The Experts below are selected from a list of 324 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Peter Dillon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Arsenic mobility and impact on recovered water quality during Aquifer Storage and recovery using reclaimed water in a carbonate Aquifer
Applied Geochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Joanne Vanderzalm, Peter Dillon, Karen Barry, Konrad Miotlinski, Jason K. KirbyAbstract:Abstract Arsenic release from Aquifers can be a major issue for Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) schemes and understanding the processes that release and attenuate As during ASR is the first step towards managing this issue. This study utilised the first and fourth cycles of a full scale field trial to examine the fate of As within the injectant plume during all stages of the ASR cycle, and the resultant water quality. The average recovered As concentration was greater than the source concentration; by 0.19 μmol/L (14 μg As/L) in cycle 1 and by 0.34 μmol/L (25 μg As/L) in cycle 4, indicating that As was being released from the Aquifer sediments during ASR and the extent of As mobilisation did not decline with subsequent cycles. In the injection phase, As mobilisation due to oxidation of reduced minerals was limited to an oxic zone in close proximity to the ASR well, while desorption from Fe oxyhydroxide or oxide surfaces by injected P occurred further in the near well zone (0–4 m from the ASR well). With further Aquifer passage during injection and greater availability of sorption sites there was evidence of attenuation via adsorption to Fe oxyhydroxides which reduced concentrations on the outer fringes of the injectant plume. During the period of Aquifer Storage, microbial activity resulting from the injection of organic matter resulted in increased As mobility due to reductive Fe oxyhydroxide dissolution and the subsequent loss of sorption sites and partial reduction of As(V) to the more mobile As(III). A reduced zone directly around the ASR well produced the greatest As concentration and illustrated the importance of Fe oxyhydroxides for controlling As concentrations. Given the small spatial extent of this zone, this process had little effect on the overall recovered water quality.
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Integrated assessment of lateral flow, density effects and dispersion in Aquifer Storage and recovery
Journal of Hydrology, 2009Co-Authors: James Ward, Peter Dillon, Craig T. Simmons, Paul PavelicAbstract:Summary Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) involves the injection of freshwater into an Aquifer for later recovery and use. This paper investigates three major factors leading to reduction in performance of ASR systems in brackish or saline Aquifers: lateral flow, density-driven flow and dispersive mixing. Previous analyses of Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) have considered at most two of the above processes, but never all three together, and none have considered lateral flow and density effects together. In this analysis, four dimensionless parameters are defined to give an approximate characterisation of lateral flow, dispersive mixing, mixed convection (density effects during pumping) and free convection (density effects during Storage). An extensive set of numerical models spanning a wide parameter range is then used to develop a predictive framework using the dimensionless numbers. If the sum of the four dimensionless numbers (denoted R ASR ) exceeds 10, the ASR operation is likely to fail with no recoverable freshwater, while if R ASR
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STOCKAGE SOUTERRAIN ET REUTILISATION D'EAUX PLUVIALES : EXPERIENCE PILOTE ET PERSPECTIVES Aquifer Storage and rainwater reuse : pilot project and future prospects
2007Co-Authors: Stephanie Rinck-pfeiffer, Peter Dillon, Boris David, Geneviève Leboucher, Glen OsmondAbstract:The existing Parafield stormwater Aquifer Storage a(ASR) scheme on the Northern Adelaide P lains, South Australia, has been successful in harvesting 1.1 Mm 3/yr urban stormwater. After filtration through a rbed, stormwater is stored in a confined Aquifer then rec overed by the same well, in order to balance demand and supply. The water is used to supply a wool scouring plant w ith water of lower salinity than the mains water su pply. Success with this and other projects using stormwater and rwater led to the formulation of an ambitio us project adjacent the Parafield ASR scheme aimed at producin g drinking water supplies from the same source of t reated stormwater through an Aquifer Storage Transfer and Recovery (ASTR) scheme. The concept to be tested wi ll use separate injection and recovery wells to extend the residence time of the injected stormwater in the a quifer and to allow for additional natural treatment through the aquife r. This will produce more predictable levels of ch emical and microbial contaminant attenuation, essential for th e provision of water of potable quality, than can b e produced by ASR. A Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) approach has been adopted to provide multip le barriers for protection of water quality in the urban catchm ent. This approach will also enable to verify the effectiveness of treatment and assist in transferring this methodolo gy to other catchments.
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Role of Aquifer Storage in water reuse
Desalination, 2006Co-Authors: Peter Dillon, Simon Toze, Paul Pavelic, Stephanie Rinck-pfeiffer, Russell Martin, Anthony Knapton, Don PidsleyAbstract:Two case studies are described that explain the role, value, limitations and policy requirements for storing reclaimed water in Aquifers for indirect reuse. The first case involves Aquifer Storage and recovery of water, the product of tertiary treated municipal sewage effluent, via a single injection and recovery well at Bolivar, South Australia. The recovered water, like the source water for injection, is used for unrestricted irrigation of horticulture. A limestone Aquifer at a depth of 100 to 160 m confined by clay and containing brackish groundwater provides the Storage zone. In the second case, located at Alice Springs, trials are proceeding to assist in the design and establishment of a soil–Aquifer treatment system which will allow water derived from secondary treatment of municipal sewage effluent to be stored in an unconfined alluvial Aquifer for irrigation of horticulture. Intermittent infiltration from basins provides supplementary water treatment. In each case, the motivations, choice of methods, required investigations, public consultation processes, and economics of subsurface Storage are presented. The lessons learned that may assist with development of policies to facilitate environmentally sustainable subsurface Storage of water in water reuse projects are discussed.
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Geochemical Processes During Five Years of Aquifer Storage Recovery
Ground water, 2004Co-Authors: Andrew L. Herczeg, Peter Dillon, Paul Pavelic, Karen J. Rattray, Karen BarryAbstract:A key factor in the long-term viability of Aquifer Storage recovery (ASR) is the extent of mineral solution interaction between two dissimilar water types and consequent impact on water quality and Aquifer stability. We collected geochemical and isotopic data from three observation wells located 25, 65, and 325 m from an injection well at an experimental ASR site located in a karstic, confined carbonate Aquifer in South Australia. The experiment involved five major injection cycles of a total of 2.5 x 10(5) m3 of storm water (total dissolved solids [TDS] approximately 150 mg/L) into the brackish (TDS approximately 2400 mg/L) Aquifer. Approximately 60% of the mixture was pumped out during the fifth year of the experiment. The major effect on water quality within a 25 m radius of the injection well following injection of storm water was carbonate dissolution (35 +/- 6 g of CaCO3 dissolved/m3 of Aquifer) and sulfide mineral oxidation (50 +/- 10 g as FeS2/m3 after one injection). < 0.005% of the total Aquifer carbonate matrix was dissolved during each injection event, and approximately 0.2% of the total reduced sulfur. Increasing amounts of ambient ground water was entrained into the injected mixture during each of the Storage periods. High 14C(DIC) activities and slightly more negative delta13C(DIC) values measured immediately after injection events show that substantial CO2(aq) is produced by oxidation of organic matter associated with injectant. There were no detectable geochemical reactions while pumping during the recovery phase in the fifth year of the experiment.
Thomas M Missimer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aquifer Storage and Recovery Using Saline Aquifers: Hydrogeological Controls and Opportunities.
Ground water, 2019Co-Authors: Robert G Maliva, William Scott Manahan, Thomas M MissimerAbstract:Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) is a valuable tool for managing variations in the supply and demand of freshwater, but system performance is highly dependent upon system-specific hydrogeological conditions including the salinity of the Storage-zone native groundwater. ASR systems using Storage zones containing saline (>10,000 mg/L of total dissolved solids) groundwater tend to have relatively low recovery efficiencies (REs). However, the drawbacks of low REs may be offset by lesser treatment requirements and may be of secondary importance where the stored water (e.g., excess reclaimed, surface, and storm waters) would otherwise go to waste and pose disposal costs. Density-dependent, solute-transport modeling results demonstrate that the RE of ASR systems using a saline Storage zone is most strongly controlled by parameters controlling free convection (e.g., horizontal hydraulic conductivity) and mixing of recharged and native groundwater (e.g., dispersivity and Aquifer heterogeneity). Preferred Storage zone conditions are moderate hydraulic conductivities (5 to 20 m/d), low degrees of Aquifer heterogeneity, and primary porosity-dominated siliclastic and limestones lithologies with effective porosities greater than 5%. Where hydrogeological conditions are less favorable, operational options are available to improve RE, such as preferential recovery from the top of the Storage zone. Injection of large volumes of excess water currently not needed into saline Aquifers could create valuable water resources that could be tapped in the future during times of greater need.
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Water management during climate change using Aquifer Storage and recovery of stormwater in a dunefield in western Saudi Arabia
Environmental Research Letters, 2014Co-Authors: Oliver Lopez, Georgiy L. Stenchikov, Thomas M MissimerAbstract:An average of less than 50 mm yr �1 of rainfall occurs in the hyperarid region of central Western Saudi Arabia. Climate change is projected to create greater variation in rainfall accumulation with more intense rainfall and flood events and longer duration droughts. To manage climate change and variability in ephemeral stream basins, dams are being constructed across wadi channels to capture stormwater, but a large percentage of this stored water is lost to evaporation. A dam/reservoir system located in Wadi Al Murwani in Western Saudi Arabia was recently constructed and is expected to contain a maximum stored water volume of 150 million m 3 .A hydrologic assessment of a dunefield lying 45 km downstream was conducted to evaluate its potential use for Aquifer Storage and recovery of the reservoir water. A 110 m elevation difference between the base of the dam and the upper level of the dunefield occurs, allowing conveyance of the water from the reservoir to the dunefield Storage site by gravity feed without pumping, making the recharge system extremely energy efficient. Aquifer Storage and recovery coupled with dams would allow water management during extreme droughts and climate change and has widespread potential application in arid regions.
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Aquifer Storage and recovery of treated sewage effluent in the middle east
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2011Co-Authors: Robert G Maliva, Frank P. Winslow, Thomas M Missimer, Rolf HerrmannAbstract:Treated sewage effluent (TSE) is becoming a critical resource in arid parts of the world. The high costs of desalinated potable water and the depletion of fresh groundwater resources necessitate increased use of TSE as an important component of water resource management throughout the Middle East. TSE can replace potable-quality water in irrigation, with the latter becoming too valuable a resource to use for irrigation purposes. In urban regions of the Middle East and North Africa, excess TSE is often available because of seasonal variations in demand and supply or that the development of reuse infrastructure has not kept pace with population growth, concomitant water use and TSE generation. Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) technology provides an opportunity to store large volumes of TSE for later beneficial use. Natural attenuation processes that occur during underground Storage in an ASR system can also act to improve the quality of stored water and thus provide an opportunity to polish already high-quality TSE. Aquifers containing brackish water or those depleted from over-pumping are present throughout much of the Middle East. These Aquifers could potentially be used as Storage zones for ASR systems. However, currently available hydrogeologic data are insufficient for assessment of potential system performance. Other key design issues are the selection of ASR system locations and Storage zones so that TSE will not enter potable water supplies, and ensuring that the ASR systems will be readily integrated into existing or planned sewage treatment, TSE transmission and reuse infrastructure.
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Aquifer Storage and Recovery: Developing Sustainable Water Supplies
IDA Journal of Desalination and Water Reuse, 2010Co-Authors: Robert G Maliva, Thomas M MissimerAbstract:AbstractIn the face of increasing populations and global climate change, communities in many parts of the world face difficulties in obtaining a sustainable, long-term supply of freshwater. Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) is increasingly being viewed as a way to provide large Storage capacity to capture seasonally or intermittently available excess water for later beneficial use. Potential stored waters include desalted and reclaimed water (treated sewage effluent) surplus produced during low-demand periods. ASR is a proven technology, but its implementation has problems. ASR systems vary in their hydrologic value (i.e., the degree to which they achieve useful Storage) and, in some instances, have not met expectations or have failed entirely. It is now clear that ASR hydrogeology systems are more complex than originally envisioned. Excessive regulatory requirements unnecessarily increase project costs and adversely impact economic viability. However, the advantages of ASR as a water resource management...
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Aquifer Storage and recovery : Recent hydrogeological advances and system performance
Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation, 2006Co-Authors: Robert G Maliva, Weixing Guo, Thomas M MissimerAbstract:Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) is part of the solution to the global problem of managing water resources to meet existing and future freshwater demands. However, the metaphoric "ASR bubble" has been burst with the realization that ASR systems are more physically and chemically complex than the general conceptualization. Aquifer heterogeneity and fluid-rock interactions can greatly affect ASR system performance. The results of modeling studies and field experiences indicate that more sophisticated data collection and solute-transport modeling are required to predict how stored water will migrate in heterogeneous Aquifers and how fluid-rock interactions will affect the quality of stored water. It has been well-demonstrated, by historic experience, that ASR systems can provide very large volumes of Storage at a lesser cost than other options. The challenges moving forward are to improve the success rate of ASR systems, optimize system performance, and set expectations appropriately.
Paul Pavelic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Integrated assessment of lateral flow, density effects and dispersion in Aquifer Storage and recovery
Journal of Hydrology, 2009Co-Authors: James Ward, Peter Dillon, Craig T. Simmons, Paul PavelicAbstract:Summary Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) involves the injection of freshwater into an Aquifer for later recovery and use. This paper investigates three major factors leading to reduction in performance of ASR systems in brackish or saline Aquifers: lateral flow, density-driven flow and dispersive mixing. Previous analyses of Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) have considered at most two of the above processes, but never all three together, and none have considered lateral flow and density effects together. In this analysis, four dimensionless parameters are defined to give an approximate characterisation of lateral flow, dispersive mixing, mixed convection (density effects during pumping) and free convection (density effects during Storage). An extensive set of numerical models spanning a wide parameter range is then used to develop a predictive framework using the dimensionless numbers. If the sum of the four dimensionless numbers (denoted R ASR ) exceeds 10, the ASR operation is likely to fail with no recoverable freshwater, while if R ASR
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Role of Aquifer Storage in water reuse
Desalination, 2006Co-Authors: Peter Dillon, Simon Toze, Paul Pavelic, Stephanie Rinck-pfeiffer, Russell Martin, Anthony Knapton, Don PidsleyAbstract:Two case studies are described that explain the role, value, limitations and policy requirements for storing reclaimed water in Aquifers for indirect reuse. The first case involves Aquifer Storage and recovery of water, the product of tertiary treated municipal sewage effluent, via a single injection and recovery well at Bolivar, South Australia. The recovered water, like the source water for injection, is used for unrestricted irrigation of horticulture. A limestone Aquifer at a depth of 100 to 160 m confined by clay and containing brackish groundwater provides the Storage zone. In the second case, located at Alice Springs, trials are proceeding to assist in the design and establishment of a soil–Aquifer treatment system which will allow water derived from secondary treatment of municipal sewage effluent to be stored in an unconfined alluvial Aquifer for irrigation of horticulture. Intermittent infiltration from basins provides supplementary water treatment. In each case, the motivations, choice of methods, required investigations, public consultation processes, and economics of subsurface Storage are presented. The lessons learned that may assist with development of policies to facilitate environmentally sustainable subsurface Storage of water in water reuse projects are discussed.
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Geochemical Processes During Five Years of Aquifer Storage Recovery
Ground water, 2004Co-Authors: Andrew L. Herczeg, Peter Dillon, Paul Pavelic, Karen J. Rattray, Karen BarryAbstract:A key factor in the long-term viability of Aquifer Storage recovery (ASR) is the extent of mineral solution interaction between two dissimilar water types and consequent impact on water quality and Aquifer stability. We collected geochemical and isotopic data from three observation wells located 25, 65, and 325 m from an injection well at an experimental ASR site located in a karstic, confined carbonate Aquifer in South Australia. The experiment involved five major injection cycles of a total of 2.5 x 10(5) m3 of storm water (total dissolved solids [TDS] approximately 150 mg/L) into the brackish (TDS approximately 2400 mg/L) Aquifer. Approximately 60% of the mixture was pumped out during the fifth year of the experiment. The major effect on water quality within a 25 m radius of the injection well following injection of storm water was carbonate dissolution (35 +/- 6 g of CaCO3 dissolved/m3 of Aquifer) and sulfide mineral oxidation (50 +/- 10 g as FeS2/m3 after one injection). < 0.005% of the total Aquifer carbonate matrix was dissolved during each injection event, and approximately 0.2% of the total reduced sulfur. Increasing amounts of ambient ground water was entrained into the injected mixture during each of the Storage periods. High 14C(DIC) activities and slightly more negative delta13C(DIC) values measured immediately after injection events show that substantial CO2(aq) is produced by oxidation of organic matter associated with injectant. There were no detectable geochemical reactions while pumping during the recovery phase in the fifth year of the experiment.
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Aspects of Water Quality Improvement during Aquifer Storage and Recovery
Bridging the Gap, 2001Co-Authors: Simon Toze, Peter Dillon, Paul Pavelic, Brenton C. Nicholson, Michel GibertAbstract:Aquifer Storage and recovery is recognized in the USA as having a significant role for inter-season Storage of drinking water, and in Europe and Australia also for its potential for water treatment. However a better knowledge of water quality changes during Aquifer Storage and recovery, along with better understanding of sustainable treatment processes in Aquifers is necessary to enable water utilities to take advantage of this technique. The usefulness of Aquifer Storage and recovery to improve the quality of injected water is being investigated at several sites. Specific interest is on the attenuation rates of microbial pathogens and organic compounds (both natural and synthetic) in saturated groundwater at artificial recharge sites. Microbial pathogens of particular interest are enteric viruses and protozoa, while the organic chemicals being investigated include several disinfection-by-products and endocrine disruptors. The aim is to encapsulate the data obtained from this investigation into models for the prediction of changes in water quality, and which can be used by water utilities and regulators to evaluate pretreatment requirements for Aquifer Storage and recovery. This will also improve accuracy of information for the protection of the health of consumers and the environment.
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Enhancement of the membrane filtration index (MFI) method for determining the clogging potential of turbid urban stormwater and reclaimed water used for Aquifer Storage and recovery
Desalination, 2001Co-Authors: Peter Dillon, Paul Pavelic, Karen Barry, Gudrun Massmann, Ray CorrellAbstract:Abstract Well clogging is a potential impediment to the use of Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) wells. With filtration of suspended solids the most frequently reported form of clogging, methods to predict its impact serve as useful management tools. In this study, the Membrane Filtration Index (MFI), a standard test of the rate at which water clogs a membrane filter, has been extended for use with turbid and organic-rich waters, and to improve precision of MFI for all water qualities. Waters from 12 sites, including mains, urban stormwater and reclaimed water, which are or have the potential to be water sources for Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) in southern Australia, were analyzed for MFI, turbidity, total suspended solids, total organic carbon, particle size and SEM. Time-series data were collected at two of these focus sites over a 12-month period. The upgraded MFI apparatus was found to give repeatable results with coefficients of variation generally less than 10% for MFIs of up to 900 s/L2. This extends the range of utility of the apparatus from previously reported limits of
Sean Swenson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inferring Aquifer Storage parameters using satellite and in situ measurements: Estimation under uncertainty
Geophysical Research Letters, 2010Co-Authors: Alexander Y. Sun, Ronald T. Green, Matthew Rodell, Sean SwensonAbstract:[1] We present a robust optimization method for estimating Aquifer Storage parameters (specific yield or storativity) using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) data, in situ well level observations, and other ancillary information. Uncertainty inherent in the remotely sensed and in situ time series can adversely affect the parameter estimation process and, in the worse case, make the solution completely meaningless. Our estimation problem is formulated to directly minimize the negative impact of data uncertainty by incorporating bounds on data variations. We demonstrate our method for the interconnected Edwards-Trinity Plateau and Pecos Valley Aquifers in central Texas. The study area is divided into multiple zones based on the geology and monitor well coverage. Our estimated Aquifer Storage parameters are consistent with previous results obtained from pumping tests and model calibration, demonstrating the potential of using GRACE data for validating regional groundwater model parameters.
Karen Barry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) on recovered stormwater quality variability.
Water research, 2017Co-Authors: Declan Page, Luk Peeters, Joanne Vanderzalm, Karen Barry, Dennis GonzalezAbstract:Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) is increasingly being considered as a means of reusing urban stormwater to supplement available urban water resources. Storage of stormwater in an Aquifer has been shown to affect water quality but it has also been claimed that Storage will also decrease the stormwater quality variability making for improved predictability and management. This study is the first to document the changes in stormwater quality variability as a result of subsurface Storage at four full scale ASR sites using advanced statistical techniques. New methods to examine water quality are required as data is often highly left censored and so traditional measures of variability such as the coefficient of variation are inappropriate. It was observed that for some water quality parameters (most notably E. coli) there was a marked improvement of water quality and a significant decrease in variability at all sites. This means that Aquifer Storage prior to engineered treatment systems may be advantageous in terms of system design to avoid over engineering. For other parameters such as metal(loids)s and nutrients the trend was less clear due to the numerous processes occurring during Storage leading to an increase in variability, especially for geogenic metals and metalloids such as iron and arsenic. Depending upon the specific water quality parameters and end use, use of ASR may not have a dampening effect on stormwater quality variability.
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Arsenic mobility and impact on recovered water quality during Aquifer Storage and recovery using reclaimed water in a carbonate Aquifer
Applied Geochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Joanne Vanderzalm, Peter Dillon, Karen Barry, Konrad Miotlinski, Jason K. KirbyAbstract:Abstract Arsenic release from Aquifers can be a major issue for Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) schemes and understanding the processes that release and attenuate As during ASR is the first step towards managing this issue. This study utilised the first and fourth cycles of a full scale field trial to examine the fate of As within the injectant plume during all stages of the ASR cycle, and the resultant water quality. The average recovered As concentration was greater than the source concentration; by 0.19 μmol/L (14 μg As/L) in cycle 1 and by 0.34 μmol/L (25 μg As/L) in cycle 4, indicating that As was being released from the Aquifer sediments during ASR and the extent of As mobilisation did not decline with subsequent cycles. In the injection phase, As mobilisation due to oxidation of reduced minerals was limited to an oxic zone in close proximity to the ASR well, while desorption from Fe oxyhydroxide or oxide surfaces by injected P occurred further in the near well zone (0–4 m from the ASR well). With further Aquifer passage during injection and greater availability of sorption sites there was evidence of attenuation via adsorption to Fe oxyhydroxides which reduced concentrations on the outer fringes of the injectant plume. During the period of Aquifer Storage, microbial activity resulting from the injection of organic matter resulted in increased As mobility due to reductive Fe oxyhydroxide dissolution and the subsequent loss of sorption sites and partial reduction of As(V) to the more mobile As(III). A reduced zone directly around the ASR well produced the greatest As concentration and illustrated the importance of Fe oxyhydroxides for controlling As concentrations. Given the small spatial extent of this zone, this process had little effect on the overall recovered water quality.
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Geochemical Processes During Five Years of Aquifer Storage Recovery
Ground water, 2004Co-Authors: Andrew L. Herczeg, Peter Dillon, Paul Pavelic, Karen J. Rattray, Karen BarryAbstract:A key factor in the long-term viability of Aquifer Storage recovery (ASR) is the extent of mineral solution interaction between two dissimilar water types and consequent impact on water quality and Aquifer stability. We collected geochemical and isotopic data from three observation wells located 25, 65, and 325 m from an injection well at an experimental ASR site located in a karstic, confined carbonate Aquifer in South Australia. The experiment involved five major injection cycles of a total of 2.5 x 10(5) m3 of storm water (total dissolved solids [TDS] approximately 150 mg/L) into the brackish (TDS approximately 2400 mg/L) Aquifer. Approximately 60% of the mixture was pumped out during the fifth year of the experiment. The major effect on water quality within a 25 m radius of the injection well following injection of storm water was carbonate dissolution (35 +/- 6 g of CaCO3 dissolved/m3 of Aquifer) and sulfide mineral oxidation (50 +/- 10 g as FeS2/m3 after one injection). < 0.005% of the total Aquifer carbonate matrix was dissolved during each injection event, and approximately 0.2% of the total reduced sulfur. Increasing amounts of ambient ground water was entrained into the injected mixture during each of the Storage periods. High 14C(DIC) activities and slightly more negative delta13C(DIC) values measured immediately after injection events show that substantial CO2(aq) is produced by oxidation of organic matter associated with injectant. There were no detectable geochemical reactions while pumping during the recovery phase in the fifth year of the experiment.
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Enhancement of the membrane filtration index (MFI) method for determining the clogging potential of turbid urban stormwater and reclaimed water used for Aquifer Storage and recovery
Desalination, 2001Co-Authors: Peter Dillon, Paul Pavelic, Karen Barry, Gudrun Massmann, Ray CorrellAbstract:Abstract Well clogging is a potential impediment to the use of Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) wells. With filtration of suspended solids the most frequently reported form of clogging, methods to predict its impact serve as useful management tools. In this study, the Membrane Filtration Index (MFI), a standard test of the rate at which water clogs a membrane filter, has been extended for use with turbid and organic-rich waters, and to improve precision of MFI for all water qualities. Waters from 12 sites, including mains, urban stormwater and reclaimed water, which are or have the potential to be water sources for Aquifer Storage and recovery (ASR) in southern Australia, were analyzed for MFI, turbidity, total suspended solids, total organic carbon, particle size and SEM. Time-series data were collected at two of these focus sites over a 12-month period. The upgraded MFI apparatus was found to give repeatable results with coefficients of variation generally less than 10% for MFIs of up to 900 s/L2. This extends the range of utility of the apparatus from previously reported limits of