The Experts below are selected from a list of 8247 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jensmichael Schroder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review: Human Antimicrobial Proteins — effectors of innate immunity:
Journal of Endotoxin Research, 2020Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Regine Gläser, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:We live in a world populated by an enormous number of micro-organisms. This necessitates the existence of highly effective mechanisms to control microbial growth. Through many research efforts, a chemical defense system based on the production of Antimicrobial Proteins (AMPs) has been identified. AMPs are endogenous, small Proteins exhibiting Antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of micro-organisms. The wide distribution of these molecules in the plant and animal kingdom reflects their biological significance. Various human AMPs show a potent effect on pathogenic micro-organisms including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the role of AMPs within innate immunity and evaluating their use and/or specific induction to fend off infections. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of human AMPs and discuss examples where AMPs may be involved in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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review human Antimicrobial Proteins effectors of innate immunity
Journal of Endotoxin Research, 2007Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Regine Gläser, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:We live in a world populated by an enormous number of micro-organisms. This necessitates the existence of highly effective mechanisms to control microbial growth. Through many research efforts, a chemical defense system based on the production of Antimicrobial Proteins (AMPs) has been identified. AMPs are endogenous, small Proteins exhibiting Antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of micro-organisms. The wide distribution of these molecules in the plant and animal kingdom reflects their biological significance. Various human AMPs show a potent effect on pathogenic micro-organisms including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the role of AMPs within innate immunity and evaluating their use and/or specific induction to fend off infections. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of human AMPs and discuss examples where AMPs may be involved in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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The role and potential therapeutical applications of Antimicrobial Proteins in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Endocrine‚ Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 2007Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Regine Gläser, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:Antimicrobial Proteins (AMP) are endogenous, gene-encoded Proteins, which are able to kill bacteria, fungi and viruses at micro- and nanomolar concentrations. The constitutive as well as inducible production of AMP provides a rapid first-line of defense against invading microorganisms. The significance of such ancient defense system is reflected by the wide distribution of AMP in the plant and animal kingdom. There is increasing evidence that AMP may play an important role in several infectious and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, cystic fibrosis and Crohns disease. In this review we aim to provide a short overview about the role of Antimicrobial Proteins in human diseases. In addition, the use and selective induction of AMP for the development of novel potential therapeutic strategies are addressed. The benefits and possible restrictions of AMP utilization as a new class of antibiotic compounds are discussed.
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psoriatic scales a promising source for the isolation of human skin derived Antimicrobial Proteins
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:Patients with psoriasis, a chronic, hy- perproliferative and noninfectious skin disease, suffer surprisingly fewer cutaneous infections than would be expected. This observation led us to the hypothesis that a local "chemical shield" in the form of Antimicrobial Proteins provides pso- riatic skin with resistance against infection. We subsequently began a systematic analysis of in vitro Antimicrobially active Proteins in psoriatic- scale extracts. A biochemical approach with rig- orous purification and characterization com- bined with Antimicrobial testing identified a num- ber of mostly new human antibiotic peptides and Proteins. In this review, we will focus on the most prominent Antimicrobial Proteins in psoriatic- scale extracts, which we identified as the S100- protein psoriasin, human -defensin 2 (hBD-2), RNase 7, lysozyme, and human neutrophil defen- sin 1-3. Apart from these cutaneous, antimicro- bial Proteins, only a few others, including hBD-3, have been characterized. A great num- ber of minor Antimicrobial Proteins await further structural characterization. J. Leukoc. Biol. 77: 000 -0 00; 2005.
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RNase 7, a novel innate immune defense Antimicrobial protein of healthy human skin.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:Abstract We analyzed healthy human skin for the presence of endogenous Antimicrobial Proteins that might explain the unusually high resistance of human skin against infections. A novel 14.5-kDa Antimicrobial ribonuclease, termed RNase 7, was isolated from skin-derived stratum corneum. RNase 7 exhibited potent ribonuclease activity and thus may contribute to the well known ribonuclease activity of human skin. RNase 7 revealed broad spectrum Antimicrobial activity against many pathogenic microorganisms and remarkably potent activity (lethal dose of 90% < 30 nm) against a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Molecular cloning from skin-derived primary keratinocytes and purification of RNase 7 from supernatants of cultured primary keratinocytes indicate that keratinocytes represent the major cellular source in skin and that RNase 7 is secreted. RNase 7 mRNA expression was detected in various epithelial tissues including skin, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and at a low level, in the gut. In addition to a constitutive expression, RNase 7 mRNA was induced in cultured primary keratinocytes by interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and bacterial challenge. This is the first report demonstrating RNases as a novel class of epithelial inducible Antimicrobial Proteins, which may play an important role in the innate immune defense system of human epithelia.
Jurgen Harder - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review: Human Antimicrobial Proteins — effectors of innate immunity:
Journal of Endotoxin Research, 2020Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Regine Gläser, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:We live in a world populated by an enormous number of micro-organisms. This necessitates the existence of highly effective mechanisms to control microbial growth. Through many research efforts, a chemical defense system based on the production of Antimicrobial Proteins (AMPs) has been identified. AMPs are endogenous, small Proteins exhibiting Antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of micro-organisms. The wide distribution of these molecules in the plant and animal kingdom reflects their biological significance. Various human AMPs show a potent effect on pathogenic micro-organisms including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the role of AMPs within innate immunity and evaluating their use and/or specific induction to fend off infections. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of human AMPs and discuss examples where AMPs may be involved in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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review human Antimicrobial Proteins effectors of innate immunity
Journal of Endotoxin Research, 2007Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Regine Gläser, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:We live in a world populated by an enormous number of micro-organisms. This necessitates the existence of highly effective mechanisms to control microbial growth. Through many research efforts, a chemical defense system based on the production of Antimicrobial Proteins (AMPs) has been identified. AMPs are endogenous, small Proteins exhibiting Antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of micro-organisms. The wide distribution of these molecules in the plant and animal kingdom reflects their biological significance. Various human AMPs show a potent effect on pathogenic micro-organisms including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the role of AMPs within innate immunity and evaluating their use and/or specific induction to fend off infections. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of human AMPs and discuss examples where AMPs may be involved in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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The role and potential therapeutical applications of Antimicrobial Proteins in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Endocrine‚ Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 2007Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Regine Gläser, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:Antimicrobial Proteins (AMP) are endogenous, gene-encoded Proteins, which are able to kill bacteria, fungi and viruses at micro- and nanomolar concentrations. The constitutive as well as inducible production of AMP provides a rapid first-line of defense against invading microorganisms. The significance of such ancient defense system is reflected by the wide distribution of AMP in the plant and animal kingdom. There is increasing evidence that AMP may play an important role in several infectious and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, cystic fibrosis and Crohns disease. In this review we aim to provide a short overview about the role of Antimicrobial Proteins in human diseases. In addition, the use and selective induction of AMP for the development of novel potential therapeutic strategies are addressed. The benefits and possible restrictions of AMP utilization as a new class of antibiotic compounds are discussed.
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psoriatic scales a promising source for the isolation of human skin derived Antimicrobial Proteins
Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:Patients with psoriasis, a chronic, hy- perproliferative and noninfectious skin disease, suffer surprisingly fewer cutaneous infections than would be expected. This observation led us to the hypothesis that a local "chemical shield" in the form of Antimicrobial Proteins provides pso- riatic skin with resistance against infection. We subsequently began a systematic analysis of in vitro Antimicrobially active Proteins in psoriatic- scale extracts. A biochemical approach with rig- orous purification and characterization com- bined with Antimicrobial testing identified a num- ber of mostly new human antibiotic peptides and Proteins. In this review, we will focus on the most prominent Antimicrobial Proteins in psoriatic- scale extracts, which we identified as the S100- protein psoriasin, human -defensin 2 (hBD-2), RNase 7, lysozyme, and human neutrophil defen- sin 1-3. Apart from these cutaneous, antimicro- bial Proteins, only a few others, including hBD-3, have been characterized. A great num- ber of minor Antimicrobial Proteins await further structural characterization. J. Leukoc. Biol. 77: 000 -0 00; 2005.
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RNase 7, a novel innate immune defense Antimicrobial protein of healthy human skin.
Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2002Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:Abstract We analyzed healthy human skin for the presence of endogenous Antimicrobial Proteins that might explain the unusually high resistance of human skin against infections. A novel 14.5-kDa Antimicrobial ribonuclease, termed RNase 7, was isolated from skin-derived stratum corneum. RNase 7 exhibited potent ribonuclease activity and thus may contribute to the well known ribonuclease activity of human skin. RNase 7 revealed broad spectrum Antimicrobial activity against many pathogenic microorganisms and remarkably potent activity (lethal dose of 90% < 30 nm) against a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. Molecular cloning from skin-derived primary keratinocytes and purification of RNase 7 from supernatants of cultured primary keratinocytes indicate that keratinocytes represent the major cellular source in skin and that RNase 7 is secreted. RNase 7 mRNA expression was detected in various epithelial tissues including skin, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and at a low level, in the gut. In addition to a constitutive expression, RNase 7 mRNA was induced in cultured primary keratinocytes by interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and bacterial challenge. This is the first report demonstrating RNases as a novel class of epithelial inducible Antimicrobial Proteins, which may play an important role in the innate immune defense system of human epithelia.
Steven R. Beissinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Differential deposition of Antimicrobial Proteins in blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) clutches by laying order
2020Co-Authors: Liliana D'albamatthew, Steven R. BeissingerAbstract:Female birds can influence offspring fitness by varying the relative quantities of egg components they deposit within and between clutches. Antimicrobial Proteins (lysozyme, ovotransferrin, and avidin) are significant components of the avian albumen and likely aid in defense of embryos from microbial infection. Within clutches, females may enhance Antimicrobial defense of early-laid eggs to protect them from the high risk of infection incurred before the onset of incubation. Among entire clutches, females may invest more resources in young sired by more
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differential deposition of Antimicrobial Proteins in blue tit cyanistes caeruleus clutches by laying order and male attractiveness
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2010Co-Authors: Liliana Dalba, Matthew D Shawkey, Peter Korsten, Oscar Vedder, Sjouke A Kingma, Jan Komdeur, Steven R. BeissingerAbstract:Female birds can influence offspring fitness by varying the relative quantities of egg components they deposit within and between clutches. Antimicrobial Proteins (lysozyme, ovotransferrin, and avidin) are significant components of the avian albumen and likely aid in defense of embryos from microbial infection. Within clutches, females may enhance Antimicrobial defense of early-laid eggs to protect them from the high risk of infection incurred before the onset of incubation. Among entire clutches, females may invest more resources in young sired by more attractive males because they have higher reproductive value. We tested these hypotheses by quantifying Antimicrobial protein distribution within and among clutches in blue tit eggs. Contrary to our hypothesis, clutches showed no differential deposition of lysozyme or avidin within clutches, but eggs laid in the middle of the sequence had higher concentrations of ovotransferrin than eggs in the beginning and end. Consistent with our second hypothesis, we found that females produced eggs with higher concentrations of lysozyme (although not ovotransferrin or avidin) when mated to more attractive (more UV-reflective) males. Furthermore, females mated to polygynous males deposited less lysozyme than those mated to monogamous males. These data suggest that allocation of lysozyme at the clutch level may be a maternal effect mediated by male qualities.
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do birds differentially distribute Antimicrobial Proteins within clutches of eggs
Behavioral Ecology, 2008Co-Authors: Matthew D Shawkey, Karl L Kosciuch, Frank C Rohwer, Elizabeth R Loos, Jennifer M Wang, Steven R. BeissingerAbstract:Matthew D. Shawkey, Karl L. Kosciuch, Mark Liu, Frank C. Rohwer, Elizabeth R. Loos, Jennifer M. Wang, and Steven R. Beissinger Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, 137 Mulford Hall #3114, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA, Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 331 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849, USA, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, and Delta Waterfowl, PO Box 3124, Bismarck, ND 38502, USA
Peter Korsten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differential deposition of Antimicrobial Proteins in blue tit cyanistes caeruleus clutches by laying order and male attractiveness
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2010Co-Authors: Liliana Dalba, Matthew D Shawkey, Peter Korsten, Oscar Vedder, Sjouke A Kingma, Jan Komdeur, Steven R. BeissingerAbstract:Female birds can influence offspring fitness by varying the relative quantities of egg components they deposit within and between clutches. Antimicrobial Proteins (lysozyme, ovotransferrin, and avidin) are significant components of the avian albumen and likely aid in defense of embryos from microbial infection. Within clutches, females may enhance Antimicrobial defense of early-laid eggs to protect them from the high risk of infection incurred before the onset of incubation. Among entire clutches, females may invest more resources in young sired by more attractive males because they have higher reproductive value. We tested these hypotheses by quantifying Antimicrobial protein distribution within and among clutches in blue tit eggs. Contrary to our hypothesis, clutches showed no differential deposition of lysozyme or avidin within clutches, but eggs laid in the middle of the sequence had higher concentrations of ovotransferrin than eggs in the beginning and end. Consistent with our second hypothesis, we found that females produced eggs with higher concentrations of lysozyme (although not ovotransferrin or avidin) when mated to more attractive (more UV-reflective) males. Furthermore, females mated to polygynous males deposited less lysozyme than those mated to monogamous males. These data suggest that allocation of lysozyme at the clutch level may be a maternal effect mediated by male qualities.
Regine Gläser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review: Human Antimicrobial Proteins — effectors of innate immunity:
Journal of Endotoxin Research, 2020Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Regine Gläser, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:We live in a world populated by an enormous number of micro-organisms. This necessitates the existence of highly effective mechanisms to control microbial growth. Through many research efforts, a chemical defense system based on the production of Antimicrobial Proteins (AMPs) has been identified. AMPs are endogenous, small Proteins exhibiting Antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of micro-organisms. The wide distribution of these molecules in the plant and animal kingdom reflects their biological significance. Various human AMPs show a potent effect on pathogenic micro-organisms including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the role of AMPs within innate immunity and evaluating their use and/or specific induction to fend off infections. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of human AMPs and discuss examples where AMPs may be involved in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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ultraviolet radiation induced upregulation of Antimicrobial Proteins in health and disease
Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Sarah Felton, Regine Gläser, Fatemeh Navid, Agatha Schwarz, T Schwarz, L E RhodesAbstract:This article reviews recent data on the expression, regulation and activation of Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) in human skin, and considers their potential protective and pro-inflammatory roles following upregulation by ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Antimicrobial peptides are small peptides that are key components of the innate immune system, originally identified by their vital role in protecting the body-environment interface from infection. However, it has now become clear that AMP have more extensive actions, including the provision of pivotal links with the adaptive immune system. Moreover, aberrant AMP expression may contribute to immuno-modulated inflammatory dermatoses including psoriasis, eczema and the photoaggravated condition lupus erythematosus. Recent work has demonstrated the direct upregulation of AMP in healthy skin by cutaneous UVR exposure. This may serve to protect the skin from risks imposed by both the biophysical barrier-compromise and the immunosuppression that are attributable to UVR exposure. Furthermore, it is observed that UVR provokes upregulation of AMP in an atypical manner in the photosensitivity disorder polymorphic light eruption. Dysregulated UVR responses of these pro-inflammatory Proteins may play a role in the pathogenesis of certain immune-mediated diseases caused or aggravated by sunlight.
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review human Antimicrobial Proteins effectors of innate immunity
Journal of Endotoxin Research, 2007Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Regine Gläser, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:We live in a world populated by an enormous number of micro-organisms. This necessitates the existence of highly effective mechanisms to control microbial growth. Through many research efforts, a chemical defense system based on the production of Antimicrobial Proteins (AMPs) has been identified. AMPs are endogenous, small Proteins exhibiting Antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of micro-organisms. The wide distribution of these molecules in the plant and animal kingdom reflects their biological significance. Various human AMPs show a potent effect on pathogenic micro-organisms including antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the role of AMPs within innate immunity and evaluating their use and/or specific induction to fend off infections. In this review, we provide an overview of the characteristics of human AMPs and discuss examples where AMPs may be involved in the pathogenesis of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
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The role and potential therapeutical applications of Antimicrobial Proteins in infectious and inflammatory diseases.
Endocrine‚ Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets, 2007Co-Authors: Jurgen Harder, Regine Gläser, Jensmichael SchroderAbstract:Antimicrobial Proteins (AMP) are endogenous, gene-encoded Proteins, which are able to kill bacteria, fungi and viruses at micro- and nanomolar concentrations. The constitutive as well as inducible production of AMP provides a rapid first-line of defense against invading microorganisms. The significance of such ancient defense system is reflected by the wide distribution of AMP in the plant and animal kingdom. There is increasing evidence that AMP may play an important role in several infectious and inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis, cystic fibrosis and Crohns disease. In this review we aim to provide a short overview about the role of Antimicrobial Proteins in human diseases. In addition, the use and selective induction of AMP for the development of novel potential therapeutic strategies are addressed. The benefits and possible restrictions of AMP utilization as a new class of antibiotic compounds are discussed.