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Robert C Wicklein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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designing for Appropriate Technology in developing countries
Technology in Society, 1998Co-Authors: Robert C WickleinAbstract:Abstract This paper seeks to identify and describe criteria to predict and influence the success or failure of new technological applications to meet needs or solve problems in developing countries, including educational needs. By identifying and examining the social contexts of a given culture along with its existing level of technological development, selection of Appropriate types of educational Technology could be enhanced, and prevent the waste of human and economic resources. This method of selecting Appropriate Technology is based on the idea that advanced Technology is often inAppropriate for the needs it is attempting to address within developing countries.
Joshua M. Pearce - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The case for open source Appropriate Technology
Environment Development and Sustainability, 2012Co-Authors: Joshua M. PearceAbstract:Much of the widespread poverty, environmental desecration, and waste of human life seen around the globe could be prevented by known (to humanity as a whole) technologies, many of which are simply not available to those that need it. This lack of access to critical information for sustainable development is directly responsible for a morally and ethically unacceptable level of human suffering and death. A solution to this general problem is the concept of open source Appropriate Technology or OSAT, which refers to technologies that provide for sustainable development while being designed in the same fashion as free and open source software. OSAT is made up of technologies that are easily and economically utilized from readily available resources by local communities to meet their needs and must meet the boundary conditions set by environmental, cultural, economic, and educational resource constraints of the local community. This paper explores both the open source and Appropriate Technology aspects of OSAT to create a paradigm, in which anyone can both learn how to make and use needed technologies free of intellectual property concerns. At the same time, anyone can also add to the collective open source knowledge ecosystem or knowledge commons by contributing ideas, designs, observations, experimental data, deployment logs, etc. It is argued that if OSAT continues to grow and takes hold globally creating a vibrant virtual community to share Technology plans and experiences, a new technological revolution built on a dispersed network of innovators working together to create a just sustainable world is possible.
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Barriers to Appropriate Technology Growth in Sustainable Development
Journal of Sustainable Development, 2011Co-Authors: Ivana Zelenika, Joshua M. PearceAbstract:Given the urgency of development problems world-wide, as well as the opportunities of open source Appropriate Technology (OSAT) to help expedite sustainable development goals, a better understanding of the barriers limiting the scaling of OSAT is needed. In this study, key organizations and researchers working in the field of Appropriate Technology (AT) were interviewed to identify barriers to OSAT. The data was analyzed via pattern coding and content analysis. Results reveal that among the most pressing problems for those working in the field of AT were the need for better communication and collaboration between the agencies and communities to share the knowledge and resources, and to work in partnership. Specific barriers include: i) AT seen as inferior or “poor person's” Technology, ii) technical transferability and robustness of AT, iii) insufficient funding, iv) weak institutional support, and v) the challenges of distance and time in tackling rural poverty. Finally, future work is outlined to better understand and overcome these barriers.
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overcoming technical constraints for obtaining sustainable development with open source Appropriate Technology
IEEE Toronto International Conference Science and Technology for Humanity, 2009Co-Authors: Joshua M. Pearce, Usman MushtaqAbstract:Open source Appropriate Technology (OSAT) refers to technologies that provide for sustainable development while being designed in the same fashion as free and open-source software. Facilitated by advances in information Technology software and hardware, new ways to disseminate information such as wikis and Internetenabled mobile phones, the global development of OSAT has emerged as a reality. This paper shows the sharing of design processes, Appropriate tools, and technical information is enables more effective and rapid development of Appropriate technologies for both industrialized and nonindustrialized regions. This sharing will require the Appropriate Technology community to adopt open standards/licenses, document knowledge, and build on previous work. This paper offers solutions in the form of both business models and tools to overcome technical constraints of OSAT development in the forms of the platforms necessary on which to share and build knowledge about Appropriate technologies. These solutions are open, easily accessible for those in need, have a low barrier to entry for both users and information creators, and must be vetted in order to utilized as a trustworthy source on critical information needs. Current progress towards implementing these solutions will be reviewed and recommendations will be made to further increase the rate of OSAT development.
Yang Yun-hua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Utilization of Rural Health Appropriate Technology Services and Patients′ Satisfaction in Tianjin
Chinese General Practice, 2011Co-Authors: Yang Yun-huaAbstract:Objective To know the utilization condition of health Appropriate Technology services for rural residents and their satisfaction in Tianjin.Methods Totally 12 311 patients who received rural health Appropriate Technology services were randomly sampled.The utilization condition of the Appropriate Technology services by the residents and their satisfaction about the result,cost,security and convenience of the services were investigated.Results The total patients′ satisfaction on the health Appropriate Technology services was above 85%.The satisfaction on cost and security of laparoscopic cholecystectomy were lower relatively,while the satisfaction on traditional Chinese medicine was higher relatively.Conclusion The rural health Appropriate Technology services of Tianjin are inexpensive,effective,safe and accessible,which meets the demand of rural patients,and the rural residents in Tianjin are generally stisfied with the health Appropriate Technology services.
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Evaluation on Promotion and Application of Appropriate Technology for Rural Health in Tianjin
Chinese General Practice, 2011Co-Authors: Yang Yun-huaAbstract:Objective To investigate the effects of 10 Appropriate technologies for rural health in Tianjin and evaluate its application and promotion.Methods General information of 12 311 patients who received the Appropriate technologies were collected and evaluated.The changes in the amount of patients received the technologies were collected from 503 doctors who applied the technologies.Results Most of the patients were less-educated,and more than 80% of the patients were farmers.With the application,the number of patients visiting medical institutions of different levels for treatment increased at least by 60%.The majority of the technologies made the improvement rate and efficiency of the patients increased.Conclusion The promotion of Appropriate Technology in rural health in Tianjin is economical,effective,and convenient,and thus it meets the demand of patients for basic health service.
Corinthias P. M. Sianipar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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design methodology for Appropriate Technology engineering as if people mattered
Sustainability, 2013Co-Authors: Corinthias P. M. Sianipar, Kiyoshi Dowaki, Gatot Yudoko, Akbar AdhiutamaAbstract:Since the emerging of its idea circa four decades ago, Appropriate Technology (AT) had been proven as a comprehensive solution in a limited condition. However, practitioners & academia have different opinions with engineers on how an AT must be designed. Researchers had noted the crucial factors in the issue as such, and they gave a notion of the urgency for a dedicated design methodology for AT. This study, therefore, aims to provide it. Such methodology is developed by incorporating AT characteristics, fundamental issues in community empowerment, and the principles of existing design methodologies. The methodology emphasizes combination between bottom-up and top-down design approaches. It means that an AT must be started purely from local conditions rather than given technical specifications, and be given back to local people to be seamlessly integrated into their routines. It also underlines the crucial importance of community involvement throughout design stages. By looking at previous design methodologies that were developed based on pure Engineering Problem Solving (EPS), this study delivers a fresh and comprehensive one that covers surrounding issues and concepts to produce an AT based on the real meaning of technological Appropriateness.
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seven pillars of survivability Appropriate Technology with a human face
European Journal of Sustainable Development, 2013Co-Authors: Corinthias P. M. Sianipar, Kiyoshi Dowaki, Gatot Yudoko, Akbar AdhiutamaAbstract:There were evidence for the inAppropriateness of just three pillars of sustainability whenengineers have attempted to construct Appropriate Technology for underdevelopedcommunities. Engineers from developed countries have tended to conduct technologicaladaptations by treating communities as objects, rather than engaging them as subjects ofdevelopment. As objects, communities could not decide what they wanted to be and wereeven forced into systematic development that was more likely to benefit the developedcountries. However, as subjects, communities can determine their own sustainability andachieve survivability. In this study, seven pillars of survivability are outlined: technical,economic, environmental, social, cultural, judicial, and political. The first three aretangible aspects, and the last three are intangible. The social aspect is the intermediary, thebridge to emerging technological Appropriateness. Tangible aspects can be measurednumerically, whereas the intangible ones cannot. The tangible and intermediate aspectsare what engineers must address, and both the intermediate and the intangible ones arewhat they must address specifically to diffuse Appropriate Technology into local dailyroutines. Tiers of technological Appropriateness are also provided to understand theposition of a designed Appropriate Technology in terms of survivability levels. A holisticapproach that takes these pillars into account will empower communities to reach self-survivability beyond sustainability.
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Materials Selection in Appropriate Technology Four Focuses in Design Thinking
Advanced Materials Research, 2013Co-Authors: Corinthias P. M. Sianipar, Husein Taufiq, Heny R. Estiningtyas, Kiyoshi Dowaki, Akbar Adhiutama, Gatot YudokoAbstract:Appropriate Technology is widely recognized as a good solution in providing alternative Technology for underdeveloped people who live in a very limited circumstance. However, it is often seen as an idea without clear explanation from engineering perspective. One of critical process in Appropriate Technology design process is materials selection. This study aims to provide applied logic for selecting materials in the design process. The logic is constructed by surveying previous notions from researchers. Reasoning techniques are explored by using design thinking. This study reveals that there are four focuses which must be applied to find sufficient materials for an Appropriate Technology. This study also concludes that, unlike pure engineering efforts which tend to substitute materials given in a Technology design with locally available ones, Appropriate Technology start from existing resources to produce its design. It requires soft selection by involving local people in exploring any potential materials which already available in their own area. By looking at previous studies which tended to ignore the contribution from local people in exploring potential materials, this study embraces their involvement and then emcourages insights for further research around it.
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community empowerment through Appropriate Technology sustaining the sustainable development
Procedia environmental sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Corinthias P. M. Sianipar, Akbar Adhiutama, Gatot Yudoko, Kiyoshi DowakiAbstract:Rural communities are the major entities in developing and third-world countries. While outsiders want to develop local community, they should develop the local conditions and sustain the result. In order to get sustainability among rural communities, Technology become a booster to reach it. However, the success rate of many community development projects result only compare between "before" and "after" condition of Technology implementation. Furthermore, when its result reaches sustainable condition of community development, many communities cannot further maintain as well as develop their sustainable development because low level of empowerment. This paper attempts to develop conceptual framework how to reach the sustainable development in a community which is strengthened through the implementation of Appropriate Technology in order to reach empowerment. The framework will be constructed through literature survey and then combined with several sample cases to provide a comprehensive discussion. This paper concludes that empowerment is the next shape of sustainable development. Three stages of community development are revealed. Appropriate Technology can be positioned as the bridging point in reaching empowerment of rural communities. By looking at previous efforts which treat sustainable development as the final purpose of community development projects, this paper give new lights how to reach beyond it. Empowering rural communities, sustaining their sustainable development.
Maurice L. Albertson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Appropriate Technology for Sustainable Development
1996Co-Authors: Maurice L. AlbertsonAbstract:The inventiveness of the 20th century is forcing engineers (and others) to look at the multitude of Technology options available, to develop criteria and methods for evaluating each option—and then deciding which option is most Appropriate as a sustainable development solution to a problem. This paper defines, explains and relates Appropriate Technology (AT) and sustainable development (SD) in terms that are common to the engineering profession.
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Education and Research Needs for Appropriate Technology
1996Co-Authors: Maurice L. AlbertsonAbstract:Appropriate Technology and sustainable development are inextricably interrelated and the engineering profession is increasingly realizing that greater care must be given to taking these factors into consideration in engineering planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance. Because these are relatively new concepts with which engineers are generally not acquainted, there is need for educational and research programs to be conducted for the use of engineers.
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Evolution of Appropriate Technology
Hydraulic Engineering, 1991Co-Authors: Maurice L. AlbertsonAbstract:Although Appropriate Technology has been practiced since the beginning of people on earth, the inventiveness of the 20th century is forcing engineers (and others) to look at the multitude of options available, and to develop new criteria and methods for evaluating each option and then deciding which option is most Appropriate as an engineering solution to a problem. Unfortunately, however, most engineers have only a vague notion of what Appropriate Technology really is. This paper explains the background and evolution of Appropriate Technology, defines Appropriate Technology in terms that are common to the engineering profession and then elaborates on this definition to help clarify the detailed meaning of the terms.
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Education, Research and Training for Appropriate Technology
Hydraulic Engineering, 1991Co-Authors: Berhane M. Abraha, Maurice L. AlbertsonAbstract:Much has been written about Appropriate Technology (AT) and how to accomplish it. This paper adds to that literature with specific ideas for education, training and research programs and activities on Appropriate Technology. The intention is to estimulate education and reseach personnel and organizations to initiate and conduct programs which will help engineers to plan and design structures programs and systems which are compatible with the basic principles of AT and are environmentally and economically sound.
