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Brian Kane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of pruning type and severity on vibration properties and mass of Senegal mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) and rain tree (Samanea saman)
Trees, 2019Co-Authors: Daniel C. Burcham, Wesley R. Autio, Kenneth R. James, Yahya Modarres-sadeghi, Brian KaneAbstract:KEY MESSAGE: During pruning, shortening branches to decrease crown size significantly affected the vibration properties and mass of trees, but the progressive removal of lower branches only altered mass—not vibration properties. During pruning, Arborists often intend to increase a tree’s resistance to wind loading by selectively removing branches, but there are few studies examining the efficacy of these interventions, especially for large, open-grown trees. This study examined the vibration properties (frequency and damping ratio) and mass of Senegal mahogany (Khaya senegalensis) and rain tree (Samanea saman) before and after a series of pruning treatments: crowns were either raised or reduced at incremental severities between 0 and 80%. For both species, mass decreased faster on reduced than raised trees. The frequency and damping ratio of trees varied with the severity of pruning for reduced, but not raised, trees. The frequency of reduced trees generally increased with pruning severity. In contrast, damping ratio of reduced trees generally decreased with the severity of pruning, except for the unique increase in damping ratio on Senegal mahoganies reduced by 10–20%. Although the vibration properties and mass will change as trees grow after pruning, the results suggest that Arborists can reduce trees to change their vibration properties and concomitant response to wind loads, but Arborists should reduce trees by a small amount to avoid the adverse decrease in damping ratio.
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Frictional properties of arborist rigging blocks
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2019Co-Authors: Brian KaneAbstract:Abstract Rigging is a dangerous arboricultural practice that involves working at height with sharp tools; it also induces large forces and dynamic motion of both the rigged piece and the tree itself. Manufacturers have recently developed alternatives to conventional arborist rigging blocks (with a rotating sheave) with the intention of increasing friction in the block to reduce the likelihood of anchor failure in the tree. We measured tension in the fall and lead of rigging ropes run through a variety of blocks (with and without rotating a sheave) in three test methods—dropping, raising, and lowering a mass. The ratio of tension in the lead to tension in the fall of the rope differed among test methods, blocks, ropes, and their interaction. Some of the differences were expected from the underlying physics, but it was not true that blocks without a rotating sheave consistently provided more friction. Considering the inconsistent findings, rigging a less massive piece seems to be a better way to reduce the likelihood of anchor failure than managing friction in the block.
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Compliance with the ANSI Z133.1 - 2006 safety standard among Arborists in New England
Journal of safety research, 2014Co-Authors: Alex K. Julius, Brian Kane, Maria T. Bulzacchelli, H. Dennis P. RyanAbstract:INTRODUCTION: Arboriculture is hazardous work. A consensus safety standard exists, but little is known about compliance with it. This study aimed to determine whether accreditation and certification are associated with safety practices and to identify specific safety practices adhered to most and least. METHOD: Sixty-three tree care companies in southern New England were directly observed on job sites. Adherence to the American National Standards for Arboricultural Operations (ANSI Z133.1 - 2006) was compared across companies that were accredited, non-accredited with certified Arborists on staff, and non-accredited without certified Arborists on staff. RESULTS: Companies with accreditation or certified Arborists demonstrated greater safety compliance than those without. However, low compliance was found across all company types for personal protective equipment (PPE) use, chain saw safety, and chipper safety. CONCLUSIONS: Greater attention to PPE, chain saw, and chipper practices is warranted across the industry. Safety in non-accredited companies without certified Arborists especially needs improvement. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Only partial compliance was found among accredited companies and companies with certified Arborists. Intervention strategies are needed for all company types for the use of PPE and safer use of chain saws and chippers. Language: en
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Compatibility of Toothed Ascenders with Arborist Climbing Ropes
Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, 2011Co-Authors: Brian KaneAbstract:Climbers are increasingly using ascenders to access trees, both as a substitute for Prusik loops used in footlocking a doubled rope and with the single rope technique. Manufacturers, however, have explicit limitations on use of ascenders, many of which are violated when used in tree climb- ing. Ascenders were tested on four arborist climbing ropes in a dynamic drop test; impact load and arrest distance were measured. Of 67 tests, arrest distance met the EN 12841-2006 Standard (≤2 m) only 10 times. Impact loads averaged more than five kN, adding a backup friction hitch to the as - cender increased impact load to more than six kN. Climbers need to be made aware of the appropriate use of ascenders, and only use compatible ropes.
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Damage Inflicted on Climbing Ropes by Handsaws
Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, 2009Co-Authors: Brian Kane, Mac Cloyes, Mollie Freilicher, H. Dennis P. RyanAbstract:Arborists frequently use handsaws while pruning trees. Whenever they work aloft using ropes, there is a risk of the handsaw coming into contact with the rope. This is also true of chainsaws, and while the Z.133 Standard (Anonymous 2006a) clearly states that Arborists shall be tied-in twice whenever they use a chainsaw, there is no such requirement when using a handsaw. It is required to use a lanyard as a second tiein point during the work climb and Masters’ Challenge events of the International Tree Climbing Championship (ISA 2008). A recent injury highlighted the risk posed when a climber cuts his or her rope with a handsaw. In this accident, the climber completely cut his rope, fell out of the tree, and broke his neck (Georgia Arborist Association 2009). In light of this recent accident, which left the climber, who was not a novice, a quadriplegic, it became obvious that controlled testing of this type of accident was required. The objectives of this study were to determine the ease with which a climber could cut himor herself out of the tree using a handsaw and whether a particular blade or rope (or combination thereof) was more likely to lead to rope failure.
Nascimento Adelaide - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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L’activité d’arboriste-élagueur en milieu urbain : la sécurité en action comme structurante pour le travail dans les arbres
Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé, 2018Co-Authors: Lafeuillade Anne-cécile, Nascimento AdelaideAbstract:Cet article a pour objectif de présenter la gestion de la sécurité dans l’activité réalisée par des arboristes-élagueurs. Au travers de l’observation des chantiers d’élagage et d’entretiens d’auto et allo-confrontation, les résultats mettent d’une part en lumière les conflits d’objectifs entre la dimension productive (efficience et efficacité) et la dimension sécuritaire de l’activité. D’autre part, il est montré que réaliser une taille harmonieuse (efficacité) demande des savoir-faire en arboriculture, mais également la maîtrise des déplacements dans l’arbre. Cette maîtrise est intimement liée aux dimensions de gestion de risques et d’efficience visant à réduire notamment les douleurs et la fatigue. À partir de ces résultats, nous démontrons que la gestion de la sécurité apparaît dans ce métier comme une sécurité en action structurante du travail dans les arbres, permettant à la fois l’efficience dans l’usage des équipements et des outils de travail - dont son propre corps - et l’efficacité des soins prodigués aux arbres.This paper explores how Arborists incorporate safety management in their work activity. Data-gathering was based on both the observation of pruning sites and the auto- and allo-confrontation method in which four Arborists commented 3 videos of pruning situations that they or their colleagues had directed. The results show the conflict that arises between efficient production and risk prevention strategies. Harmonious cutting requires tree cultivation know-how, but also the proper control of one’s movements in the tree when hanging from ropes. This control is intimately linked to the management of both risk and efficiency, particularly with regard to reducing pain and fatigue. Based on these results, we demonstrate that safety management is an integral dimension of tree work, permitting both the effective use of equipment and tools – including one’s own body – and efficient care for trees.Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la gestión de la seguridad en la actividad llevada a cabo por los podadores de árboles. A través de la observación de sitios de poda y entrevistas de auto-conforntación y allo-confrontación, los resultados destacan, por un lado, el conflicto de objetivos entre la dimensión productiva (eficiencia y efectividad) y la dimensión de seguridad en la actividad. Por otro lado, se demuestra que una poda armoniosa (eficiencia) requiere un saber-hacer en arboricultura, pero también el dominio de movimientos en el árbol. Este dominio está íntimamente ligado a las dimensiones de gestión de riesgos y eficiencia dirigidas a reducir el dolor y la fatiga. En base a estos resultados, mostramos que la gestión de la seguridad operacional aparece en este oficio como seguridad en acción estructurante del trabajo en los árboles, permitiendo al mismo tiempo la eficiencia en el uso de los equipos y herramientas de trabajo, incluyendo su propio cuerpo, y la eficacia del cuidado brindado a los árboles
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L’activité d’arboriste-élagueur en milieu urbain : la sécurité en action comme structurante pour le travail dans les arbres
'Consortium Erudit', 2018Co-Authors: Lafeuillade Anne-cécile, Nascimento AdelaideAbstract:Cet article a pour objectif de présenter la gestion de la sécurité dans l’activité réalisée par des arboristes-élagueurs. Au travers de l’observation des chantiers d’élagage et d’entretiens d’auto et allo-confrontation, les résultats mettent d’une part en lumière les conflits d’objectifs entre la dimension productive (efficience et efficacité) et la dimension sécuritaire de l’activité. D’autre part, il est montré que réaliser une taille harmonieuse (efficacité) demande des savoir-faire en arboriculture, mais également la maîtrise des déplacements dans l’arbre. Cette maîtrise est intimement liée aux dimensions de gestion de risques et d’efficience visant à réduire notamment les douleurs et la fatigue. À partir de ces résultats, nous démontrons que la gestion de la sécurité apparaît dans ce métier comme une sécurité en action structurante du travail dans les arbres, permettant à la fois l’efficience dans l’usage des équipements et des outils de travail - dont son propre corps - et l’efficacité des soins prodigués aux arbres.This paper explores how Arborists incorporate safety management in their work activity. Data-gathering was based on both the observation of pruning sites and the auto- and allo-confrontation method in which four Arborists commented 3 videos of pruning situations that they or their colleagues had directed. The results show the conflict that arises between efficient production and risk prevention strategies. Harmonious cutting requires tree cultivation know-how, but also the proper control of one’s movements in the tree when hanging from ropes. This control is intimately linked to the management of both risk and efficiency, particularly with regard to reducing pain and fatigue. Based on these results, we demonstrate that safety management is an integral dimension of tree work, permitting both the effective use of equipment and tools – including one’s own body – and efficient care for trees.Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la gestión de la seguridad en la actividad llevada a cabo por los podadores de árboles. A través de la observación de sitios de poda y entrevistas de auto-conforntación y allo-confrontación, los resultados destacan, por un lado, el conflicto de objetivos entre la dimensión productiva (eficiencia y efectividad) y la dimensión de seguridad en la actividad. Por otro lado, se demuestra que una poda armoniosa (eficiencia) requiere un saber-hacer en arboricultura, pero también el dominio de movimientos en el árbol. Este dominio está íntimamente ligado a las dimensiones de gestión de riesgos y eficiencia dirigidas a reducir el dolor y la fatiga. En base a estos resultados, mostramos que la gestión de la seguridad operacional aparece en este oficio como seguridad en acción estructurante del trabajo en los árboles, permitiendo al mismo tiempo la eficiencia en el uso de los equipos y herramientas de trabajo, incluyendo su propio cuerpo, y la eficacia del cuidado brindado a los árboles
Richard J. Hauer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Professional identity of urban foresters in the United States
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2020Co-Authors: Keith O’herrin, Susan D Day, P. Eric Wiseman, Richard J. HauerAbstract:Abstract Though the urban forest resource has been the subject of numerous studies quantifying ecosystem benefits and assessing tree canopy cover, little is known about the managers of this resource – the urban foresters. Literature from more well-established professions shows they routinely reflect on their own profession to identify opportunities and areas for improvement. A few examples of topics addressed by these reflections are recruitment of youth into the profession, monitoring of workforce conditions and employment trends, as well as comprehensive self-reflection. To address this gap in the urban forestry profession, we studied municipal employees whose primary responsibilities directly involve planning, managing, and implementing urban trees and greenspaces. The purpose was to determine who is managing urban forests, and if the professional identity of urban foresters could be outlined. Survey topics included usage of professional support mechanisms such as certifications, conferences, and memberships. Less than half of respondents were Arborists or urban foresters. Over half (55 %) of respondents were from locations that were being managed by non-tree professionals such as public administrators, civil engineers, landscape architects, and urban planners. This group had low rates of participation in tree-centric education, certifications, conferences, or memberships, suggesting that urban forest expertise may not be their priority. A regression analysis showed a distinction in the usage of professional support mechanisms between urban foresters and all other professionals, including Arborists. We identified the support mechanisms urban foresters use to define their professionalism in lieu of a certification tailored to them. Recommendations include creating mechanisms for non-tree professionals to develop tree-centric skills and knowledge, and creating a certification for urban foresters.
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Relationship between perceived and actual occupancy rates in urban settings
Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2016Co-Authors: Ryan W. Klein, Andrew K. Koeser, Richard J. Hauer, Gail Hansen, Francisco J. EscobedoAbstract:Arborists and tree care professionals assess tree risk by considering likelihood of impacting a target, likelihood of failure, and consequence of failure (should a target be impacted). For basic risk assessments, these three factors are typically assessed qualitatively using visual cues, though it is possible to quantify target occupancy (as it relates to the likelihood of impacting a target) using traffic monitoring equipment. For this study, 115 Arborists were surveyed to see if their visual assessments of occupancy (based on videos filmed during different seasons and time of day) correlated with the actual measured occupancy counts recorded at four different locations. While there was a significant relationship between visual target occupancy ratings and actual occupancy, ratings were improved when traffic counter data was provided. Additionally, 70% of respondents considered traffic counters a worthwhile investment as they believed they could increase the accuracy of target occupancy assessments.
H. Dennis P. Ryan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Compliance with the ANSI Z133.1 - 2006 safety standard among Arborists in New England
Journal of safety research, 2014Co-Authors: Alex K. Julius, Brian Kane, Maria T. Bulzacchelli, H. Dennis P. RyanAbstract:INTRODUCTION: Arboriculture is hazardous work. A consensus safety standard exists, but little is known about compliance with it. This study aimed to determine whether accreditation and certification are associated with safety practices and to identify specific safety practices adhered to most and least. METHOD: Sixty-three tree care companies in southern New England were directly observed on job sites. Adherence to the American National Standards for Arboricultural Operations (ANSI Z133.1 - 2006) was compared across companies that were accredited, non-accredited with certified Arborists on staff, and non-accredited without certified Arborists on staff. RESULTS: Companies with accreditation or certified Arborists demonstrated greater safety compliance than those without. However, low compliance was found across all company types for personal protective equipment (PPE) use, chain saw safety, and chipper safety. CONCLUSIONS: Greater attention to PPE, chain saw, and chipper practices is warranted across the industry. Safety in non-accredited companies without certified Arborists especially needs improvement. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Only partial compliance was found among accredited companies and companies with certified Arborists. Intervention strategies are needed for all company types for the use of PPE and safer use of chain saws and chippers. Language: en
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Damage Inflicted on Climbing Ropes by Handsaws
Arboriculture and Urban Forestry, 2009Co-Authors: Brian Kane, Mac Cloyes, Mollie Freilicher, H. Dennis P. RyanAbstract:Arborists frequently use handsaws while pruning trees. Whenever they work aloft using ropes, there is a risk of the handsaw coming into contact with the rope. This is also true of chainsaws, and while the Z.133 Standard (Anonymous 2006a) clearly states that Arborists shall be tied-in twice whenever they use a chainsaw, there is no such requirement when using a handsaw. It is required to use a lanyard as a second tiein point during the work climb and Masters’ Challenge events of the International Tree Climbing Championship (ISA 2008). A recent injury highlighted the risk posed when a climber cuts his or her rope with a handsaw. In this accident, the climber completely cut his rope, fell out of the tree, and broke his neck (Georgia Arborist Association 2009). In light of this recent accident, which left the climber, who was not a novice, a quadriplegic, it became obvious that controlled testing of this type of accident was required. The objectives of this study were to determine the ease with which a climber could cut himor herself out of the tree using a handsaw and whether a particular blade or rope (or combination thereof) was more likely to lead to rope failure.
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ASSESSMENT OF AMERICAN AND BRITISH ARBORICULTURAL CLIMBING TECHNIQUES
Arboricultural Journal, 1996Co-Authors: H. Dennis P. RyanAbstract:Summary With the exception of better ropes and saddles, tree climbing methodologies have not changed significantly in 90 years. Climbing still takes an above average amount of strength and skill in order to ascend into the tree. Commercial Arborists in both America and Britain are searching for a climbing system that will make it easier and safer for the climber to the work in the tree canopy. This paper reviews the history of commercial arboricultural climbing and reviews American and British climbing systems from an American perspective.
Lafeuillade Anne-cécile - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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L’activité d’arboriste-élagueur en milieu urbain : la sécurité en action comme structurante pour le travail dans les arbres
Perspectives interdisciplinaires sur le travail et la santé, 2018Co-Authors: Lafeuillade Anne-cécile, Nascimento AdelaideAbstract:Cet article a pour objectif de présenter la gestion de la sécurité dans l’activité réalisée par des arboristes-élagueurs. Au travers de l’observation des chantiers d’élagage et d’entretiens d’auto et allo-confrontation, les résultats mettent d’une part en lumière les conflits d’objectifs entre la dimension productive (efficience et efficacité) et la dimension sécuritaire de l’activité. D’autre part, il est montré que réaliser une taille harmonieuse (efficacité) demande des savoir-faire en arboriculture, mais également la maîtrise des déplacements dans l’arbre. Cette maîtrise est intimement liée aux dimensions de gestion de risques et d’efficience visant à réduire notamment les douleurs et la fatigue. À partir de ces résultats, nous démontrons que la gestion de la sécurité apparaît dans ce métier comme une sécurité en action structurante du travail dans les arbres, permettant à la fois l’efficience dans l’usage des équipements et des outils de travail - dont son propre corps - et l’efficacité des soins prodigués aux arbres.This paper explores how Arborists incorporate safety management in their work activity. Data-gathering was based on both the observation of pruning sites and the auto- and allo-confrontation method in which four Arborists commented 3 videos of pruning situations that they or their colleagues had directed. The results show the conflict that arises between efficient production and risk prevention strategies. Harmonious cutting requires tree cultivation know-how, but also the proper control of one’s movements in the tree when hanging from ropes. This control is intimately linked to the management of both risk and efficiency, particularly with regard to reducing pain and fatigue. Based on these results, we demonstrate that safety management is an integral dimension of tree work, permitting both the effective use of equipment and tools – including one’s own body – and efficient care for trees.Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la gestión de la seguridad en la actividad llevada a cabo por los podadores de árboles. A través de la observación de sitios de poda y entrevistas de auto-conforntación y allo-confrontación, los resultados destacan, por un lado, el conflicto de objetivos entre la dimensión productiva (eficiencia y efectividad) y la dimensión de seguridad en la actividad. Por otro lado, se demuestra que una poda armoniosa (eficiencia) requiere un saber-hacer en arboricultura, pero también el dominio de movimientos en el árbol. Este dominio está íntimamente ligado a las dimensiones de gestión de riesgos y eficiencia dirigidas a reducir el dolor y la fatiga. En base a estos resultados, mostramos que la gestión de la seguridad operacional aparece en este oficio como seguridad en acción estructurante del trabajo en los árboles, permitiendo al mismo tiempo la eficiencia en el uso de los equipos y herramientas de trabajo, incluyendo su propio cuerpo, y la eficacia del cuidado brindado a los árboles
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L’activité d’arboriste-élagueur en milieu urbain : la sécurité en action comme structurante pour le travail dans les arbres
'Consortium Erudit', 2018Co-Authors: Lafeuillade Anne-cécile, Nascimento AdelaideAbstract:Cet article a pour objectif de présenter la gestion de la sécurité dans l’activité réalisée par des arboristes-élagueurs. Au travers de l’observation des chantiers d’élagage et d’entretiens d’auto et allo-confrontation, les résultats mettent d’une part en lumière les conflits d’objectifs entre la dimension productive (efficience et efficacité) et la dimension sécuritaire de l’activité. D’autre part, il est montré que réaliser une taille harmonieuse (efficacité) demande des savoir-faire en arboriculture, mais également la maîtrise des déplacements dans l’arbre. Cette maîtrise est intimement liée aux dimensions de gestion de risques et d’efficience visant à réduire notamment les douleurs et la fatigue. À partir de ces résultats, nous démontrons que la gestion de la sécurité apparaît dans ce métier comme une sécurité en action structurante du travail dans les arbres, permettant à la fois l’efficience dans l’usage des équipements et des outils de travail - dont son propre corps - et l’efficacité des soins prodigués aux arbres.This paper explores how Arborists incorporate safety management in their work activity. Data-gathering was based on both the observation of pruning sites and the auto- and allo-confrontation method in which four Arborists commented 3 videos of pruning situations that they or their colleagues had directed. The results show the conflict that arises between efficient production and risk prevention strategies. Harmonious cutting requires tree cultivation know-how, but also the proper control of one’s movements in the tree when hanging from ropes. This control is intimately linked to the management of both risk and efficiency, particularly with regard to reducing pain and fatigue. Based on these results, we demonstrate that safety management is an integral dimension of tree work, permitting both the effective use of equipment and tools – including one’s own body – and efficient care for trees.Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar la gestión de la seguridad en la actividad llevada a cabo por los podadores de árboles. A través de la observación de sitios de poda y entrevistas de auto-conforntación y allo-confrontación, los resultados destacan, por un lado, el conflicto de objetivos entre la dimensión productiva (eficiencia y efectividad) y la dimensión de seguridad en la actividad. Por otro lado, se demuestra que una poda armoniosa (eficiencia) requiere un saber-hacer en arboricultura, pero también el dominio de movimientos en el árbol. Este dominio está íntimamente ligado a las dimensiones de gestión de riesgos y eficiencia dirigidas a reducir el dolor y la fatiga. En base a estos resultados, mostramos que la gestión de la seguridad operacional aparece en este oficio como seguridad en acción estructurante del trabajo en los árboles, permitiendo al mismo tiempo la eficiencia en el uso de los equipos y herramientas de trabajo, incluyendo su propio cuerpo, y la eficacia del cuidado brindado a los árboles