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Takashi Hirata - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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sphingoid bases from Sea Cucumber induce apoptosis in human hepatoma hepg2 cells through p akt and dr5
Oncology Reports, 2013Co-Authors: Zakir Hossain, Tatsuya Sugawara, Takashi HirataAbstract:Abstract Biofunctional marine compounds have recently received substantial attention for their nutraceutical characteristics. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis-inducing effects of sphingoid bases prepared from Sea Cucumber using human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Apoptotic effects were determined by cell viability assay, DNA fragmentation assay, caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities. The expression levels of apoptosis-inducing death receptor-5 (DR5) and p-AKT were assayed by western blot analysis, and mRNA expression of bax, GADD45 and PPARγ was assayed by quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Sphingoid bases from Sea Cucumber markedly reduced the cell viability of HepG2 cells. DNA fragmentation indicative of apoptosis was observed in a dose-dependent manner. The expression levels of the apoptosis inducer protein Bax were increased by the sphingoid bases from Sea Cucumber. GADD45, which plays an important role in apoptosis-inducing pathways, was markedly upregulated by sphingoid bases from Sea Cucumber. Upregulation of PPARγ mRNA was also observed during apoptosis induced by the sphingoid bases. The expression levels of DR5 and p-AKT proteins were increased and decreased, respectively, as a result of the effects of sphingoid bases from Sea Cucumber. The results indicate that sphingoid bases from Sea Cucumber induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells through upregulation of DR5, Bax, GADD45 and PPARγ and downregulation of p-AKT. Our results show for the first time the functional properties of marine sphingoid bases as inducers of apoptosis in HepG2 cells.
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isolation of sphingoid bases of Sea Cucumber cerebrosides and their cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cells
Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Tatsuya Sugawara, Shota Sakai, Akiyo Yamamoto, Ryoko Noguchi, Nobuhiro Zaima, Takashi HirataAbstract:Sea Cucumber is a health-beneficial food, and contains a variety of physiologically active substances including glycosphingolipids. We show here the sphingoid base composition of cerebrosides prepared from Sea Cucumber and the cytotoxicity against human colon cancer cell lines. The composition of sphingoid bases prepared from Sea Cucumber was different from that of mammals, and the major constituents estimated from mass spectra had a branched C17–19 alkyl chain with 1–3 double bonds. The viability of DLD-1, WiDr and Caco-2 cells treated with Sea Cucumber sphingoid bases was reduced in a dose-dependent manner and was similar to that of cells treated with sphingosine. The sphingoid bases induced such a morphological change as condensed chromatin fragments and increased the caspase-3 activity, indicating that the sphingoid bases reduced the cell viability by causing apoptosis in these cells. Sphingolipids of Sea Cucumber might therefore serve as bioactive dietary components to suppress colon cancer.
Sven Uthicke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sea Cucumber fisheries: Global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing
Fish and Fisheries, 2013Co-Authors: Steven W. Purcell, M. Verónica Toral-granda, Alessandro Lovatelli, Chantal Conand, Annie Mercier, Jean-françois Hamel, Sven UthickeAbstract:Worldwide, most Sea Cucumber fisheries are ineffectively managed, leading to declining stocks and potentially eroding the resilience of fisheries. We analyse trends in catches, fishery status, fishing participation and regulatory measures among 77 Sea Cucumber fisheries through data from recent fishery reports and fishery managers. Critical gaps in fisheries biology knowledge of even commonly targeted species undermine the expected success of management strategies. Most tropical fisheries are small-scale, older and typified by numerous (>8) species, whereas temperate fisheries are often emerging, mono-specific and industrialized. Fisher participation data indicated about 3 million Sea Cucumber fishers worldwide. Fisher participation rates were significantly related to the average annual yield. permanova analysis showed that over-exploited and depleted fisheries employed different sets of measures than fisheries with healthier stocks, and a non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination illustrated that a broad set of regulatory measures typified sustainable fisheries. SIMPER and regression tree analyses identified that the dissimilarity was most related to enforcement capacity, number of species harvested, fleet (vessel) controls, limited entry controls and rotational closures. The national Human Development Index was significantly lower in countries with over-exploited and depleted fisheries. Where possible, managers should limit the number of fishers and vessel size and establish short lists of permissible commercial species in multispecies fisheries. Our findings emphasize an imperative to support the enforcement capacity in low-income countries, in which risk of biodiversity loss is exceptionally high. Solutions for greater resilience of Sea Cucumber stocks must be embedded within those for poverty reduction and alternative livelihood options.
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advances in Sea Cucumber aquaculture and management
2004Co-Authors: Alessandro Lovatelli, Steven W. Purcell, Chantal Conand, Jean-françois Hamel, Sven Uthicke, Annie MercierAbstract:The utilisation of Sea Cucumbers, including for human consumption, has been steadily growing over the years. Up-to-date information on the present status of world Sea Cucumber resources and utilisation is presented with special focus on countries such as China, Ecuador, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia and the Philippines that have been heavily engaged in the industry for decades. Information from other countries such as Cuba, Egypt, Madagascar and the United Republic of Tanzania, relative newcomers to the sector, is also provided, indicating to some extent the growing interest with regard to the exploitation of holothurians for the demanding Asian markets. Details on the technical advances made in the artificial reproduction and farming of selected commercial species are presented. This document includes the recommendations formulated during the FAO Fisheries Department Workshop on Advances in Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and Management held in Dalian, China, in October 2003, along with the technical papers presented. The report will be useful to those international and regional development organisations and national governments who wish to prioritise their activities concerning Sea Cucumber conservation and exploitation.
Steven W. Purcell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sea Cucumber fisheries: a manager's toolbox
2020Co-Authors: Kim Friedman, Steven W. Purcell, Johann D. Bell, Cathy HairAbstract:Sea Cucumber fisheries provide an important source of cash income to isolated coastal communities throughout the Pacific islands region through the processing and sale of 'beche-de-mer'. Regrettably, for many communities these small-scale fisheries no longer yield the benefits they once did due to over-fishing. In areas where there are few other opportunities to earn income, this has resulted in families and, in some cases, whole villages suffering. The over-fishing has been exacerbated by the sedentary nature of Sea Cucumbers and the ease with which they can be collected from inshore habitats. Although more remote areas once provided some refuge from fishing for these vulnerable animals, this is no longer the case—these areas are now more readily accessed by divers using better boats and underwater breathing apparatus taking advantage of improved access to markets. In response to the dire condition of many Sea Cucumber fisheries today, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural ReSearch (ACIAR) convened the 'Papua New Guinea, Pacific Islands and Northern Australia Sea Cucumber Fisheries Management Workshop', held at Motupore Island ReSearch Centre, Papua New Guinea, 20–23 March 2006. This booklet is a direct outcome of that workshop.
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Sea Cucumber fisheries: Global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing
Fish and Fisheries, 2013Co-Authors: Steven W. Purcell, M. Verónica Toral-granda, Alessandro Lovatelli, Chantal Conand, Annie Mercier, Jean-françois Hamel, Sven UthickeAbstract:Worldwide, most Sea Cucumber fisheries are ineffectively managed, leading to declining stocks and potentially eroding the resilience of fisheries. We analyse trends in catches, fishery status, fishing participation and regulatory measures among 77 Sea Cucumber fisheries through data from recent fishery reports and fishery managers. Critical gaps in fisheries biology knowledge of even commonly targeted species undermine the expected success of management strategies. Most tropical fisheries are small-scale, older and typified by numerous (>8) species, whereas temperate fisheries are often emerging, mono-specific and industrialized. Fisher participation data indicated about 3 million Sea Cucumber fishers worldwide. Fisher participation rates were significantly related to the average annual yield. permanova analysis showed that over-exploited and depleted fisheries employed different sets of measures than fisheries with healthier stocks, and a non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination illustrated that a broad set of regulatory measures typified sustainable fisheries. SIMPER and regression tree analyses identified that the dissimilarity was most related to enforcement capacity, number of species harvested, fleet (vessel) controls, limited entry controls and rotational closures. The national Human Development Index was significantly lower in countries with over-exploited and depleted fisheries. Where possible, managers should limit the number of fishers and vessel size and establish short lists of permissible commercial species in multispecies fisheries. Our findings emphasize an imperative to support the enforcement capacity in low-income countries, in which risk of biodiversity loss is exceptionally high. Solutions for greater resilience of Sea Cucumber stocks must be embedded within those for poverty reduction and alternative livelihood options.
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advances in Sea Cucumber aquaculture and management
2004Co-Authors: Alessandro Lovatelli, Steven W. Purcell, Chantal Conand, Jean-françois Hamel, Sven Uthicke, Annie MercierAbstract:The utilisation of Sea Cucumbers, including for human consumption, has been steadily growing over the years. Up-to-date information on the present status of world Sea Cucumber resources and utilisation is presented with special focus on countries such as China, Ecuador, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia and the Philippines that have been heavily engaged in the industry for decades. Information from other countries such as Cuba, Egypt, Madagascar and the United Republic of Tanzania, relative newcomers to the sector, is also provided, indicating to some extent the growing interest with regard to the exploitation of holothurians for the demanding Asian markets. Details on the technical advances made in the artificial reproduction and farming of selected commercial species are presented. This document includes the recommendations formulated during the FAO Fisheries Department Workshop on Advances in Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and Management held in Dalian, China, in October 2003, along with the technical papers presented. The report will be useful to those international and regional development organisations and national governments who wish to prioritise their activities concerning Sea Cucumber conservation and exploitation.
Jean-françois Hamel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Sea Cucumber genome provides insights into morphological evolution and visceral regeneration
PLOS Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaojun Zhang, Jean-françois Hamel, Libin Zhang, Jianbo Yuan, Shihao Li, Yang Yu, Peng Xu, Kenneth B Storey, Pin Huan, Tao ZhangAbstract:Apart from sharing common ancestry with chordates, Sea Cucumbers exhibit a unique morphology and exceptional regenerative capacity. Here we present the complete genome sequence of an economically important Sea Cucumber, A. japonicus, generated using Illumina and PacBio platforms, to achieve an assembly of approximately 805 Mb (contig N50 of 190 Kb and scaffold N50 of 486 Kb), with 30,350 protein-coding genes and high continuity. We used this resource to explore key genetic mechanisms behind the unique biological characters of Sea Cucumbers. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses revealed the presence of marker genes associated with notochord and gill slits, suggesting that these chordate features were present in ancestral echinoderms. The unique shape and weak mineralization of the Sea Cucumber adult body were also preliminarily explained by the contraction of biomineralization genes. Genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses of organ regrowth after induced evisceration provided insight into the molecular underpinnings of visceral regeneration, including a specific tandem-duplicated prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94)-like gene family and a significantly expanded fibrinogen-related protein (FREP) gene family. This high-quality genome resource will provide a useful framework for future reSearch into biological processes and evolution in deuterostomes, including remarkable regenerative abilities that could have medical applications. Moreover, the multiomics data will be of prime value for commercial Sea Cucumber breeding programs.
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Sea Cucumber fisheries: Global analysis of stocks, management measures and drivers of overfishing
Fish and Fisheries, 2013Co-Authors: Steven W. Purcell, M. Verónica Toral-granda, Alessandro Lovatelli, Chantal Conand, Annie Mercier, Jean-françois Hamel, Sven UthickeAbstract:Worldwide, most Sea Cucumber fisheries are ineffectively managed, leading to declining stocks and potentially eroding the resilience of fisheries. We analyse trends in catches, fishery status, fishing participation and regulatory measures among 77 Sea Cucumber fisheries through data from recent fishery reports and fishery managers. Critical gaps in fisheries biology knowledge of even commonly targeted species undermine the expected success of management strategies. Most tropical fisheries are small-scale, older and typified by numerous (>8) species, whereas temperate fisheries are often emerging, mono-specific and industrialized. Fisher participation data indicated about 3 million Sea Cucumber fishers worldwide. Fisher participation rates were significantly related to the average annual yield. permanova analysis showed that over-exploited and depleted fisheries employed different sets of measures than fisheries with healthier stocks, and a non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination illustrated that a broad set of regulatory measures typified sustainable fisheries. SIMPER and regression tree analyses identified that the dissimilarity was most related to enforcement capacity, number of species harvested, fleet (vessel) controls, limited entry controls and rotational closures. The national Human Development Index was significantly lower in countries with over-exploited and depleted fisheries. Where possible, managers should limit the number of fishers and vessel size and establish short lists of permissible commercial species in multispecies fisheries. Our findings emphasize an imperative to support the enforcement capacity in low-income countries, in which risk of biodiversity loss is exceptionally high. Solutions for greater resilience of Sea Cucumber stocks must be embedded within those for poverty reduction and alternative livelihood options.
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advances in Sea Cucumber aquaculture and management
2004Co-Authors: Alessandro Lovatelli, Steven W. Purcell, Chantal Conand, Jean-françois Hamel, Sven Uthicke, Annie MercierAbstract:The utilisation of Sea Cucumbers, including for human consumption, has been steadily growing over the years. Up-to-date information on the present status of world Sea Cucumber resources and utilisation is presented with special focus on countries such as China, Ecuador, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia and the Philippines that have been heavily engaged in the industry for decades. Information from other countries such as Cuba, Egypt, Madagascar and the United Republic of Tanzania, relative newcomers to the sector, is also provided, indicating to some extent the growing interest with regard to the exploitation of holothurians for the demanding Asian markets. Details on the technical advances made in the artificial reproduction and farming of selected commercial species are presented. This document includes the recommendations formulated during the FAO Fisheries Department Workshop on Advances in Sea Cucumber Aquaculture and Management held in Dalian, China, in October 2003, along with the technical papers presented. The report will be useful to those international and regional development organisations and national governments who wish to prioritise their activities concerning Sea Cucumber conservation and exploitation.
Libin Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Microplastic ingestion by the farmed Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in China
Environmental Pollution, 2018Co-Authors: Mohamed Mohsen, Libin Zhang, Qing Wang, Hongsheng YangAbstract:Microplastic ingestion by the farmed Sea Cucumber is undocumented. Microplastics were isolated from the Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus that was collected from eight farms along the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea in China. To examine microplastic ingestion, the intestines were isolated, digested and then subjected to the floatation test. The microplastic abundance in the sediment ranged from 20 to 1040 particles kg(-1) of dry sediment, while the ingested microplastics ranged from 0 to 30 particles intestine(-1). After filtering the coelomic fluid, the extracted microplastics from the coelomic fluid ranged from 0 to 19 particles animal(-1). Thus, we speculated that microplastics may transfer to the coelomic fluid of Sea Cucumber. The ingested micropiastics did not correlate with the animal body weight but was site dependent, suggesting that Sea Cucumber may serve as sentinel for microplastic pollution monitoring in the sediment. The microplastics were identified by Fourier transform infrared micro spectroscopy, and the polymer types were mainly cellophane, polyester, and polyethylene terephthalate. This study revealed that, microplastics widely existed in Sea Cucumber farms, and that Sea Cucumbers ingest microplastics as suitable with their mouth open. Moreover, the microptastics might transfer to the coelomic fluid of the Sea Cucumber. Further investigations are needed to assess the chronic effect of the microplastics on the growth and physiological status of the Sea Cucumber. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Development strategies for the Sea Cucumber industry in China
Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaoshang Ru, Libin Zhang, Xiaoni Li, Hongsheng YangAbstract:The Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, is an important marine aquaculture species in China. After nearly thirty years of development, the production of A. japonicus has become commercially lucrative and successful. In this report, current advances in Sea Cucumber industry are addressed in terms of the basic biology, culturing methods, and health care benefits. Next, the challenges restricting development of the Sea Cucumber industry are discussed, including weaknesses in the basic biological reSearch, the problem of germplasm degradation, environmental stress caused by global climate change, and food safety problems. Finally, several strategies are presented that might contribute to sustainable development of the Sea Cucumber industry. These strategies include advances in genome studies, behavioral studies, selective breeding, ecological culture technologies, reforms in food safety management, and the development of health care functions based on contemporary medical practices. Thus, our work provides new insights into how to explore the sustainable development of the Sea Cucumber industry in the future.
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Energy budget adjustment of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus during breeding period
Aquaculture Research, 2018Co-Authors: Xiaoshang Ru, Jingchun Sun, Shilin Liu, Libin Zhang, Hongsheng YangAbstract:© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Reproductive success is unpredictable for many cultured echinoderms. And cost of reproduction plays an important role in animal life-history. Therefore, understanding cost of reproduction contributes to improving breeding techniques during broodstock rearing in aquaculture. In this study, energetic costs during breeding were explored in the Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, an important aquaculture species in China, Japan and South Korea. The food intake, digestive functions and energy budget patterns were estimated at different breeding stages. Unexpectedly, in the growing gonad phase of the Sea Cucumber lifecycle, animals showed a decline in feed consumption (from 4.49 to 2.6 g ind -1 day -1 ), ingestion rate (from 0.4 to 0.13 g g -1 day -1 ) and apparent digestive rate (from 14.73% to 10.92%), resulting in a reduced energy input. In addition, the increased energy investment in reproduction (from 1.76% to 15.61%) resulted in a decrease in energy allocated to soma growth (from 17.1% to 5.64%) and self-maintenance (from 47.82% to 34.67%). These results suggest that reproduction impairs energy acquisition ability in breeding A. japonicus. And broodstock can adapt energy shortage by internal adjustment of energy allocation strategy.
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the Sea Cucumber genome provides insights into morphological evolution and visceral regeneration
PLOS Biology, 2017Co-Authors: Xiaojun Zhang, Jean-françois Hamel, Libin Zhang, Jianbo Yuan, Shihao Li, Yang Yu, Peng Xu, Kenneth B Storey, Pin Huan, Tao ZhangAbstract:Apart from sharing common ancestry with chordates, Sea Cucumbers exhibit a unique morphology and exceptional regenerative capacity. Here we present the complete genome sequence of an economically important Sea Cucumber, A. japonicus, generated using Illumina and PacBio platforms, to achieve an assembly of approximately 805 Mb (contig N50 of 190 Kb and scaffold N50 of 486 Kb), with 30,350 protein-coding genes and high continuity. We used this resource to explore key genetic mechanisms behind the unique biological characters of Sea Cucumbers. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses revealed the presence of marker genes associated with notochord and gill slits, suggesting that these chordate features were present in ancestral echinoderms. The unique shape and weak mineralization of the Sea Cucumber adult body were also preliminarily explained by the contraction of biomineralization genes. Genome, transcriptome, and proteome analyses of organ regrowth after induced evisceration provided insight into the molecular underpinnings of visceral regeneration, including a specific tandem-duplicated prostatic secretory protein of 94 amino acids (PSP94)-like gene family and a significantly expanded fibrinogen-related protein (FREP) gene family. This high-quality genome resource will provide a useful framework for future reSearch into biological processes and evolution in deuterostomes, including remarkable regenerative abilities that could have medical applications. Moreover, the multiomics data will be of prime value for commercial Sea Cucumber breeding programs.
