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Hongsheng Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microplastic ingestion by the farmed sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in China
Environmental Pollution, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed Mohsen, Libin Zhang, Qing Wang, Hongsheng YangAbstract:Microplastic ingestion by the farmed sea cucumber is undocumented. Microplastics were isolated from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus that was collected from eight farms along the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China. To examine microplastic ingestion, the intestines were isolated, digested and then subjected to the floatation test. The microplastic abundance in the sediment ranged from 20 to 1040 particles kg(-1) of dry sediment, while the ingested microplastics ranged from 0 to 30 particles intestine(-1). After filtering the coelomic fluid, the extracted microplastics from the coelomic fluid ranged from 0 to 19 particles animal(-1). Thus, we speculated that microplastics may transfer to the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber. The ingested micropiastics did not correlate with the animal body weight but was site dependent, suggesting that sea cucumber may serve as sentinel for microplastic pollution monitoring in the sediment. The microplastics were identified by Fourier transform infrared micro spectroscopy, and the polymer types were mainly cellophane, polyester, and polyethylene terephthalate. This study revealed that, microplastics widely existed in sea cucumber farms, and that sea cucumbers ingest microplastics as suitable with their mouth open. Moreover, the microptastics might transfer to the coelomic fluid of the sea cucumber. Further investigations are needed to assess the chronic effect of the microplastics on the growth and physiological status of the sea cucumber. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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effect of water temperature on diel feeding locomotion behaviour and digestive physiology in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Jiamin Sun, Libin Zhang, Fang Wang, Yang Pan, Chenggang Lin, Hongsheng YangAbstract:ABSTRACT This study used controlled laboratory conditions to directly assess the role of water temperature in controlling diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, and digestive physiology, in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus . The results revealed that both the proportion of feeding individuals and ingestion rate were highest at 16°C. Regardless of water temperature, sea cucumbers appeared to be nocturnal and their peak feeding activity occurred at 00:00 h to 04:00 h. Tentacle insertion rate was not significantly correlated with water temperature ( A. japonicus showed more active feeding and moving activities, and higher digestive enzyme activities, at night than during the day. These results demonstrated that diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, at least in the short term, were not controlled by light or low water temperature ( A. japonicus had the ability to optimize the digestive function for the coming feeding peak. These findings should provide valuable information for the development of the aquaculture of this species.
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effects of dietary protein levels on the activity of the digestive enzyme of albino and normal Apostichopus japonicus selenka
Aquaculture Research, 2018Co-Authors: Sudong Xia, Libin Zhang, Lina Sun, Shilin Liu, Wei Zhao, Hongsheng YangAbstract:We evaluated the effects of different proportions of dietary protein (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% protein) on the activity of digestive enzymes of normal and albino Apostichopus japonicus. The experimental diets were fed for 60days, the optimal conditions for digestive enzyme activity in sea cucumbers were studied. The optimal temperature for protease was 29.3 degrees C and the optimal pH was 1.8. The optimal temperature for amylase was 34.3 degrees C and the optimal pH was 6.7. The optimal temperature for cellulase was 56 degrees C and the optimal pH was 5.9. The activity of intestinal protease increased at first and then decreased as the proportion of dietary protein increased, reaching the maximum when the proportion of protein was 19.7%. The activity of protease in the intestine of normal sea cucumber was significantly lower than that of albino sea cucumber, and the activity of amylase was significantly higher than that of albino sea cucumber. This study is expected to provide a basis for further explaining the ecological difference of albino and normal A.japonicus.
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Impact of hypoxia stress on the physiological responses of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: respiration, digestion, immunity and oxidative damage
PeerJ Inc., 2018Co-Authors: Da Huo, Libin Zhang, Lina Sun, Chenggang Lin, Shilin Liu, Xiaoke Xin, Hongsheng YangAbstract:Hypoxia is one of the most frequently occurring stressors confronted by industrial cultures of sea cucumber and can cause large economic losses and resource degradation. However, its responsive mechanisms are still lacking. In this paper, the physiological responses of Apostichopus japonicus to oxygen deficiency was illustrated, including induced oxidative response and immune defense and changed digestive enzymes activities. Significantly increased activities of alpha-amylase (AMS), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and higher content of malondialdehyde, and decreased activities of lipase and trypsin (TRY) were observed after hypoxia exposure (dissolved oxygen [DO] 2 mg/L). Expressions of key genes showed that AMS, peptidase, ACP, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, heat shock protein 70 and glutathione peroxidase were increased and TRY was decreased under hypoxia. With the decline of the DO level, the decreased tendency of oxygen consumption rates was different in varied weight groups. Moreover, respiratory trees were observed degraded under long-term hypoxia stress, thus leading a negative effect of respiration. These results could help to develop a better understanding of the responsive mechanism of sea cucumber under hypoxia stress and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of hypoxia risk
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carbohydrate and amino acids metabolic response to heat stress in the intestine of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Aquaculture Research, 2017Co-Authors: Shun Zhou, Hongsheng YangAbstract:The sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus is an economic species mainly distributed along the coast of northern China, south-eastern Russia, Japan, Republic of Korea and Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Aquaculture industry of A. japonicus has been facing severe challenge of high temperature. In this study, we studied the mRNA expression profiles of eight key metabolic enzymes involved in carbohydrate and amino acids metabolism in A. japonicus under heat stress. The expression of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and malate dehydrogenase showed downregulated response to heat stress, while the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase and branched-chain aminotransferase showed upregulated response. In addition, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase showed no significant difference. We also applied 1H NMR-based metabolomics to investigate metabolic changes in the intestine tissue of A. japonicus under heat stress, the results of which revealed nine increased and 10 decreased metabolites in the heat stress group. These response genes and metabolites have potential to become markers for identifying severity of heat stress. More importantly, our findings suggest significant links between gene expression and metabolites changing, highlighting regulation networks of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in heat-stressed A. japonicus.
Yonggang Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bioactive isopimarane diterpenes from the fungus epicoccum sp hs 1 associated with Apostichopus japonicus
Marine Drugs, 2015Co-Authors: Jun Qi, Yonggang ZhangAbstract:One new isopimarane diterpene (1), together with two known compounds, 11-deoxydiaporthein A (2) and iso-pimara-8(14),15-diene (3) were isolated from the culture of Epicoccum sp., which was associated with Apostichopus japonicus. Their structures were determined by the analysis of 1D and 2D NMR, as well as mass spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of Compound 1 was deduced by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment using CuKα radiation. In the bioactivity assay, both Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 4.6 ± 0.1 and 11.9 ± 0.4 μM, respectively. This was the first report on isopimarane diterpenes with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.
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pimarane diterpenes from the fungus epicoccum sp hs 1 associated with Apostichopus japonicus
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2012Co-Authors: Jianye Zhang, Yonggang Zhang, Wei LiAbstract:Abstract Three new pimarane diterpenes ( 1 , 2 and 3 ) as well as a known compound 4 , were isolated from the marine-derived fungus HS-1 from Apostichopus japonicus . Their structures and relative stereochemistry of 1 – 3 were elucidated using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and CD. In the primary bioassay, compounds 1 , 2 and 4 inhibited the growth of KB and KBv200 with IC 50 of 3.51, 2.34 μg/mL, 20.74, 14.47 μg/mL, and 3.86, 6.52 μg/mL, respectively.
Xiutang Yuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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responses of scallop biodeposits to bioturbation by a deposit feeder Apostichopus japonicus echinodermata holothuroidea does the holothurian density matter
Aquaculture Research, 2016Co-Authors: Xiutang Yuan, Lili Wang, Leiming Meng, Shilan ZhaoAbstract:The deposit-feeding holothurians can reduce the negative impact of bivalve farming by feeding and reworking bivalve wastes (biodeposits) in the context of co-culture. To test effects of the bioturbation by holothurians of different densities on bivalve wastes, a stocking density regime of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (35.4 ± 1.2 g, mean ± SE) was set at 0.0, 6.6, 13.2 ind m−2, and responses of the biotic parameters including chlorophyll a concentration (Chl. a), bacterial biomass and the abiotic ones as oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and organic phosphorus (OP) in biodeposits discharged by Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis were investigated. Results showed that A. japonicus grew in a density-dependent manner, and the density-dependent effect on both biotic and abiotic parameters in biodeposits were also observed. Apostichopus japonicus stimulated a transfer process from reduction to weak reduction state of the biodeposits with a trend of higher density holothurians stimulating the process more. Furthermore, A. japonicus significantly controlled the bacterial abundance and Chl. a, as well as reducing the contents of OM, OC, TN and OP in the biodeposits. Yet, the response of abiotic parameters delayed rather than that of biotic parameters, underling the biotic parameters could be more sensitive to bioturbation than the abiotic ones. Our study suggests that the bioturbation of A. japonicus plays an important role in retarding organic waste accumulation and cleansing nutrients in bivalve farming wastes under co-culture condition and the bioremediation capacity may be closely dependent on its stocking density in practice.
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effects of salinity on energy budget in pond cultured sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus selenka echinodermata holothuroidea
Aquaculture, 2010Co-Authors: Hongsheng Yang, Xiutang Yuan, Yi Zhou, Lili Wang, Howaida R GabrAbstract:Pond farming for sea cucumber has developed rapidly along the northern coast of China in the recent years. Holothurians inhabiting ponds undergo seasonal fluctuations of salinity. This study deals with the bioenergetic responses of pond-cultured sea cucumbers Apostichopus japonicus (wet weight of 37.5 +/- 1.8 g) to different water salinities [22, 27, 31.5, and 36 practical salinity units (psu)] at 15 degrees C in the laboratory to determine the influence of water salinity on growth and energy allocation in this species. Results show that ingested energy and scope for growth (SFG) were highest at 31.5 psu and then decreased when water salinity was below or above this point. Although energy ingested was lowest at 36 psu, the lowest SFG occurred at 22 psu (only 102.68 +/- 14.26 J g(-1) d(-1)) because animals reared at 22 psu spent much more consumed energy on feces (72.19%), respiration (21.70%), and excretion (2.59%), leaving less energy for growth (3.52%). Results suggest that pond-cultured sea cucumbers could tolerate chronic salinity fluctuations at a range of 22 to 36 psu and grew better between 27 and 31.5 psu, but decreased at salinities above and below the mentioned salinity range. Crown Copyright (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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bioenergetic responses of sub adult sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus selenka echinodermata holothuroidea to temperature with special discussion regarding its southernmost distribution limit in china
Journal of Thermal Biology, 2009Co-Authors: Hongsheng Yang, Xiutang Yuan, Yi Zhou, Lili Wang, Howaida R GabrAbstract:1. This paper investigated the bioenergetic responses of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (wet weights of 36.5 +/- 1.2 g) to different water temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C) in the laboratory.
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effects of aestivation on the energy budget of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus selenka echinodermata holothuroidea
Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007Co-Authors: Xiutang Yuan, Hongsheng Yang, Yi Zhou, Tao Zhang, Lili Wang, Ying LiuAbstract:Abstract Apostichopus japonicus is a kind of temperate sea cucumbers, known to aestivate when water temperature rises above 20°C to 24.5°C. In this study, we measured the effects of aestivation on the energy utilization (i.e., energy allocation in growth, feces discharge, respiration and excretion) of A. japonicus with two different body weights (134.0 g ± 3.5 g and 73.6 g ± 2.2 g) at water temperature from 10°C to 30°C with an interval of 5°C. Noticeable variation in the energy utilization of sea cucumbers was observed in this study. During the non-aestivation period, energy deposit in growth was lower and the energy loss in feces accounted for the majority of the feeding energy. Under the threshold temperature, the feeding energy reduced and the proportion of energy deposit in growth became negative. During aestivation, sea cucumbers discontinued feeding energy, resulting in weight loss. Our study suggested that the ecological implication of aestivation in this species could lead to a model of energy saving during the long-term hot period.
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the influence of diets containing dried bivalve feces and or powdered algae on growth and energy distribution in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus selenka echinodermata holothuroidea
Aquaculture, 2006Co-Authors: Xiutang Yuan, Hongsheng Yang, Yi Zhou, Tao Zhang, Yuze Mao, Ying LiuAbstract:In recent years, bivalve feces and powdered algae have been used as the food sources of holothurians in China. In this study, growth and energy budget for sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) with initial wet body,veights of 32.5 1.0 g (mean +/- SE, n=45) when fed with five different granule diets containing dried bivalve feces and/or powdered algae in water temperature 13.2-19.8 degrees C and salinity 30-32ppt were quantified in order to investigate how diets influence growth and energy distribution and to find out the proper diet for land-based intensive culture of this species. Results showed that diets affected the food ingestion, feces production, food conversion efficiency and apparent digestive ratios, hence the growth and energy budget. Sea cucumbers fed with dried feces of bivalve showed poorer energy absorption, assimilation and growth than individuals fed with other four diets; this could be because feces-drying process removed much of the benefits. Dried bivalve feces alone, therefore, were not a suitable diet for sea cucumbers in intensive cultivation. The mixed diets of feces and powered algae showed promising results for cultivation of sub-adult Apostichopus japonicus, while animals fed with powdered algae alone, could not obtain the best growth. According to SGR of tested animals, a formula of 75% feces and 25% powdered algae is the best diet for culture of this species. Extruded diets were used in the present experiment to overcome shortcomings of the traditional powdered feeds, however, it seems a conflict exists between drying bivalve feces to form extruded diets and feeding sea cucumbers with fresh feces which contain beneficial bacteria. Compared with other echinoderms, in holothurians the energy deposited in growth is lower and the energy loss in feces accounts for the majority of the ingested energy. Such detailed information could be helpful in further development of more appropriate diets for culture of holothurians. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Wei Li - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pimarane diterpenes from the fungus epicoccum sp hs 1 associated with Apostichopus japonicus
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2012Co-Authors: Jianye Zhang, Yonggang Zhang, Wei LiAbstract:Abstract Three new pimarane diterpenes ( 1 , 2 and 3 ) as well as a known compound 4 , were isolated from the marine-derived fungus HS-1 from Apostichopus japonicus . Their structures and relative stereochemistry of 1 – 3 were elucidated using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and CD. In the primary bioassay, compounds 1 , 2 and 4 inhibited the growth of KB and KBv200 with IC 50 of 3.51, 2.34 μg/mL, 20.74, 14.47 μg/mL, and 3.86, 6.52 μg/mL, respectively.
Libin Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptome analysis of gender biased cyp genes in gonads of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part D: Genomics and Proteomics, 2021Co-Authors: Shuangyan Zhang, Libin Zhang, Kui Ding, Qiming FengAbstract:Gender differences in physiological characteristics are widespread in animals. Herein, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in gonads of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were analysed by transcriptomics, and the results showed that 19,973 genes were commonly expressed in the males and females, 4186 were female-biased, and 2540 were male-biased, 4695 genes were up-regulated in the females and 3436 genes were up-regulated in the males. These DEGs were mainly associated with metabolism, including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, energy metabolism, and cofactor and vitamin metabolism. 29 Cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily genes with gender differential expression were selected, and performed gene identification, phylogenetic, and functional analyses. The results indicated significant roles in multiple metabolic pathways, such as steroid hormone biosynthesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, cortisol synthesis and secretion, arachidonic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and retinol metabolism. The findings provide insight into the molecular characteristics of physiological gender differences in sea cucumbers, and will help lay the foundation for the establishment of effective sea cucumber breeding technologies.
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Microplastic ingestion by the farmed sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in China
Environmental Pollution, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed Mohsen, Libin Zhang, Qing Wang, Hongsheng YangAbstract:Microplastic ingestion by the farmed sea cucumber is undocumented. Microplastics were isolated from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus that was collected from eight farms along the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China. To examine microplastic ingestion, the intestines were isolated, digested and then subjected to the floatation test. The microplastic abundance in the sediment ranged from 20 to 1040 particles kg(-1) of dry sediment, while the ingested microplastics ranged from 0 to 30 particles intestine(-1). After filtering the coelomic fluid, the extracted microplastics from the coelomic fluid ranged from 0 to 19 particles animal(-1). Thus, we speculated that microplastics may transfer to the coelomic fluid of sea cucumber. The ingested micropiastics did not correlate with the animal body weight but was site dependent, suggesting that sea cucumber may serve as sentinel for microplastic pollution monitoring in the sediment. The microplastics were identified by Fourier transform infrared micro spectroscopy, and the polymer types were mainly cellophane, polyester, and polyethylene terephthalate. This study revealed that, microplastics widely existed in sea cucumber farms, and that sea cucumbers ingest microplastics as suitable with their mouth open. Moreover, the microptastics might transfer to the coelomic fluid of the sea cucumber. Further investigations are needed to assess the chronic effect of the microplastics on the growth and physiological status of the sea cucumber. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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effect of water temperature on diel feeding locomotion behaviour and digestive physiology in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Jiamin Sun, Libin Zhang, Fang Wang, Yang Pan, Chenggang Lin, Hongsheng YangAbstract:ABSTRACT This study used controlled laboratory conditions to directly assess the role of water temperature in controlling diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, and digestive physiology, in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus . The results revealed that both the proportion of feeding individuals and ingestion rate were highest at 16°C. Regardless of water temperature, sea cucumbers appeared to be nocturnal and their peak feeding activity occurred at 00:00 h to 04:00 h. Tentacle insertion rate was not significantly correlated with water temperature ( A. japonicus showed more active feeding and moving activities, and higher digestive enzyme activities, at night than during the day. These results demonstrated that diel feeding and locomotion behaviours, at least in the short term, were not controlled by light or low water temperature ( A. japonicus had the ability to optimize the digestive function for the coming feeding peak. These findings should provide valuable information for the development of the aquaculture of this species.
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effects of dietary protein levels on the activity of the digestive enzyme of albino and normal Apostichopus japonicus selenka
Aquaculture Research, 2018Co-Authors: Sudong Xia, Libin Zhang, Lina Sun, Shilin Liu, Wei Zhao, Hongsheng YangAbstract:We evaluated the effects of different proportions of dietary protein (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% protein) on the activity of digestive enzymes of normal and albino Apostichopus japonicus. The experimental diets were fed for 60days, the optimal conditions for digestive enzyme activity in sea cucumbers were studied. The optimal temperature for protease was 29.3 degrees C and the optimal pH was 1.8. The optimal temperature for amylase was 34.3 degrees C and the optimal pH was 6.7. The optimal temperature for cellulase was 56 degrees C and the optimal pH was 5.9. The activity of intestinal protease increased at first and then decreased as the proportion of dietary protein increased, reaching the maximum when the proportion of protein was 19.7%. The activity of protease in the intestine of normal sea cucumber was significantly lower than that of albino sea cucumber, and the activity of amylase was significantly higher than that of albino sea cucumber. This study is expected to provide a basis for further explaining the ecological difference of albino and normal A.japonicus.
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Impact of hypoxia stress on the physiological responses of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus: respiration, digestion, immunity and oxidative damage
PeerJ Inc., 2018Co-Authors: Da Huo, Libin Zhang, Lina Sun, Chenggang Lin, Shilin Liu, Xiaoke Xin, Hongsheng YangAbstract:Hypoxia is one of the most frequently occurring stressors confronted by industrial cultures of sea cucumber and can cause large economic losses and resource degradation. However, its responsive mechanisms are still lacking. In this paper, the physiological responses of Apostichopus japonicus to oxygen deficiency was illustrated, including induced oxidative response and immune defense and changed digestive enzymes activities. Significantly increased activities of alpha-amylase (AMS), acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase, catalase, peroxidase, succinate dehydrogenase and higher content of malondialdehyde, and decreased activities of lipase and trypsin (TRY) were observed after hypoxia exposure (dissolved oxygen [DO] 2 mg/L). Expressions of key genes showed that AMS, peptidase, ACP, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, heat shock protein 70 and glutathione peroxidase were increased and TRY was decreased under hypoxia. With the decline of the DO level, the decreased tendency of oxygen consumption rates was different in varied weight groups. Moreover, respiratory trees were observed degraded under long-term hypoxia stress, thus leading a negative effect of respiration. These results could help to develop a better understanding of the responsive mechanism of sea cucumber under hypoxia stress and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of hypoxia risk