Arthropod

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Gina M Wimp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plant genetics predicts intra annual variation in phytochemistry and Arthropod community structure
    Molecular Ecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Stuart C Wooley, William P Young, Randy K Bangert, Gina M Wimp, Gregory D Martinsen, Paul Keim, Brian J Rehill
    Abstract:

    : With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and Arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and Arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and Arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and Arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to Arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden Arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living Arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season Arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to Arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects Arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured.

  • Plant genetics predicts intra‐annual variation in phytochemistry and Arthropod community structure
    Molecular Ecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Gina M Wimp, Stuart C Wooley, William P Young, Randy K Bangert, Brian J Rehill, Gregory D Martinsen, Richard L Lindroth, Paul Keim, Thomas G. Whitham
    Abstract:

    : With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and Arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and Arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and Arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and Arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to Arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden Arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living Arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season Arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to Arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects Arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured.

Brian J Rehill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plant genetics predicts intra annual variation in phytochemistry and Arthropod community structure
    Molecular Ecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Stuart C Wooley, William P Young, Randy K Bangert, Gina M Wimp, Gregory D Martinsen, Paul Keim, Brian J Rehill
    Abstract:

    : With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and Arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and Arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and Arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and Arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to Arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden Arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living Arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season Arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to Arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects Arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured.

  • Plant genetics predicts intra‐annual variation in phytochemistry and Arthropod community structure
    Molecular Ecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Gina M Wimp, Stuart C Wooley, William P Young, Randy K Bangert, Brian J Rehill, Gregory D Martinsen, Richard L Lindroth, Paul Keim, Thomas G. Whitham
    Abstract:

    : With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and Arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and Arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and Arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and Arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to Arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden Arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living Arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season Arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to Arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects Arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured.

Stuart C Wooley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plant genetics predicts intra annual variation in phytochemistry and Arthropod community structure
    Molecular Ecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Stuart C Wooley, William P Young, Randy K Bangert, Gina M Wimp, Gregory D Martinsen, Paul Keim, Brian J Rehill
    Abstract:

    : With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and Arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and Arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and Arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and Arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to Arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden Arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living Arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season Arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to Arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects Arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured.

  • Plant genetics predicts intra‐annual variation in phytochemistry and Arthropod community structure
    Molecular Ecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Gina M Wimp, Stuart C Wooley, William P Young, Randy K Bangert, Brian J Rehill, Gregory D Martinsen, Richard L Lindroth, Paul Keim, Thomas G. Whitham
    Abstract:

    : With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and Arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and Arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and Arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and Arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to Arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden Arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living Arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season Arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to Arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects Arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured.

Randy K Bangert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • plant genetics predicts intra annual variation in phytochemistry and Arthropod community structure
    Molecular Ecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Stuart C Wooley, William P Young, Randy K Bangert, Gina M Wimp, Gregory D Martinsen, Paul Keim, Brian J Rehill
    Abstract:

    : With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and Arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and Arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and Arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and Arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to Arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden Arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living Arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season Arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to Arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects Arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured.

  • Plant genetics predicts intra‐annual variation in phytochemistry and Arthropod community structure
    Molecular Ecology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Gina M Wimp, Stuart C Wooley, William P Young, Randy K Bangert, Brian J Rehill, Gregory D Martinsen, Richard L Lindroth, Paul Keim, Thomas G. Whitham
    Abstract:

    : With the emerging field of community genetics, it is important to quantify the key mechanisms that link genetics and community structure. We studied cottonwoods in common gardens and in natural stands and examined the potential for plant chemistry to be a primary mechanism linking plant genetics and Arthropod communities. If plant chemistry drives the relationship between plant genetics and Arthropod community structure, then several predictions followed. We would find (i) the strongest correlation between plant genetic composition and chemical composition; (ii) an intermediate correlation between plant chemical composition and Arthropod community composition; and (iii) the weakest relationship between plant genetic composition and Arthropod community composition. Our results supported our first prediction: plant genetics and chemistry had the strongest correlation in the common garden and the wild. Our results largely supported our second prediction, but varied across space, seasonally, and according to Arthropod feeding group. Plant chemistry played a larger role in structuring common garden Arthropod communities relative to wild communities, free-living Arthropods relative to leaf and stem modifiers, and early-season relative to late-season Arthropods. Our results did not support our last prediction, as host plant genetics was at least as tightly linked to Arthropod community structure as plant chemistry, if not more so. Our results demonstrate the consistency of the relationship between plant genetics and biodiversity. Additionally, plant chemistry can be an important mechanism by which plant genetics affects Arthropod community composition, but other genetic-based factors are likely involved that remain to be measured.

Gregory D. Edgecombe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Phylogeny and Evolutionary History of Arthropods
    Current Biology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Gonzalo Giribet, Gregory D. Edgecombe
    Abstract:

    Arthropods are the most diverse animal phylum, and their phylogenetic relationships have been debated for centuries. With the advent of molecular phylogenetics, Arthropods were found to be monophyletic and placed within a clade of molting animals, the ecdysozoans, with nematodes and six other phyla. Molecular phylogenetics also provided a new framework for relationships between the major Arthropod groups, such as the clade Pancrustacea, which comprises insects and crustaceans. Phylogenomics based on second-generation genomics and transcriptomics has further resolved puzzles such as the exact position of myriapods or the closest crustacean relatives of hexapods. It is now broadly recognized that extant Arthropods are split into chelicerates and mandibulates, and relationships within the two mandibulate clades (myriapods and pancrustaceans) are stabilizing. Notably, the phylogeny of insects is now understood with considerable confidence, whereas relationships among chelicerate orders remain poorly resolved. The evolutionary history of Arthropods is illuminated by a rich record of fossils, often with exquisite preservation, but current analyses conflict over whether certain fossil groups are stem- or crown-group Arthropods. Molecular time-trees calibrated with fossils estimate the origins of Arthropods to be in the Ediacaran, while most other deep nodes date to the Cambrian. The earliest stem-group Arthropods were lobopodians, worm-like animals with annulated appendages. Confidently placing some key extinct clades on the Arthropod tree of life may require less ambiguous interpretation of fossil structures and better integration of morphological data into the phylogeny.

  • Origins and early evolution of Arthropods
    Palaeontology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Gregory D. Edgecombe, David A. Legg
    Abstract:

    Phylogenomics reconstructs an Arthropod tree in which a monophyletic Arthropoda splits into Pycnogonida + Euchelicerata and Myriapoda + Pancrustacea. The same chelicerate–mandibulate groups are retrieved with morphological data sets, including those encompassing most taxa known from Palaeozoic Konservat-Lagerstatten. With respect to the interrelationships of the three extant clades of PanArthropoda, a sister group relationship between Onychophora and Arthropoda is endorsed by transcriptomics and microRNAs, although this hypothesis forces homoplasy in characters of the segmental ganglia that are shared by tardigrades and Arthropods. Cambrian lobopodians, dinocaridids, bivalved Arthropods and fuxianhuiids document the successive appearance of characteristic Arthropod features in the stem lineage of EuArthropoda (crown-group Arthropods). Molecular dating suggests that Arthropods had their origin and initial diversification in the Ediacaran, but no convincing palaeontological evidence for PanArthropoda is available until the earliest Cambrian.

  • chelicerate neural ground pattern in a cambrian great appendage Arthropod
    Nature, 2013
    Co-Authors: Gengo Tanaka, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Nicholas J. Strausfeld
    Abstract:

    Cambrian great appendage Arthropods had heads that bore a claw-like appendage pair; neuroanatomical and phylogenetic analysis of a well-preserved Alalcomenaeus fossil reveals the relationship of great appendage Arthropods to Chelicerata. 'Great appendage' Arthropods are extinct jointed-legged creatures from the Cambrian period equipped with often large claw-like appendages of an arrangement not seen in modern Arthropods. Their evolutionary relationships are much debated. Gregory Edgecombe and colleagues use micro-computed tomography to reconstruct the neuroanatomy of Alalcomenaeus, an exquisitely preserved great-appendage Arthropod from China. Several characters of the nervous system are uniquely shared with the chelicerates — spiders, scorpions, mites and horseshoe crabs — placing the fossils firmly on the Arthropod tree and demonstrating that chelicerate neuroanatomy had evolved by 520 million years ago. Preservation of neural tissue in early Cambrian Arthropods has recently been demonstrated1, to a degree that segmental structures of the head can be associated with individual brain neuromeres. This association provides novel data for addressing long-standing controversies about the segmental identities of specialized head appendages in fossil taxa2,3. Here we document neuroanatomy in the head and trunk of a ‘great appendage’ Arthropod, Alalcomenaeus sp., from the Chengjiang biota, southwest China, providing the most complete neuroanatomical profile known from a Cambrian animal. Micro-computed tomography reveals a configuration of one optic neuropil separate from a protocerebrum contiguous with four head ganglia, succeeded by eight contiguous ganglia in an eleven-segment trunk. Arrangements of optic neuropils, the brain and ganglia correspond most closely to the nervous system of Chelicerata of all extant Arthropods, supporting the assignment of ‘great appendage’ Arthropods to the chelicerate total group4,5. The position of the deutocerebral neuromere aligns with the insertion of the great appendage, indicating its deutocerebral innervation and corroborating a homology between the ‘great appendage’ and chelicera indicated by morphological similarities4,6,7. Alalcomenaeus and Fuxianhuia protensa1 demonstrate that the two main configurations of the brain observed in modern Arthropods, those of Chelicerata and Mandibulata, respectively8, had evolved by the early Cambrian.

  • Arthropod fossil data increase congruence of morphological and molecular phylogenies
    Nature Communications, 2013
    Co-Authors: Mark D Sutton, David A. Legg, Gregory D. Edgecombe
    Abstract:

    The phylogenetic relationship among different Arthropod groups remains unclear. Here Legg et al. present a refined Arthropoda phylogeny based on extinct and extant data, in which Crustacea is paraphyletic with respect to Hexapoda.

  • Arthropod phylogeny an overview from the perspectives of morphology molecular data and the fossil record
    Arthropod Structure & Development, 2010
    Co-Authors: Gregory D. Edgecombe
    Abstract:

    Abstract Monophyly of Arthropoda is emphatically supported from both morphological and molecular perspectives. Recent work finds Onychophora rather than Tardigrada to be the closest relatives of Arthropods. The status of tardigrades as panArthropods (rather than cycloneuralians) is contentious from the perspective of phylogenomic data. A grade of Cambrian taxa in the Arthropod stem group includes gilled lobopodians, dinocaridids (e.g., anomalocaridids), fuxianhuiids and canadaspidids that inform on character acquisition between Onychophora and the Arthropod crown group. A sister group relationship between Crustacea (itself likely paraphyletic) and Hexapoda is retrieved by diverse kinds of molecular data and is well supported by neuroanatomy. This clade, Tetraconata, can be dated to the early Cambrian by crown group-type mandibles. The rival Atelocerata hypothesis (Myriapoda + Hexapoda) has no molecular support. The basal node in the Arthropod crown group is embroiled in a controversy over whether myriapods unite with chelicerates (Paradoxopoda or Myriochelata) or with crustaceans and hexapods (Mandibulata). Both groups find some molecular and morphological support, though Mandibulata is presently the stronger morphological hypothesis. Either hypothesis forces an unsampled ghost lineage for Myriapoda from the Cambrian to the mid Silurian.