The Experts below are selected from a list of 81213 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Peter B Macdonald - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Christopher M. Powers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anthropometric parameters in children a comparison of values obtained from dual energy x ray absorptiometry and cadaver based estimates
    Gait & Posture, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kathleen J Ganley, Christopher M. Powers
    Abstract:

    Anthropometric Data used in gait analysis for children are often estimated from older adult cadavers. The extent to which these estimates accurately represent children or affect the calculation of net joint moments during gait analysis is unknown. The purpose of this study was: (1) to compare dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived Anthropometric parameters to cadaver-based estimates in children, and (2) to determine if DXA-derived Anthropometric Data alter the results of gait analyses in children. Using DXA, the mass, center of mass location, and moment of inertia of the foot, shank, and thigh were obtained from 7 to 13 year-old children (n=50) and compared to cadaver-based estimates. Additionally, lower extremity net joint moments were calculated (inverse dynamics equations) for three children during gait using (a) DXA-derived, and (b) cadaver-based estimates of Anthropometric parameters. Statistically significant differences were identified for most DXA-derived and cadaver-based Anthropometric values. However, based on gait analysis of three children, it is likely that the differences between DXA-derived and cadaver-based Anthropometric estimates would have a negligible effect on the calculation of net joint moments during gait in 7–13 year-old children.

  • determination of lower extremity Anthropometric parameters using dual energy x ray absorptiometry the influence on net joint moments during gait
    Clinical Biomechanics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kathleen J Ganley, Christopher M. Powers
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to report on a method of determining lower extremity Anthropometric Data using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, (2) to compare values obtained with this method to predictions from cadaver-based estimates, and (3) to quantify the extent to which these Data affect the calculation of net joint moments during walking. Background. Anthropometric Data used in inverse dynamics equations are often estimated from older cadaveric specimens. A practical method for determining population-specific Data is needed. Methods. Using DXA scans obtained from 20 healthy adults, the mass, center of mass, and moment of inertia of each lower extremity segment were determined and compared to cadaver-based estimates. In addition, gait analysis was performed on 10 of these subjects, and net joint moments (sagittal plane) were calculated at the ankle, knee, and hip using Anthropometric Data obtained from (a) DXA, and (b) cadaver-based estimates. Results. Statistically significant differences were identified for DXA-derived and cadaver-based Anthropometric values. Overall, moment curves computed using the two Data sets differed more during the swing phase than during the stance of gait. Conclusions. DXA appears to be an appropriate method for obtaining population-specific Anthropometric Data. Moment calculations for activities involving high accelerations and no ground reaction forces (i.e. swing phase of gait, kicking, etc.) would be most influenced by the differences between the Anthropometric Data sets. Relevance A method of determining population-specific Anthropometric Data has been presented. Such a method may be useful in obtaining Anthropometric Data in populations not well represented in the literature (children).

Elizabeth Brainerd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • reassessing the standard of living in the soviet union an analysis using archival and Anthropometric Data
    The Journal of Economic History, 2010
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth Brainerd
    Abstract:

    Both Western and Soviet estimates of GNP growth in the USSR indicate that GNP per capita grew in every decade - sometimes rapidly - from 1928 to 1985. While this measure suggests that the standard of living improved in the USSR throughout this period, it is unclear whether this economic growth translated into improved well-being for the population as a whole. This paper uses previously unpublished archival Data on infant mortality and Anthropometric studies of children conducted across the Soviet Union to reassess the standard of living in the USSR using these alternative measures of well-being. In the prewar period these Data indicate a population extremely small in stature and sensitive to the political and economic upheavals visited upon the country by Soviet leaders and outside forces. Remarkably large and rapid improvements in infant mortality, birth weight, child height and adult stature were recorded from approximately 1940 to the late 1960s. While this period of physical growth was followed by stagnation in heights and an increase in adult male mortality, it appears that the Soviet Union avoided the sustained declines in stature that occurred in the United States and United Kingdom during industrialization in those countries.

  • reassessing the standard of living in the soviet union an analysis using archival and Anthropometric Data
    The Journal of Economic History, 2010
    Co-Authors: Elizabeth Brainerd
    Abstract:

    Both Western and Soviet estimates of GNP growth in the USSR indicate that GNP per capita grew in every decade, sometimes rapidly, from 1928 to 1985. While this measure suggests that the standard of living improved in the USSR throughout this period, it is unclear whether this economic growth translated into improved well-being for the population as a whole. This paper uses previously unpublished archival Data on infant mortality and Anthropometric studies of children conducted across the Soviet Union to reassess the standard of living in the USSR using these alternative measures of well-being. In the prewar period these Data indicate a population extremely small in stature and sensitive to the political and economic upheavals visited upon the country by Soviet leaders and outside forces. Remarkably large and rapid improvements in child height, adult stature and infant mortality were recorded from approximately 1945 to 1970. While this period of physical growth was followed by stagnation in heights and an increase in adult male mortality, the physical growth record of the Soviet population compares favorably with that of other European countries at a similar level of development in this period.

Jeff Leiter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Kathleen J Ganley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Anthropometric parameters in children a comparison of values obtained from dual energy x ray absorptiometry and cadaver based estimates
    Gait & Posture, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kathleen J Ganley, Christopher M. Powers
    Abstract:

    Anthropometric Data used in gait analysis for children are often estimated from older adult cadavers. The extent to which these estimates accurately represent children or affect the calculation of net joint moments during gait analysis is unknown. The purpose of this study was: (1) to compare dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived Anthropometric parameters to cadaver-based estimates in children, and (2) to determine if DXA-derived Anthropometric Data alter the results of gait analyses in children. Using DXA, the mass, center of mass location, and moment of inertia of the foot, shank, and thigh were obtained from 7 to 13 year-old children (n=50) and compared to cadaver-based estimates. Additionally, lower extremity net joint moments were calculated (inverse dynamics equations) for three children during gait using (a) DXA-derived, and (b) cadaver-based estimates of Anthropometric parameters. Statistically significant differences were identified for most DXA-derived and cadaver-based Anthropometric values. However, based on gait analysis of three children, it is likely that the differences between DXA-derived and cadaver-based Anthropometric estimates would have a negligible effect on the calculation of net joint moments during gait in 7–13 year-old children.

  • determination of lower extremity Anthropometric parameters using dual energy x ray absorptiometry the influence on net joint moments during gait
    Clinical Biomechanics, 2004
    Co-Authors: Kathleen J Ganley, Christopher M. Powers
    Abstract:

    Abstract Objective. The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to report on a method of determining lower extremity Anthropometric Data using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, (2) to compare values obtained with this method to predictions from cadaver-based estimates, and (3) to quantify the extent to which these Data affect the calculation of net joint moments during walking. Background. Anthropometric Data used in inverse dynamics equations are often estimated from older cadaveric specimens. A practical method for determining population-specific Data is needed. Methods. Using DXA scans obtained from 20 healthy adults, the mass, center of mass, and moment of inertia of each lower extremity segment were determined and compared to cadaver-based estimates. In addition, gait analysis was performed on 10 of these subjects, and net joint moments (sagittal plane) were calculated at the ankle, knee, and hip using Anthropometric Data obtained from (a) DXA, and (b) cadaver-based estimates. Results. Statistically significant differences were identified for DXA-derived and cadaver-based Anthropometric values. Overall, moment curves computed using the two Data sets differed more during the swing phase than during the stance of gait. Conclusions. DXA appears to be an appropriate method for obtaining population-specific Anthropometric Data. Moment calculations for activities involving high accelerations and no ground reaction forces (i.e. swing phase of gait, kicking, etc.) would be most influenced by the differences between the Anthropometric Data sets. Relevance A method of determining population-specific Anthropometric Data has been presented. Such a method may be useful in obtaining Anthropometric Data in populations not well represented in the literature (children).