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Bradley W. Bolling - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Composition, polyphenol bioavailability, and health benefits of Aronia berry: a review
Journal of Food Bioactives, 2020Co-Authors: Erica S. King, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Aronia berries (Aronia melanocarpa and Aronia mitschurinii) are underutilized functional food, rich in bioactives. Aronia berries have abundant levels of anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, flavonols, and phenolic acids that may reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and neurological disease. Aronia polyphenols are bioavailable, and the majority are transformed into low molecular-weight phenolics. The impact of biotransformation on Aronia polyphenols health effects is not fully understood. The objective of this review is to analyze Aronia berry composition, including polyphenols nutrients. Additionally, this review summarizes recent preclinical and clinical studies on the polyphenol bioavailability and health benefits upon Aronia berry consumption to better understand its potential as a functional food.
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Aronia berry inhibits disruption of Caco-2 intestinal barrier function.
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics, 2020Co-Authors: Jonathan C. Valdez, Junhyo Cho, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Abstract The objective of this work was to determine how Aronia berry polyphenols and its microbial catabolites improve intestinal barrier function. Caco-2 cells were cultured on transwell plates and allowed differentiate to form a model intestinal barrier, having baseline transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) ≥ 300 Ω cm2. Barrier function of differentiated Caco-2 cells was compromised by the addition of an inflammatory cocktail (IC: TNF-α, IL-1β, and IFN-γ to the basolateral media and lipopolysaccharide to the apical media). Polyphenol-rich Aronia berry powder or individual polyphenols representative of parent compounds or catabolites were applied to the basolateral media concurrently with IC. TEER was determined subsequently by chopstick electrode or continuous analysis. Permeability was determined by application of 4 kDa FITC-dextran or Lucifer yellow. Expression of tight junction proteins was assessed by qRT-PCR analysis. Application of the IC to differentiated Caco-2 cells routinely reduced TEER by ~40% within 24 h. Individual polyphenols representative of parent compounds or phenolic microbial catabolites at 100 μM did not inhibit IC reduction of TEER in Caco-2 cells. Whole Aronia berry powder inhibited loss of TEER by ~50% at 24 h after application of the IC. Furthermore 5 mg/mL of Aronia berry powder prevented an IC-induced barrier permeability of FITC-dextran and Lucifer yellow. After 12 h of IC treatment, Caco-2 cells had increased claudin 1 (CLDN1) relative to the untreated control. Application of Aronia berry powder inhibited CLDN1 and also increased expression of zonula ocludens-1 (ZO-1) after 12 h. In summary, Aronia berry, but not its microbiota-derived catabolites improved intestinal barrier function in a cellular model of chronic colonic inflammation. In this case, improved barrier function was associated with modulation of tight junction expression.
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Aronia Berry Supplementation Mitigates Inflammation in T Cell Transfer-Induced Colitis by Decreasing Oxidative Stress
Nutrients, 2019Co-Authors: Ruisong Pei, Derek A. Martin, Zhenhua Liu, Jonathan C. Valdez, Jiyuan Liu, Justin Jeffety, Gregory A. Barrett-wilt, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. Consumption of Aronia berry inhibits T cell transfer colitis, but the antioxidant mechanisms pertinent to immune function are unclear. We hypothesized that Aronia berry consumption could inhibit inflammation by modulating the antioxidant function of immunocytes and gastrointestinal tissues. Colitis was induced in recombinase activating gene-1 deficient (Rag1-/-) mice injected with syngeneic CD4+CD62L+ naive T cells. Concurrent with transfer, mice consumed either 4.5% w/w Aronia berry-supplemented or a control diet for five weeks. Aronia berry inhibited intestinal inflammation evidenced by lower colon weight/length ratios, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) uptake, mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the colon. Aronia berry also suppressed systemic inflammation evidenced by lower FDG uptake in the spleen, liver, and lung. Colitis induced increased colon malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased colon glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, reduced glutathione (rGSH) level, and suppressed expression of antioxidant enzymes in the colon and mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Aronia berry upregulated expression of antioxidant enzymes, prevented colitis-associated depletion of rGSH, and maintained GPx activity. Moreover, Aronia berry modulated mitochondria-specific antioxidant activity and decreased splenic mitochondrial H2O2 production in colitic mice. Thus, Aronia berry consumption inhibits oxidative stress in the colon during T cell transfer colitis because of its multifaceted antioxidant function in both the cytosol and mitochondria of immunocytes.
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Dietary Prevention of Colitis by Aronia Berry is Mediated Through Increased Th17 and Treg.
Molecular nutrition & food research, 2018Co-Authors: Ruisong Pei, Derek A. Martin, Joan A. Smyth, Zhenhua Liu, Jonathan C. Valdez, Jiyuan Liu, Robert L. Kerby, Federico E. Rey, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Scope Increased fruit consumption is associated with reduced risk of colitis. It has been investigated whether the anti-colitic effects of the polyphenol-rich Aronia berry (Aronia mitschurinii 'Viking') are mediated through Th17 and Treg. Methods and results Colitis is induced in recombinase activating gene-1 deficient mice injected with syngeneic CD4+ CD62L+ naive T cells. Mice consume either 4.5% w/w Aronia-berry-supplemented or a control diet concurrent with T cell transfer. The extent of colitis and immunocyte populations are evaluated at weeks 3 to 7 after transfer. Aronia consumption prevents colitic wasting and reduces colon weight/length ratios relative to the control diet at weeks 5 and 7. Compared to the control diet, Aronia feeding increases Treg in mesenteric lymph node at all colitis stages. Treg and regulatory Th17 subpopulations (IL-17A+ IL-10+ and IL-17A+ IL-22+ ) are increased in lamina propria and spleen at week 5 in Aronia-fed mice. Aronia feeding also decreases total CD4+ cells but increases colonic Tregs. The ability of Aronia to modulate colonic cytokines is associated with functional T cell IL-10 and increased diversity of microbiota. Conclusions Aronia berry consumption inhibits adoptive transfer colitis by increasing Treg and regulatory Th17 cells. Dietary modulation of T cells is dynamic and precedes colitic wasting.
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Aronia berry (Aronia mitschurinii ‘Viking’) inhibits colitis in mice and inhibits T cell tumour necrosis factor-α secretion
Journal of Functional Foods, 2018Co-Authors: Derek A. Martin, Joan A. Smyth, Zhenhua Liu, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Abstract Aronia berries are rich in polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that Aronia berry consumption modulates intestinal immune function and T cells. The aims of the present work were to assess the immunomodulatory potential of ‘Viking’ Aronia berry (black chokeberry, Aronia mitschurinii) in vivo and to determine the extent Aronia berry polyphenols or known microbial polyphenol catabolites inhibit T cell tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in vitro. Aronia berry consumption increased colonic IL-10 secretion in healthy mice, but did not inhibit ex vivo cytokine secretion of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated spleen and colon tissue. Aronia berry consumption inhibited wasting associated with T cell adoptive transfer and dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis. Aronia extracts, neutral phenols fraction, and the polyphenol catabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid inhibited TNF-α production in Jurkat T cells. Therefore, T cells and microbial catabolism partly mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of Aronia consumption in the colon.
Mark H Brand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Sexual and Apomictic Seed Reproduction in Aronia Species with Different Ploidy Levels
HortScience, 2019Co-Authors: Jonathan D. Mahoney, Bryan A Connolly, Thao Hau, Mark H BrandAbstract:The genus Aronia Medik., also known as chokeberry, is a group of deciduous shrubs in the Rosaceae family, subtribe Pyrinae. The four commonly accepted species include A. arbutifolia (L.) Pers., red chokeberry; A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, black chokeberry; A. prunifolia (Marshall) Reheder, purple chokeberry; and A. mitschurinii (A.K. Skvortsov & Maitul). Wild and domesticated Aronia species are found as diploids, triploids, and tetraploids. Genetic improvement of polyploid Aronia genotypes has been limited by suspected apomixis, which may be widespread or distinct to tetraploids. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the reproductive mechanisms of Aronia species and reveal the occurrence of apomixis within the genus and along ploidy lines. Twenty-nine Aronia accessions [five A. melanocarpa (2×), five A. melanocarpa (4×), eight A. prunifolia (3×), four A. prunifolia (4×), six A. arbutifolia (4×), and one A. mitschurinii (4×)] were used in this study. Intra-accession variability was evaluated by growing out progeny from each open-pollinated maternal accession and comparing plant phenotypes, ploidy levels, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker profiles between the progeny and maternal accession. Progeny of diploid and tetraploid maternal plants had ploidy levels identical to maternal plants, except for UC009 (A. melanocarpa, 2×) which produced a mix of diploids and tetraploids. UC143 and UC149 (A. prunifolia, 3×) produced all triploid offspring, whereas all other triploid accessions produced offspring with variable ploidy levels including 2×, 3×, 4×, and 5×. Pentaploid Aronia has not been previously reported. Diploid accessions produced significant AFLP genetic variation (0.68–0.78 Jaccard’s similarity coefficient) in progeny, which is indicative of sexual reproduction. Seedlings from tetraploid accessions had very little AFLP genetic variation (0.93–0.98 Jaccard’s similarity coefficient) in comparison with their maternal accession. The very limited genetic variation suggests the occurrence of limited diplosporous apomixis with one round of meiotic division in tetraploid progeny. Triploid accessions appear to reproduce sexually or apomictically, or both, depending on the individual. These results support our understanding of Aronia reproductive mechanisms and will help guide future breeding efforts of polyploid Aronia species.
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Adventitious shoot regeneration from in vitro leaves of Aronia mitschurinii and cotyledons of closely related Pyrinae taxa
Scientia Horticulturae, 2018Co-Authors: Jonathan D. Mahoney, Peter V. Apicella, Mark H BrandAbstract:Abstract The objective of this study was to develop an in vitro shoot regeneration procedure and to evaluate the frequency of adventitious shoot regeneration from: (1) in vitro leaves of a commercial cultivar of Aronia mitschurinii on various media treatments; (2) cotyledons of closely related Pyrinae taxa; and (3) 21 wild Aronia genotypes. Optimum regeneration of leaf explants occurred when they were wounded with two transverse cuts along the midrib and placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal media containing 5 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 10 μM thidiazuron (TDZ). TDZ was more effective than 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) as a cytokinin, and IBA was more effective than the no auxin control, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Regeneration from cotyledons of seven Pyrinae taxa was evaluated using 10 μM BAP in combination with 0.1, 1 and 5 μM NAA. Adventitious shoot formation for A. melanocarpa and P. communis responded best to 1 μM NAA, whereas all other taxa formed a greater number of adventitious shoots on 5 μM NAA. A. mitschurinii cotyledon explants produced a significantly greater number of shoots compared with in vitro leaf explants. The number of shoots forming per cotyledon explant and the percent of explants forming shoots were both significantly different among the 21 Aronia genotypes. Significant differences were observed between the six Aronia taxonomic groups for the number of shoots forming per explant. Diploid and tetraploid Aronia genotypes produced a significantly greater number of shoots per explant than did triploid genotypes. Regenerated shoots were rooted in vitro and plants grew normally in the greenhouse. These results will be useful for future studies using leaf and cotyledon explants for genetic transformation, genome editing and mutation breeding with Aronia and related taxa.
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Microsatellite Markers for Aronia melanocarpa (Black Chokeberry) and Their Transferability to Other Aronia Species
HortScience, 2017Co-Authors: Samuel G. Obae, Bryan A Connolly, Mark H Brand, Rochelle R. Beasley, Stacey L. LanceAbstract:This study reports the development, characterization, and cross-species transferability of 20 genomic microsatellite markers for Aronia melanocarpa, an important nutraceutical fruit crop. The markers were developed with Illumina paired-end genomic sequencing technology using DNA from Professor Ed cultivar that was originally collected from the wild in New Hampshire. The markers were highly polymorphic and transferable to Aronia arbutifolia and Aronia prunifolia genomes. The average number of alleles per locus was 9.1, 4.5, and 5.6 for A. melanocarpa, A. arbutifolia, and A. prunifolia, respectively. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of loci ranged from 0.38 to 0.95 for all taxa, with an average of 0.80, 0.68, and 0.87 for A. melanocarpa, A. arbutifolia, and A. prunifolia, respectively. This is the first study to develop microsatellite markers in the Aronia genus. These markers will be very useful in studying the genetic diversity and population structure of wild Aronia and expediting the breeding efforts of this emerging fruit crop through marker-assisted selection.
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Anthocyanins, total phenolics, ORAC and moisture content of wild and cultivated dark-fruited Aronia species
Scientia Horticulturae, 2017Co-Authors: Mark H Brand, Bryan A Connolly, Lanfang H. Levine, Jeffrey T. Richards, Stacey M. Shine, Lashelle SpencerAbstract:Total phenolics, anthocyanins and ORACFL values from a large number of wild and cultivated genotypes of dark-fruited Aronia melanocarpa (diploid and tetraploid), Aronia prunifolia and Aronia mitschurinii were quantified and characterized in two consecutive years. The A. prunifolia taxonomic group had the highest total phenolic content. The diploid A. melanocarpa group had the highest ORACFL values and A. mitschurinii the lowest values. Anthocyanin content was highest in the diploid A. melanocarpa group and also in the A. mitschurinii group in 2011. Anthocyanin content was lowest for the A. prunifolia group. Accessions UC009, UC047 and UC082 had elevated amounts of cyanidin-3-galactoside and reduced cyanidin-3-arabinoside, suggesting they have altered anthocyanin metabolism compared to most accessions. Polyphenol content for the same genotypes varied significantly between years, especially for wild germplasm. Wild Aronia genotypes represent a significant source of fruit biochemical diversity and have substantial potential for use directly in nutraceutical fruit production or in plant breeding programs.
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Harvest date affects Aronia juice polyphenols, sugars, and antioxidant activity, but not anthocyanin stability.
Food chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Bradley W. Bolling, Rod Taheri, Ruisong Pei, Sarah Kranz, Shelley N. Durocher, Mark H BrandAbstract:Abstract The goal of this work was to characterize how the date of harvest of ‘Viking’ Aronia berry impacts juice pigmentation, sugars, and antioxidant activity. Aronia juice anthocyanins doubled at the fifth week of the harvest, and then decreased. Juice hydroxycinnamic acids decreased 33% from the first week, while proanthocyanidins increased 64%. Juice fructose and glucose plateaued at the fourth week, but sorbitol increased 40% to the seventh harvest week. Aronia juice pigment density increased due to anthocyanin concentration, and polyphenol copigmentation did not significantly affect juice pigmentation. Anthocyanin stability at pH 4.5 was similar between weeks. However, addition of quercetin, sorbitol, and chlorogenic acid to Aronia anthocyanins inhibited pH-induced loss of color. Sorbitol and citric acid may be partially responsible for weekly variation in antioxidant activity, as addition of these agents inhibited DPPH scavenging 13–30%. Thus, Aronia polyphenol and non-polyphenol components contribute to its colorant and antioxidant functionality.
Derek A. Martin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aronia Berry Supplementation Mitigates Inflammation in T Cell Transfer-Induced Colitis by Decreasing Oxidative Stress
Nutrients, 2019Co-Authors: Ruisong Pei, Derek A. Martin, Zhenhua Liu, Jonathan C. Valdez, Jiyuan Liu, Justin Jeffety, Gregory A. Barrett-wilt, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. Consumption of Aronia berry inhibits T cell transfer colitis, but the antioxidant mechanisms pertinent to immune function are unclear. We hypothesized that Aronia berry consumption could inhibit inflammation by modulating the antioxidant function of immunocytes and gastrointestinal tissues. Colitis was induced in recombinase activating gene-1 deficient (Rag1-/-) mice injected with syngeneic CD4+CD62L+ naive T cells. Concurrent with transfer, mice consumed either 4.5% w/w Aronia berry-supplemented or a control diet for five weeks. Aronia berry inhibited intestinal inflammation evidenced by lower colon weight/length ratios, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) uptake, mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the colon. Aronia berry also suppressed systemic inflammation evidenced by lower FDG uptake in the spleen, liver, and lung. Colitis induced increased colon malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased colon glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, reduced glutathione (rGSH) level, and suppressed expression of antioxidant enzymes in the colon and mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Aronia berry upregulated expression of antioxidant enzymes, prevented colitis-associated depletion of rGSH, and maintained GPx activity. Moreover, Aronia berry modulated mitochondria-specific antioxidant activity and decreased splenic mitochondrial H2O2 production in colitic mice. Thus, Aronia berry consumption inhibits oxidative stress in the colon during T cell transfer colitis because of its multifaceted antioxidant function in both the cytosol and mitochondria of immunocytes.
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Dietary Prevention of Colitis by Aronia Berry is Mediated Through Increased Th17 and Treg.
Molecular nutrition & food research, 2018Co-Authors: Ruisong Pei, Derek A. Martin, Joan A. Smyth, Zhenhua Liu, Jonathan C. Valdez, Jiyuan Liu, Robert L. Kerby, Federico E. Rey, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Scope Increased fruit consumption is associated with reduced risk of colitis. It has been investigated whether the anti-colitic effects of the polyphenol-rich Aronia berry (Aronia mitschurinii 'Viking') are mediated through Th17 and Treg. Methods and results Colitis is induced in recombinase activating gene-1 deficient mice injected with syngeneic CD4+ CD62L+ naive T cells. Mice consume either 4.5% w/w Aronia-berry-supplemented or a control diet concurrent with T cell transfer. The extent of colitis and immunocyte populations are evaluated at weeks 3 to 7 after transfer. Aronia consumption prevents colitic wasting and reduces colon weight/length ratios relative to the control diet at weeks 5 and 7. Compared to the control diet, Aronia feeding increases Treg in mesenteric lymph node at all colitis stages. Treg and regulatory Th17 subpopulations (IL-17A+ IL-10+ and IL-17A+ IL-22+ ) are increased in lamina propria and spleen at week 5 in Aronia-fed mice. Aronia feeding also decreases total CD4+ cells but increases colonic Tregs. The ability of Aronia to modulate colonic cytokines is associated with functional T cell IL-10 and increased diversity of microbiota. Conclusions Aronia berry consumption inhibits adoptive transfer colitis by increasing Treg and regulatory Th17 cells. Dietary modulation of T cells is dynamic and precedes colitic wasting.
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Aronia berry (Aronia mitschurinii ‘Viking’) inhibits colitis in mice and inhibits T cell tumour necrosis factor-α secretion
Journal of Functional Foods, 2018Co-Authors: Derek A. Martin, Joan A. Smyth, Zhenhua Liu, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Abstract Aronia berries are rich in polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that Aronia berry consumption modulates intestinal immune function and T cells. The aims of the present work were to assess the immunomodulatory potential of ‘Viking’ Aronia berry (black chokeberry, Aronia mitschurinii) in vivo and to determine the extent Aronia berry polyphenols or known microbial polyphenol catabolites inhibit T cell tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in vitro. Aronia berry consumption increased colonic IL-10 secretion in healthy mice, but did not inhibit ex vivo cytokine secretion of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated spleen and colon tissue. Aronia berry consumption inhibited wasting associated with T cell adoptive transfer and dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis. Aronia extracts, neutral phenols fraction, and the polyphenol catabolites 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid inhibited TNF-α production in Jurkat T cells. Therefore, T cells and microbial catabolism partly mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of Aronia consumption in the colon.
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Anti-inflammatory activity of Aronia berry extracts in murine splenocytes
Journal of Functional Foods, 2014Co-Authors: Derek A. Martin, Rod Taheri, Mark H Brand, Andrew Draghi, Francisco A. Sylvester, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Aronia berries are a rich source of dietary polyphenols, with diverse polyphenol profiles among its genotypes. The objective of this work was to characterize the anti-inflammatory effects of underutilized Aronia berries and their polyphenols using primary C57/BL6 mouse splenocytes. At 125 μg gallic acid equivalents/mL, the commercial ‘Viking’ Aronia berry and underutilized Aronia extracts inhibited LPS-stimulated IL-6 to a similar extent. ‘Viking’ extracts inhibited IL-6 predominately in CD4− lymphocytes. The primary polyphenol constituents of extracts were subsequently evaluated for inhibition of LPS-stimulated IL-6. Cyanidin-3-arabinoside, but not the primary Aronia anthocyanin cyanidin-3-galactoside, inhibited IL-6 at 10 μg/mL. Quercetin, but not its 3-galactoside or glucoside, inhibited LPS-stimulated IL-6. Quercetin also inhibited LPS-stimulated IL-10, whereas ‘Viking’ extract increased splenocyte IL-10 in the absence of LPS. Thus, the capacity of Aronia extracts to modulate LPS-stimulated splenocyte IL-6 and IL-10 in vitro was not attributed to its principal polyphenols.
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Polyphenol-rich red and purple Aronia berry extracts inhibit interleukin-6 from mouse splenocytes.
The FASEB Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Derek A. Martin, Rod Taheri, Mark H Brand, Andrew Draghi, Francisco A. Sylvester, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Viking Aronia berries are a rich source of dietary polyphenols, but less is known about other Aronia genotypes. The objective of this work was to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of underutili...
Ruisong Pei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Aronia Berry Supplementation Mitigates Inflammation in T Cell Transfer-Induced Colitis by Decreasing Oxidative Stress
Nutrients, 2019Co-Authors: Ruisong Pei, Derek A. Martin, Zhenhua Liu, Jonathan C. Valdez, Jiyuan Liu, Justin Jeffety, Gregory A. Barrett-wilt, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease. Consumption of Aronia berry inhibits T cell transfer colitis, but the antioxidant mechanisms pertinent to immune function are unclear. We hypothesized that Aronia berry consumption could inhibit inflammation by modulating the antioxidant function of immunocytes and gastrointestinal tissues. Colitis was induced in recombinase activating gene-1 deficient (Rag1-/-) mice injected with syngeneic CD4+CD62L+ naive T cells. Concurrent with transfer, mice consumed either 4.5% w/w Aronia berry-supplemented or a control diet for five weeks. Aronia berry inhibited intestinal inflammation evidenced by lower colon weight/length ratios, 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose (FDG) uptake, mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in the colon. Aronia berry also suppressed systemic inflammation evidenced by lower FDG uptake in the spleen, liver, and lung. Colitis induced increased colon malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased colon glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, reduced glutathione (rGSH) level, and suppressed expression of antioxidant enzymes in the colon and mesenteric lymph node (MLN). Aronia berry upregulated expression of antioxidant enzymes, prevented colitis-associated depletion of rGSH, and maintained GPx activity. Moreover, Aronia berry modulated mitochondria-specific antioxidant activity and decreased splenic mitochondrial H2O2 production in colitic mice. Thus, Aronia berry consumption inhibits oxidative stress in the colon during T cell transfer colitis because of its multifaceted antioxidant function in both the cytosol and mitochondria of immunocytes.
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Dietary Prevention of Colitis by Aronia Berry is Mediated Through Increased Th17 and Treg.
Molecular nutrition & food research, 2018Co-Authors: Ruisong Pei, Derek A. Martin, Joan A. Smyth, Zhenhua Liu, Jonathan C. Valdez, Jiyuan Liu, Robert L. Kerby, Federico E. Rey, Bradley W. BollingAbstract:Scope Increased fruit consumption is associated with reduced risk of colitis. It has been investigated whether the anti-colitic effects of the polyphenol-rich Aronia berry (Aronia mitschurinii 'Viking') are mediated through Th17 and Treg. Methods and results Colitis is induced in recombinase activating gene-1 deficient mice injected with syngeneic CD4+ CD62L+ naive T cells. Mice consume either 4.5% w/w Aronia-berry-supplemented or a control diet concurrent with T cell transfer. The extent of colitis and immunocyte populations are evaluated at weeks 3 to 7 after transfer. Aronia consumption prevents colitic wasting and reduces colon weight/length ratios relative to the control diet at weeks 5 and 7. Compared to the control diet, Aronia feeding increases Treg in mesenteric lymph node at all colitis stages. Treg and regulatory Th17 subpopulations (IL-17A+ IL-10+ and IL-17A+ IL-22+ ) are increased in lamina propria and spleen at week 5 in Aronia-fed mice. Aronia feeding also decreases total CD4+ cells but increases colonic Tregs. The ability of Aronia to modulate colonic cytokines is associated with functional T cell IL-10 and increased diversity of microbiota. Conclusions Aronia berry consumption inhibits adoptive transfer colitis by increasing Treg and regulatory Th17 cells. Dietary modulation of T cells is dynamic and precedes colitic wasting.
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Harvest date affects Aronia juice polyphenols, sugars, and antioxidant activity, but not anthocyanin stability.
Food chemistry, 2015Co-Authors: Bradley W. Bolling, Rod Taheri, Ruisong Pei, Sarah Kranz, Shelley N. Durocher, Mark H BrandAbstract:Abstract The goal of this work was to characterize how the date of harvest of ‘Viking’ Aronia berry impacts juice pigmentation, sugars, and antioxidant activity. Aronia juice anthocyanins doubled at the fifth week of the harvest, and then decreased. Juice hydroxycinnamic acids decreased 33% from the first week, while proanthocyanidins increased 64%. Juice fructose and glucose plateaued at the fourth week, but sorbitol increased 40% to the seventh harvest week. Aronia juice pigment density increased due to anthocyanin concentration, and polyphenol copigmentation did not significantly affect juice pigmentation. Anthocyanin stability at pH 4.5 was similar between weeks. However, addition of quercetin, sorbitol, and chlorogenic acid to Aronia anthocyanins inhibited pH-induced loss of color. Sorbitol and citric acid may be partially responsible for weekly variation in antioxidant activity, as addition of these agents inhibited DPPH scavenging 13–30%. Thus, Aronia polyphenol and non-polyphenol components contribute to its colorant and antioxidant functionality.
Curtis L. Weller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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High pressure processing (HPP) of Aronia berry puree: Pilot scale processing and a shelf-life study
Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2018Co-Authors: Bo Yuan, Mary-grace C. Danao, Steven A. Weier, Jayne Stratton, Curtis L. WellerAbstract:Abstract Aronia berry puree was subjected to 400 and 600 MPa, 5 min high pressure processing (HPP) and then microbial shelf-life and quality changes of Aronia puree during 8-week refrigerated storage were evaluated. HPP reduced the aerobic plate counts (APC) significantly and APC changed insignificantly during the 8-week storage. HPP completely inactivated yeasts and molds, and no regrowth was observed during 8-week storage. In contrast, yeasts in untreated puree increased from 4.7 to 6.1 log CFU/g. Physicochemical properties, total phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of Aronia puree had insignificant changes right after HPP and during 8-week refrigerated storage. Total anthocyanin content of untreated samples and those treated at 400 MPa decreased continuously during the storage. HPP, especially processing at 600 MPa for 5 min, could be an effective preservation technique for microbial population reduction, quality retention, and shelf-life extension of Aronia puree. Industrial relevance The growing demand for minimal processed and antioxidant-rich Aronia berry products has stimulated the interest of food industry. Industrial sector demands methods to extend the microbial shelf-life and maintain its quality and nutritional values of Aronia berry products during refrigerated storage. The results of this study demonstrated that HPP is effective in extending the microbial shelf-life, maintaining the quality and preserving the bioactive antioxidants of Aronia berry puree during 8 weeks of refrigerated storage.
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High pressure processing (HPP) of Aronia berry purée: Effects on physicochemical properties, microbial counts, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacities
Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies, 2018Co-Authors: Bo Yuan, Mary-grace C. Danao, Steven A. Weier, Jayne Stratton, Curtis L. WellerAbstract:Abstract The effect of high pressure processing (HPP) at 200 to 600 MPa for 2.5 or 5 min on physicochemical properties (color, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids content/TSSC, pulp content, particle size distribution, and viscosity), microbial counts (aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold counts), bioactive compounds (total phenolic and anthocyanin contents), and antioxidant capacities (DPPH radical scavenging capacity and ferric reducing antioxidant power) of Aronia berry puree were investigated. All measurements were compared between HPP treated and untreated purees. TSSC and viscosity decreased significantly when pressurized above 400 MPa for 2.5 min and at all HPP conditions, respectively. Other physicochemical properties changed insignificantly after HPP. Pressurization at 400 and 600 MPa both effectively reduced yeasts and molds to below 1 log CFU/g, and reduced aerobic bacteria to Industrial relevance Puree is a feasible form of Aronia berry used as food product, considering the astringent taste of whole Aronia berry. The results of this study suggest that HPP will significantly reduce the microbial counts of Aronia berry puree, while retaining antioxidant capacities and most physicochemical properties of Aronia berry puree. The outcomes could help the food industry apply HPP to the commercial production of Aronia berry puree-based food products to meet the quality standards with safety ensured.
