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R P Subasinghe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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meeting the future demand for Aquatic food through aquaculture the role of Aquatic Animal health
2008Co-Authors: Melba G Bondadreantaso, R P SubasingheAbstract:The increasing importance of aquaculture, at present, is undoubtedly recognized. Thesector is expected to effectively contribute to food security, nutritional well-being,poverty reduction and economic development. However, biosecurity lapses andtransboundary Aquatic Animal diseases pose significant constraints to aquaculturesustainability. This paper discusses how aquaculture development brings new chal-lenges to Aquatic Animal health. These challenges include compliance to internationaltreaties, practical implementation of regional guidelines and national strategies, in-creasing biosecurity and biosecurity awareness at all levels, empowering farmers tomanage disease and other risks through better management practices, and conduct-ing targeted research that will support biosecurity assessments. A short brief on emerg-ing and re-emerging issues such as chemical usage, climate change and disease ecol-ogy, fish welfare and fish health, fish-vet cooperation and certification scheme forAquatic Animal health service providers is included.
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a risk analysis framework for Aquatic Animal health management in marine stock enhancement programmes
Fisheries Research, 2006Co-Authors: Devin M Bartley, Melba G Bondadreantaso, R P SubasingheAbstract:Abstract In light of limited supplies of fish from natural populations, stock enhancement is being considered as one means of helping to meet the demand for seafood products from an ever-increasing human population. The technology to produce large numbers of early-life stage Aquatic organisms in hatcheries is well-developed, and the use of alien species, although controversial, has also created new fisheries in some countries. Stock enhancement often requires technical interventions in the rearing process of Aquatic organisms that may substantially change how an organism interacts with pathogens. Aquatic Animal health risk analysis in stock enhancement programmes involves consideration of: the source of Animals to be released, the populations to be managed, hazard identification, risk assessment, risk management, quarantine, diagnostic and treatment procedures, mitigation measures, monitoring, reporting the disease status of hatchery and wild populations, and the establishment of Aquatic Animal health standards. Information and guidelines to assist in Aquatic Animal health management include the FAO Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, the ICES code of practice on introductions, the OIE Aquatic Animal health standards, the Asian regional guidelines on health management for the responsible movement of Aquatic Animals and the WTO's Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement.
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disease and health management in asian aquaculture
Veterinary Parasitology, 2005Co-Authors: Melba G Bondadreantaso, R P Subasinghe, Richard J Arthur, Kazuo Ogawa, Supranee Chinabut, R D Adlard, Zilong Tan, Mohamed ShariffAbstract:Asia contributes more than 90% to the world's aquaculture production. Like other farming systems, aquaculture is plagued with disease problems resulting from its intensification and commercialization. This paper describes the various factors, providing specific examples, which have contributed to the current disease problems faced by what is now the fastest growing food-producing sector globally. These include increased globalization of trade and markets; the intensification of fish-farming practices through the movement of broodstock, postlarvae, fry and fingerlings; the introduction of new species for aquaculture development; the expansion of the ornamental fish trade; the enhancement of marine and coastal areas through the stocking of Aquatic Animals raised in hatcheries; the unanticipated interactions between cultured and wild populations of Aquatic Animals; poor or lack of effective biosecurity measures; slow awareness on emerging diseases; the misunderstanding and misuse of specific pathogen free (SPF) stocks; climate change; other human-mediated movements of aquaculture commodities. Data on the socio-economic impacts of Aquatic Animal diseases are also presented, including estimates of losses in production, direct and indirect income and employment, market access or share of investment, and consumer confidence; food availability; industry failures. Examples of costs of investment in Aquatic Animal health-related activities, including national strategies, research, surveillance, control and other health management programmes are also provided. Finally, the strategies currently being implemented in the Asian region to deal with transboundary diseases affecting the aquaculture sector are highlighted. These include compliance with international codes, and development and implementation of regional guidelines and national Aquatic Animal health strategies; new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and new information technology; new biosecurity measures including risk analysis, epidemiology, surveillance, reporting and planning for emergency response to epizootics; targeted research; institutional strengthening and manpower development (education, training and extension research and diagnostic services).
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epidemiological approach to Aquatic Animal health management opportunities and challenges for developing countries to increase Aquatic production through aquaculture
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2005Co-Authors: R P SubasingheAbstract:Aquaculture appears to have strongest potential to meet the increasing demands for Aquatic products in most regions of the world. The world population is on the increase, as is the demand for Aquatic food products. Production from capture fisheries at a global level is levelling off. Potential contributions from aquaculture to local food security, livelihoods and nutrition can be highly significant, especially in many remote and resource-poor rural areas. One of the major constraints to aquaculture production is the losses due to diseases. Over the decades, the sector has faced significant problems with disease outbreaks and epidemics which caused significant economic losses. The use of sound epidemiological principles and logical and science-based approach to identify and manage risks comprise two of the most important components of an effective biosecurity program. The maintenance of effective biosecurity in aquaculture is becoming more and more essential. There will be more demand for Aquatic Animal epidemiologists as well as epidemiological tools/resources in the region. The use of epidemiology will significantly improve health management, risk analysis and disease control. Although there are clear limitations and complications in the use of epidemiology for controlling Aquatic Animal pathogens, some positive results have recently emerged from a series of studies and trials to control diseases affecting the small-scale shrimp farming sector in southern India. This paper summarises the results of one such study which emphasizes the significant benefit of close collaboration with farmers, both individually and as groups, and capacity and awareness building among them and the importance of understanding the risk factors and implementing better management practices.
Melba G Bondadreantaso - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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meeting the future demand for Aquatic food through aquaculture the role of Aquatic Animal health
2008Co-Authors: Melba G Bondadreantaso, R P SubasingheAbstract:The increasing importance of aquaculture, at present, is undoubtedly recognized. Thesector is expected to effectively contribute to food security, nutritional well-being,poverty reduction and economic development. However, biosecurity lapses andtransboundary Aquatic Animal diseases pose significant constraints to aquaculturesustainability. This paper discusses how aquaculture development brings new chal-lenges to Aquatic Animal health. These challenges include compliance to internationaltreaties, practical implementation of regional guidelines and national strategies, in-creasing biosecurity and biosecurity awareness at all levels, empowering farmers tomanage disease and other risks through better management practices, and conduct-ing targeted research that will support biosecurity assessments. A short brief on emerg-ing and re-emerging issues such as chemical usage, climate change and disease ecol-ogy, fish welfare and fish health, fish-vet cooperation and certification scheme forAquatic Animal health service providers is included.
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a risk analysis framework for Aquatic Animal health management in marine stock enhancement programmes
Fisheries Research, 2006Co-Authors: Devin M Bartley, Melba G Bondadreantaso, R P SubasingheAbstract:Abstract In light of limited supplies of fish from natural populations, stock enhancement is being considered as one means of helping to meet the demand for seafood products from an ever-increasing human population. The technology to produce large numbers of early-life stage Aquatic organisms in hatcheries is well-developed, and the use of alien species, although controversial, has also created new fisheries in some countries. Stock enhancement often requires technical interventions in the rearing process of Aquatic organisms that may substantially change how an organism interacts with pathogens. Aquatic Animal health risk analysis in stock enhancement programmes involves consideration of: the source of Animals to be released, the populations to be managed, hazard identification, risk assessment, risk management, quarantine, diagnostic and treatment procedures, mitigation measures, monitoring, reporting the disease status of hatchery and wild populations, and the establishment of Aquatic Animal health standards. Information and guidelines to assist in Aquatic Animal health management include the FAO Conduct for Responsible Fisheries, the ICES code of practice on introductions, the OIE Aquatic Animal health standards, the Asian regional guidelines on health management for the responsible movement of Aquatic Animals and the WTO's Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement.
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disease and health management in asian aquaculture
Veterinary Parasitology, 2005Co-Authors: Melba G Bondadreantaso, R P Subasinghe, Richard J Arthur, Kazuo Ogawa, Supranee Chinabut, R D Adlard, Zilong Tan, Mohamed ShariffAbstract:Asia contributes more than 90% to the world's aquaculture production. Like other farming systems, aquaculture is plagued with disease problems resulting from its intensification and commercialization. This paper describes the various factors, providing specific examples, which have contributed to the current disease problems faced by what is now the fastest growing food-producing sector globally. These include increased globalization of trade and markets; the intensification of fish-farming practices through the movement of broodstock, postlarvae, fry and fingerlings; the introduction of new species for aquaculture development; the expansion of the ornamental fish trade; the enhancement of marine and coastal areas through the stocking of Aquatic Animals raised in hatcheries; the unanticipated interactions between cultured and wild populations of Aquatic Animals; poor or lack of effective biosecurity measures; slow awareness on emerging diseases; the misunderstanding and misuse of specific pathogen free (SPF) stocks; climate change; other human-mediated movements of aquaculture commodities. Data on the socio-economic impacts of Aquatic Animal diseases are also presented, including estimates of losses in production, direct and indirect income and employment, market access or share of investment, and consumer confidence; food availability; industry failures. Examples of costs of investment in Aquatic Animal health-related activities, including national strategies, research, surveillance, control and other health management programmes are also provided. Finally, the strategies currently being implemented in the Asian region to deal with transboundary diseases affecting the aquaculture sector are highlighted. These include compliance with international codes, and development and implementation of regional guidelines and national Aquatic Animal health strategies; new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and new information technology; new biosecurity measures including risk analysis, epidemiology, surveillance, reporting and planning for emergency response to epizootics; targeted research; institutional strengthening and manpower development (education, training and extension research and diagnostic services).
E J Peeler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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risk based methods for fish and terrestrial Animal disease surveillance
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Birgit Oidtmann, E J Peeler, Trude Marie Lyngstad, Edgar Brun, Britt Bang Jensen, Katharina D C StarkAbstract:Over recent years there have been considerable methodological developments in the field of Animal disease surveillance. The principles of risk analysis were conceptually applied to surveillance in order to further develop approaches and tools (scenario tree modelling) to design risk-based surveillance (RBS) programmes. In the terrestrial Animal context, examples of risk-based surveillance have demonstrated the substantial potential for cost saving, and a similar benefit is expected also for Aquatic Animals. RBS approaches are currently largely absent for Aquatic Animal diseases. A major constraint in developing RBS designs in the Aquatic context is the lack of published data to assist in the design of RBS: this applies to data on (i) the relative risk of farm sites becoming infected due to the presence or absence of a given risk factor; (ii) the sensitivity of diagnostic tests (specificity is often addressed by follow-up investigation and re-testing and therefore less of a concern); (iii) data on the variability of prevalence of infection for fish within a holding unit, between holding units and at farm level. Another constraint is that some of the most basic data for planning surveillance are missing, e.g. data on farm location and Animal movements. In Europe, registration or authorisation of fish farms has only recently become a requirement under EU Directive 2006/88. Additionally, the definition of the epidemiological unit (at site or area level) in the context of aquaculture is a challenge due to the often high level of connectedness (mainly via water) of aquaculture facilities with the Aquatic environment. This paper provides a review of the principles, methods and examples of RBS in terrestrial, farmed and wild Animals. It discusses the special challenges associated with surveillance for Aquatic Animal diseases (e.g. accessibility of Animals for inspection and sampling, complexity of rearing systems) and provides an overview of current developments relevant for the design of RBS for fish diseases. Suggestions are provided on how the current constraints to applying RBS to fish diseases can be overcome.
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the application of risk analysis in Aquatic Animal health management
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: E J Peeler, Edgar Brun, Alexander G Murray, A Thebault, A Giovaninni, M A ThrushAbstract:Risk analysis has only been regularly used in the management of Aquatic Animal health in recent years. The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS) stimulated the application of risk analysis to investigate disease risks associated with international trade (import risk analysis-IRA). A majority (9 of 17) of the risk analyses reviewed were IRA. The other major focus has been the parasite of Atlantic salmon--Gyrodactylus salaris. Six studies investigated the spread of this parasite, between countries, rivers and from farmed to wild stocks, and clearly demonstrated that risk analysis can support Aquatic Animal health policy development, from international trade and biosecurity to disease interaction between wild and farmed stocks. Other applications of risk analysis included the spread of vertically transmitted pathogens and disease emergence in aquaculture. The Covello-Merkhofer, risk analysis model was most commonly used and appears to be a flexible tool not only for IRA but also the investigation of disease spread in other contexts. The limitations of the identified risk assessments were discussed. A majority were qualitative, partly due to the lack of data for quantitative analysis, and this, it can be argued, constrained their usefulness for trade purposes (i.e. setting appropriate sanitary measures); in other instances, a qualitative result was found to be adequate for decision making. A lack of information about the disease hazards of the large number of fish species traded is likely to constrain quantitative analysis for a number of years. The consequence assessment element of a risk analysis was most likely to be omitted, or limited in scope and depth, rarely extending beyond examining the evidence of susceptibility of farmed and wild species to the identified hazard. The reasons for this are discussed and recommendations made to develop guidelines for a consistent, systematic and multi-disciplinary approach to consequence assessment. Risk analysis has improved decision making in Aquatic Animal health management by providing a transparent method for using the available scientific information. The lack of data is the main constraint to the application of risk analysis in Aquatic Animal health. The identification of critical parameters is an important output from risk analysis models which should be used to prioritise research.
M A Thrush - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the application of risk analysis in Aquatic Animal health management
Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2007Co-Authors: E J Peeler, Edgar Brun, Alexander G Murray, A Thebault, A Giovaninni, M A ThrushAbstract:Risk analysis has only been regularly used in the management of Aquatic Animal health in recent years. The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS) stimulated the application of risk analysis to investigate disease risks associated with international trade (import risk analysis-IRA). A majority (9 of 17) of the risk analyses reviewed were IRA. The other major focus has been the parasite of Atlantic salmon--Gyrodactylus salaris. Six studies investigated the spread of this parasite, between countries, rivers and from farmed to wild stocks, and clearly demonstrated that risk analysis can support Aquatic Animal health policy development, from international trade and biosecurity to disease interaction between wild and farmed stocks. Other applications of risk analysis included the spread of vertically transmitted pathogens and disease emergence in aquaculture. The Covello-Merkhofer, risk analysis model was most commonly used and appears to be a flexible tool not only for IRA but also the investigation of disease spread in other contexts. The limitations of the identified risk assessments were discussed. A majority were qualitative, partly due to the lack of data for quantitative analysis, and this, it can be argued, constrained their usefulness for trade purposes (i.e. setting appropriate sanitary measures); in other instances, a qualitative result was found to be adequate for decision making. A lack of information about the disease hazards of the large number of fish species traded is likely to constrain quantitative analysis for a number of years. The consequence assessment element of a risk analysis was most likely to be omitted, or limited in scope and depth, rarely extending beyond examining the evidence of susceptibility of farmed and wild species to the identified hazard. The reasons for this are discussed and recommendations made to develop guidelines for a consistent, systematic and multi-disciplinary approach to consequence assessment. Risk analysis has improved decision making in Aquatic Animal health management by providing a transparent method for using the available scientific information. The lack of data is the main constraint to the application of risk analysis in Aquatic Animal health. The identification of critical parameters is an important output from risk analysis models which should be used to prioritise research.
Qi-ya Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aquatic Animal viruses mediated immune evasion in their host
Fish & shellfish immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Qi-ya ZhangAbstract:Viruses are important and lethal pathogens that hamper Aquatic Animals. The result of the battle between host and virus would determine the occurrence of diseases. The host will fight against virus infection with various responses such as innate immunity, adaptive immunity, apoptosis, and so on. On the other hand, the virus also develops numerous strategies such as immune evasion to antagonize host antiviral responses. Here, We review the research advances on virus mediated immune evasions to host responses containing interferon response, NF-κB signaling, apoptosis, and adaptive response, which are executed by viral genes, proteins, and miRNAs from different Aquatic Animal viruses including Alloherpesviridae, Iridoviridae, Nimaviridae, Birnaviridae, Reoviridae, and Rhabdoviridae. Thus, it will facilitate the understanding of Aquatic Animal virus mediated immune evasion and potentially benefit the development of novel antiviral applications.
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development of an ussuri catfish pseudobagrus ussuriensis skin cell line displaying differential cytopathic effects to three Aquatic Animal viruses
Virus Research, 2014Co-Authors: Xiaoying Lei, Fengjian Zhou, Qi-ya ZhangAbstract:An Ussuri catfish Pseudobagrus ussuriensis skin (UCS) cell line was developed and subcultured for more than 60 passages. UCS cells consisted of mostly epithelial-like cells and multiplied well in TC199 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 25 degrees C. Chromosome analysis revealed that most UCS cells had a normal diploid karyotype with 2n = 52. UCS cells showed differential cytopathic effects (CPEs) after inoculation of spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV, a negative-strand RNA virus), grass carp reovirus (GCRV, a multi-segmented double-stranded RNA virus) and Rana grylio virus (RGV, a large double-stranded DNA virus), and were indicative of high sensitivities to these three Aquatic Animal viruses by a virus titration study. The CPE caused by SVCV appeared as rounded and granular cells, grape-like clusters and small lytic plaques. Characteristic CPE containing plaque-like syncytia was induced by GCRV. RGV-infected cells produced typical CPE characterized by cells shrinkage and aggregation, formation of clear plaques and cell sheet detachment. Furthermore, significant fluorescent signals were observed after UCS cells were transfected with green fluorescent protein reporter plasmids, and the development of CPE induced by a recombinant RGV, Delta TK-RGV, in UCS cells was illustrated using a combination of light and fluorescence microscopy. The data from this study suggested that UCS cell line can potentially serve as a useful tool for the comparison study of different Aquatic Animal viruses and the isolation of some newly emerging viruses in Ussuri catfish farming. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.