The Experts below are selected from a list of 96192 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Doris J Baker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Carolyn R Bertozzi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Antibody Detection by agglutination pcr adap enables early diagnosis of hiv infection by oral fluid analysis
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2018
    Co-Authors: Chengting Tsai, Peter V Robinson, Felipe De Jesus Cortez, Maria L B Elma, David Seftel, Narges Pourmandi, Mark Pandori, Carolyn R Bertozzi
    Abstract:

    Oral fluid (OF) is a highly effective substrate for population-based HIV screening efforts, as it is noninfectious and significantly easier to collect than blood. However, anti-HIV antibodies are found at far lower concentrations in OF compared with blood, leading to poor sensitivity and a longer period of time from infection to Detection threshold. Thus, despite its inherent advantages in sample collection, OF is not widely used for population screening. Here we report the development of an HIV OF assay based on Antibody Detection by Agglutination-PCR (ADAP) technology. This assay is 1,000-10,000 times more analytically sensitive than clinical enzyme-linked immunoassays (EIAs), displaying both 100% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting HIV antibodies within OF samples. We show that the enhanced analytical sensitivity enables this assay to correctly identify HIV-infected individuals otherwise missed by current OF assays. We envision that the attributes of this improved HIV OF assay can increase testing rates of at-risk individuals while enabling diagnosis and treatment at an earlier time point.

  • ultrasensitive Antibody Detection by agglutination pcr adap
    ACS central science, 2016
    Co-Authors: Chengting Tsai, Peter V Robinson, Carole A Spencer, Carolyn R Bertozzi
    Abstract:

    Antibodies are widely used biomarkers for the diagnosis of many diseases. Assays based on solid-phase immobilization of antigens comprise the majority of clinical platforms for Antibody Detection, but can be undermined by antigen denaturation and epitope masking. These technological hurdles are especially troublesome in detecting antibodies that bind nonlinear or conformational epitopes, such as anti-insulin antibodies in type 1 diabetes patients and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies associated with thyroid cancers. Radioimmunoassay remains the gold standard for these challenging Antibody biomarkers, but the limited multiplexability and reliance on hazardous radioactive reagents have prevented their use outside specialized testing facilities. Here we present an ultrasensitive solution-phase method for detecting antibodies, termed Antibody Detection by agglutination-PCR (ADAP). Antibodies bind to and agglutinate synthetic antigen–DNA conjugates, enabling ligation of the DNA strands and subsequent quantificatio...

S Moses - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • herpes simplex virus type 2 Antibody Detection performance in kisumu kenya using the herpeselect elisa kalon elisa western blot and inhibition testing
    Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2008
    Co-Authors: Jennifer S Smith, Robert C Bailey, D J Westreich, Ian Maclean, Kawango Agot, J O Ndinyaachola, W Hogrefe, Rhoda Ashley Morrow, S Moses
    Abstract:

    Background: In certain parts of Africa, type-specific herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) ELISAs may have limited specificity. To date, no study has been conducted to validate HerpeSelect and Kalon type-specific HSV-2 ELISAs using both the Western blot and recombinant gG ELISA inhibition testing as reference standards. Methods: A total of 120 men who were HIV seronegative (aged 18–24 years) provided blood samples. HSV-2 IgG serum antibodies were detected using four different methods: HerpeSelect HSV-2 ELISA (n = 120), Kalon HSV-2 ELISA (n = 120), University of Washington Western blot (n = 101) and a recombinant inhibition test (n = 93). Results: HSV-2 seroprevalence differed significantly by HSV-2 Detection method, ranging from 24.8% with the Western blot to 69.8% with the HerpeSelect ELISA. Using the Western blot as the reference standard, the HerpesSelect had the highest sensitivity for HSV-2 Antibody Detection (100%) yet lowest specificity (40%). Similar results were obtained using the inhibition test as the reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity of the Kalon test versus the Western blot were 92% and 79%, respectively, and 80% and 82% versus the inhibition test. Using the inhibition test as the reference standard, the sensitivity of the Western blot appeared low (49%). Conclusions: In men in western Kenya who were HIV seronegative, the HerpeSelect and Kalon type-specific ELISAs had high sensitivities yet limited specificities using the Western blot as reference standard. Overall, the Kalon ELISA performed better than the HerpeSelect ELISA in these young men from Kisumu. Further understanding is needed for the interpretation of HSV-2 inhibition or ELISA test positive/ Western blot seronegative results. Before HSV-2 seropositivity may be reliably reported in selected areas of Africa, performance studies of HSV-2 serological assays in individual geographical areas are recommended.

Howard M. Gebel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • strategies for human leukocyte antigen Antibody Detection
    Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation, 2009
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Bray, Howard M. Gebel
    Abstract:

    PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review discusses the current state-of-the-art in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Antibody Detection. Evolving from cell-based methods to solid-phase single antigen Detection systems (SPADS), HLA Antibody testing now provides an unprecedented and comprehensive assessment of a patient's Antibody repertoire. Not surprisingly, improved Antibody Detection has brought new challenges to the HLA community. The challenge is how best to utilize this new information in a way that facilitates, not hinders, appropriate transplantation. RECENT FINDINGS Although very sensitive, recent studies have shown that not all donor-specific HLA antibodies (DSA) identified by SPADS predict a positive crossmatch or correlate with poor outcome. The lack of an absolute correlation between DSA, crossmatching and outcome presents a serious dilemma for the transplant community. The dilemma is compounded by variable testing procedures and nonstandardized test kits that contribute to inconsistencies among laboratories. In addition, new functional assays are beginning to be applied and may identify potentially deleterious antibodies. Finally, advances in immunosuppressive therapies have made it possible to transplant across a positive crossmatch further confounding data integration. SUMMARY Strategies for HLA Antibody Detection are now predicated on solid-phase testing methods. These methods are sensitive, specific and provide the clinician with a comprehensive assessment of a patient's HLA Antibody profile. This review will discuss the evolution of Antibody testing and point out the pitfalls, problems and challenges these new technologies have engendered.

  • evolution of hla Antibody Detection technology emulating biology
    Immunologic Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: Robert A. Bray, Peter Nickerson, R H Kerman, Howard M. Gebel
    Abstract:

    New technological advances in the field of histocompatibility have provided an approach to systematically address the specificity of positive lymphocyte crossmatches. These approaches can now confirm whether a positive crossmatch is (or is not) due to class I and/or class II antibodies directed against donor HLA antigens. The information gained from the application of these sensitive and specific technologies can be used to predict crossmatch results for highly sensitized patients. In summary, these emerging technologies have provided the tools to reliably determine the clinical relevance of a positive lymphocyte crossmatch.

Julie A Ribes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.