-femoral joints were harvested for analysis. The results indicated that the groups which received Annatto tocotrienol at 100 and 150 mg/kg/day had lower histological scores and cartilage remodeling markers. Annatto tocotrienol at 150 mg/kg/day significantly lowered the osteocalcin levels and osteoclast surface of subchondral bone. In conclusion, Annatto tocotrienol may potentially retard the progression of osteoarthritis. Future studies to confirm its mechanism of joint protection should be performed.

  • exploring the potential of tocotrienol from bixa orellana as a single agent targeting metabolic syndrome and bone loss
    Bone, 2018
    Co-Authors: Sok Kuan Wong, Kok-yong Chin, Farihah Suhaimi, Fairus Ahmad, Soelaiman Imanirwana
    Abstract:

    Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with osteoporosis due to the underlying inflammatory and hormonal changes. Annatto tocotrienol has been shown to improve medical complications associated with MetS or bone loss in animal studies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Annatto tocotrienol as a single treatment for MetS and osteoporosis in high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet-induced MetS animals. Three-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. The baseline group was euthanized at the onset of the study. The normal group received standard rat chow and tap water. The remaining groups received HCHF diet and treated with three different regimens orally daily: (a) tocopherol-stripped corn oil (the vehicle of tocotrienol), (b) 60 mg/kg Annatto tocotrienol, and (c) 100 mg/kg Annatto tocotrienol. At the end of the study, measurements of MetS parameters, body compositions, and bone mineral density were performed in animals before sacrifice. Upon euthanasia, blood and femur of the rats were harvested for the evaluations of bone microstructure, biomechanical strength, remodelling activities, hormonal changes, and inflammatory response. Treatment with Annatto tocotrienol improved all MetS parameters (except abdominal obesity), trabecular bone microstructure, bone strength, increased osteoclast number, normalized hormonal changes and inflammatory response in the HCHF animals. In conclusion, Annatto tocotrienol is a potential agent for managing MetS and osteoporosis concurrently. The beneficial effects of Annatto tocotrienol may be attributed to its ability to prevent the hormonal changes and pro-inflammatory state in animals with MetS.

  • effects of tocotrienol from bixa orellana Annatto on bone histomorphometry in a male osteoporosis model induced by buserelin
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nur-vaizura Mohamad, Imanirwana Soelaiman, Kok-yong Chin
    Abstract:

    Abstract Introduction Osteoporosis is a debilitating skeletal side effect of androgen deprivation therapy based on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist in men. Tocotrienol from Bixa orellana (Annatto) has been demonstrated to offer protection against osteoporosis by exerting anabolic effects on bone. Thus, it may prevent osteoporosis among GnRH agonist users. Objective This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Annatto-tocotrienol on the bone turnover markers and bone histomorphometry in a model of male osteoporosis induced by buserelin (a GnRH agonist). Methods Forty-six three-months-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (three months old; 300–350 g) were randomly divided into six groups. The baseline control group (n = 6) was sacrificed at the onset of the study. The normal control group (n = 8) received corn oil (the vehicle of tocotrienol) orally daily and normal saline (the vehicle of buserelin) subcutaneously daily. The buserelin control (n = 8) received corn oil orally daily and subcutaneous buserelin injection 75 μg/kg/day daily. The calcium control (n = 8) received 1% calcium in drinking water and subcutaneous buserelin injection 75 μg/kg/day. The remaining rats were treated with two different treatments, i.e., (1) oral Annatto tocotrienol at 60 mg/kg/day plus subcutaneous buserelin injection 75 μg/kg/day (n = 8); (2) oral Annatto tocotrienol at 100 mg/kg/day plus subcutaneous buserelin injection 75 μg/kg/day (n = 8). The rats were injected with calcein twice before being sacrificed to label the bones. The rats were euthanized, and their blood and right femur were harvested at the end of the treatment for bone turnover markers and bone histomorphometry examination. Results Both serum osteocalcin and C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen were not significantly different between treated groups and buserelin control (P > 0.05). The buserelin control group had a significantly lower bone volume and higher eroded surface compared with the normal control group (P  Conclusion Annatto tocotrienol can prevent trabecular bone loss by increasing the mineralising surface and osteoblasts number. Thus, it has a potential role in preventing bone loss in men using GnRH agonist.

  • effect of tocotrienol from bixa orellana Annatto on bone microstructure calcium content and biomechanical strength in a model of male osteoporosis induced by buserelin
    Drug Design Development and Therapy, 2018
    Co-Authors: Nur-vaizura Mohamad, Soelaiman Imanirwana, Kok-yong Chin
    Abstract:

    Background: Patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy experience secondary hypogonadism, associated bone loss, and increased fracture risk. It has been shown that tocotrienol from Bixa orellana (Annatto) prevents skeletal microstructural changes in rats experiencing primary hypogonadism. However, its potential in preventing bone loss due to androgen deprivation therapy has not been tested. This study aimed to evaluate the skeletal protective effects of Annatto tocotrienol using a buserelin-induced osteoporotic rat model. Methods: Forty-six male Sprague Dawley rats aged 3 months were randomized into six groups. The baseline control (n=6) was sacrificed at the onset of the study. The normal control (n=8) received corn oil (the vehicle of tocotrienol) orally daily and normal saline (the vehicle of buserelin) subcutaneously daily. The buserelin control (n=8) received corn oil orally daily and subcutaneous buserelin injection (75 µg/kg) daily. The calcium control (n=8) was supplemented with 1% calcium in drinking water and daily subcutaneous buserelin injection (75 µg/kg). The remaining rats were given daily oral Annatto tocotrienol at 60 mg/kg (n=8) or 100 mg/kg (n=8) plus daily subcutaneous buserelin injection (75 µg/kg) (n=8). At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized and their blood, tibia, and femur were harvested. Structural changes of the tibial trabecular and cortical bone were examined using X-ray micro-computed tomography. Femoral bone calcium content and biomechanical strength were also evaluated. Results: Annatto tocotrienol at 60 and 100 mg/kg significantly prevented the deterioration of trabecular bone and cortical thickness in buserelin-treated rats (P<0.05). Both doses of Annatto tocotrienol also improved femoral biomechanical strength and bone calcium content in buserelin-treated rats (P<0.05). The effects of Annatto tocotrienol were comparable to calcium supplementation. Conclusion: Annatto tocotrienol supplementation is effective in preventing degeneration of the bone induced by buserelin. Therefore, it is a potential antiosteoporotic agent for men receiving androgen deprivation therapy.

Neura Bragagnolo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • inhibition of cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids oxidation through the use of Annatto and bixin in high pressure processed fish
    WOS, 2015
    Co-Authors: Bruno Chacon Figueiredo, Neura Bragagnolo, Leif H Skibsted, Vibeke Orlien
    Abstract:

    Annatto and bixin, the main carotenoid of Annatto seeds, were both found to inhibit cholesterol oxidation in minced herring (Clupea harengus) and minced mackerel (Scomber scombrus) during high pressure processing (600 MPa for 10 min) and subsequent chilled storage for 2 wk, a treatment which otherwise increased the content of cholesterol oxidation products above a critical limit for human consumption. Annatto but not bixin reduced the loss of docosahexaenoic acid caused by high pressure processing of herring from 12% to 7%, an effect assigned to antioxidative effects of phenolic compounds in Annatto, while bixin as a carotenoid binds to membranes protecting membrane cholesterol.

  • effect of Annatto powder and sodium erythorbate on lipid oxidation in pork loin during frozen storage
    Food Research International, 2014
    Co-Authors: Bruno Chacon Figueiredo, Isabela Jorge Trad, Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti, Neura Bragagnolo
    Abstract:

    Abstract There are few reports about the antioxidant properties of Annatto (Bixa orellana), especially considering their antioxidant action in food. In this study we evaluated the antioxidant effect of Annatto powder and sodium erythorbate on lipid oxidation in pork loin patties by measuring the secondary products of lipid oxidation, the changes in the fatty acid composition, cholesterol oxidation, and the extent of bixin degradation during storage at − 18 °C for 120 days and subsequent thermal treatment. Sodium erythorbate (0.1%) and Annatto (0.05%), used alone or in combination, were able to reduce the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and cholesterol oxidation after thermal treatment when compared with pork patties without antioxidant (control). Bixin degradation was less pronounced in the patties containing Annatto (0.05%) + sodium erythorbate (0.1%), suggesting that sodium erythorbate protected this carotenoid from degradation. The addition of Annatto, sodium erythorbate or Annatto + sodium erythorbate did not have any impact on SFA, MUFA and PUFA oxidation regardless thermal treatment or storage. The cholesterol contents did not change during storage; however, there was a significant loss of 15% due to thermal treatment.

  • effect of Annatto seed and coriander leaves as natural antioxidants in fish meatballs during frozen storage
    Journal of Food Science, 2011
    Co-Authors: Renata Soriano A Sancho, Lilian Regina Barros Mariutti, Fabiola Aliaga De Lima, Gabriel Guerra Costa, Neura Bragagnolo
    Abstract:

    :  The effects of Annatto (0.1 g/100g) and coriander (0.5 g/100g) were assessed against lipid oxidation in white hake meatballs cooked in boiling water (95 ± 1 °C) for 30 min and stored at −18 °C for 120 d. The fatty acids (FA) and the nutritional quality, cholesterol, cholesterol oxides, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values, and conjugated dienes were analyzed to follow the course of oxidation. Annatto and coriander were efficient in the control of lipid oxidation, also preserving the essential FA. At 120 d of storage, the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) concentration decreased respectively by 43%, 32%, 12%, and 9% in the control, coriander, Annatto, and Annatto + coriander patties. For docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), these concentrations decreased, respectively, 44%, 30%, 11%, and 7%, revealing a probable synergistic effect among the antioxidant compounds present in both spices. On the other hand, Annatto and coriander were not able to act protecting the meatballs against lipid oxidation when they were cooked, also not exerted any effect in the cholesterol oxidation. Practical Application:  Spices, especially coriander and Annatto, can be an alternative to substitute synthetic additives with antioxidants to prevent loss of important unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in fish meatballs during frozen storage for 120 d. The maximum effect was observed when 0.5% coriander and 0.1% Annatto were used in combination. Cooking did not induce the formation of cholesterol oxides, compounds that can cause more health damages than cholesterol itself; however, during storage the cholesterol oxides levels presented a little increase regardless of spice addition.

  • in vitro scavenging capacity of Annatto seed extracts against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
    Food Chemistry, 2011
    Co-Authors: Renan Campos Chiste, Adriana Zerlotti Mercadante, Eduarda Fernandes, Ana Gomes, Jose Lima, Neura Bragagnolo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Bixa orellana L. (Annatto), from Bixaceae family, is a native plant of tropical America, which accumulates several carotenoids (including bixin and norbixin), terpenoids, tocotrienols and flavonoids with potential antioxidant activity. In the present study, the in vitro scavenging capacity of Annatto seed extracts against reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) was evaluated and compared to the bixin standard. Annatto extracts were obtained using solvents with different polarities and their phenolic compounds and bixin levels were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector. All Annatto extracts were able to scavenge all the reactive species tested at the low μg/mL range, with the exception of superoxide radical. The ethanol:ethyl acetate and ethyl acetate extracts of Annatto seeds, which presented the highest levels of hypolaetin and bixin, respectively, were the extracts with the highest antioxidant capacity, although bixin standard presented the lowest IC 50 values.

Carol K. Felton - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A 12-week evaluation of Annatto tocotrienol supplementation for postmenopausal women: safety, quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and nutrient intake
    BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 2018
    Co-Authors: Chwan-li Shen, Shu Wang, Shengping Yang, Michael D. Tomison, Mehrnaz Abbasi, Lei Hao, Sheyenne Scott, Amanda W. Romero, Shahjalal Hossain Khan, Carol K. Felton
    Abstract:

    Evidence suggests that tocotrienols may benefit bone health in osteopenic women. However, their safety in this population has never been investigated. This study was to evaluate the safety of a 12-week supplementation of annato tocotrienol in postmenopausal osteopenic women, along with effects of the supplementation on quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and nutrient intake in this population. Eighty nine postmenopausal osteopenic women were randomly assigned to 3 treatment arms: (1) Placebo (430 mg olive oil/day), (2) Low tocotrientol (Low TT) (430 mg tocotrienol/day from DeltaGold 70 containing 300 mg tocotrienol) and (3) High tocotrienol (High TT) (860 mg tocotrienol/day from DeltaGold 70 containing 600 mg tocotrienol) for 12 weeks. DeltaGold 70 is an extract from Annatto seed with 70% tocotrienol consisting of 90% delta-tocotrienol and 10% gamma-tocotrienol. Safety was examined by assessing liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, kidney function (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), electrolytes, glucose, protein, albumin, and globulin at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Serum tocotrienol and tocopherol concentrations were assessed and pills counted at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and dietary macro- and micro-nutrient intake were evaluated at 0 and 12 weeks. A mixed model of repeated measures ANOVA was applied for analysis. Eighty seven subjects completed the study. Tocotrienol supplementation did not affect liver or kidney function parameters throughout the study. No adverse event due to treatments was reported by the participants. Tocotrienol supplementation for 6 weeks significantly increased serum delta-tocotrienol level and this high concentration was sustained to the end of study. There was no difference in serum delta-tocotrienol levels between the Low TT and the High TT groups. No effects of tocotrienol supplementation were observed on quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and nutrient intake. Annatto-derived tocotrienol up to 600 mg per day for 12 weeks appeared to be safe in postmenopausal osteopenic women, particularly in terms of liver and kidney functions. Tocotrienol supplementation for 12 weeks did not affect body composition, physical activity, quality of life, or intake of macro- and micro-nutrients in these subjects. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02058420 . Title: Tocotrienols and bone health of postmenopausal women.

  • A 12-week evaluation of Annatto tocotrienol supplementation for postmenopausal women: safety, quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and nutrient intake
    BMC, 2018
    Co-Authors: Chwan-li Shen, Shu Wang, Shengping Yang, Michael D. Tomison, Mehrnaz Abbasi, Lei Hao, Sheyenne Scott, Md Shahjalal Khan, Amanda W. Romero, Carol K. Felton
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Evidence suggests that tocotrienols may benefit bone health in osteopenic women. However, their safety in this population has never been investigated. This study was to evaluate the safety of a 12-week supplementation of annato tocotrienol in postmenopausal osteopenic women, along with effects of the supplementation on quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and nutrient intake in this population. Methods Eighty nine postmenopausal osteopenic women were randomly assigned to 3 treatment arms: (1) Placebo (430 mg olive oil/day), (2) Low tocotrientol (Low TT) (430 mg tocotrienol/day from DeltaGold 70 containing 300 mg tocotrienol) and (3) High tocotrienol (High TT) (860 mg tocotrienol/day from DeltaGold 70 containing 600 mg tocotrienol) for 12 weeks. DeltaGold 70 is an extract from Annatto seed with 70% tocotrienol consisting of 90% delta-tocotrienol and 10% gamma-tocotrienol. Safety was examined by assessing liver enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase), alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, kidney function (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine), electrolytes, glucose, protein, albumin, and globulin at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Serum tocotrienol and tocopherol concentrations were assessed and pills counted at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and dietary macro- and micro-nutrient intake were evaluated at 0 and 12 weeks. A mixed model of repeated measures ANOVA was applied for analysis. Results Eighty seven subjects completed the study. Tocotrienol supplementation did not affect liver or kidney function parameters throughout the study. No adverse event due to treatments was reported by the participants. Tocotrienol supplementation for 6 weeks significantly increased serum delta-tocotrienol level and this high concentration was sustained to the end of study. There was no difference in serum delta-tocotrienol levels between the Low TT and the High TT groups. No effects of tocotrienol supplementation were observed on quality of life, body composition, physical activity, and nutrient intake. Conclusions Annatto-derived tocotrienol up to 600 mg per day for 12 weeks appeared to be safe in postmenopausal osteopenic women, particularly in terms of liver and kidney functions. Tocotrienol supplementation for 12 weeks did not affect body composition, physical activity, quality of life, or intake of macro- and micro-nutrients in these subjects. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02058420. Title: Tocotrienols and bone health of postmenopausal women