The Experts below are selected from a list of 88563 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
George M. Peavy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonlinear Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Articular Cartilage
Frontiers in Optics, 2005Co-Authors: Alvin T. Yeh, Marie J. Hammer-wilson, David C. Van Sickle, Hilary P. Benton, Aikaterini Zoumi, Bruce J. Tromberg, George M. PeavyAbstract:Nonlinear optical microscopy is used to image living Articular Cartilage in situ without exogenous stains or dyes. Endogenous nonlinear optical signals may be used for image segmentation and to evaluate Articular Cartilage matrix health.
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Nonlinear optical microscopy of Articular Cartilage
Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 2005Co-Authors: Alvin T. Yeh, Marie J. Hammer-wilson, David C. Van Sickle, Hilary P. Benton, Aikaterini Zoumi, Bruce J. Tromberg, George M. PeavyAbstract:Summary Objective To assess the ability of nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) to image ex vivo healthy and degenerative bovine Articular Cartilage. Method Fresh bovine femoral–tibial joints were obtained from an abattoir. Articular Cartilage specimens were harvested from the tibial plateau. Normal and degenerative specimens were imaged by NLOM and subsequently fixed and processed for histological examination. Results NLOM provided high resolution images of Articular Cartilage at varying depths with high sensitivity to tissue morphology and high specificity to tissue components without fixing, sectioning or staining. Spectroscopic segmentation of nonlinear optical signals isolated the collagen matrix from the chondron (chondrocyte and non-collagen pericellular matrix). Images from the superficial zone were consistent with the presence of a matrix composed of both elastin-like and collagen fibers distributed in a depth-dependent morphological arrangement, whereas only collagen was demonstrated in the middle and deep zones. Alterations of collagen matrix associated with advanced degenerative joint disease (fibroCartilage) were observed with NLOM. Individual chondrocytes were imaged and demonstrated intracellular fluorescence consistent with the presence of products of intracellular biochemical processes. Conclusion Thin images of living Articular Cartilage using NLOM may be obtained with (sub-)cellular resolution at varying depths without fixing, sectioning or staining. Extracellular matrical collagen and chondron may be imaged separately in native tissue using spectrally distinct, endogenous, nonlinear optical signals. NLOM was sensitive to macromolecular composition and pathologic changes in Articular Cartilage matrix. Advances in instrumentation may lead to the application of NLOM to study Articular Cartilage in vivo .
David G. Disler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clinical imaging of Articular Cartilage in the knee.
Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas R. Mccauley, Michael P. Recht, David G. DislerAbstract:Assessment of Articular Cartilage has become an essential part of magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation of the knee. This has occurred because of recent advances in treatment along with improved accuracy of MR image evaluation of Articular Cartilage. Detection of Articular Cartilage defects can provide an explanation for symptoms and allow identification of patients for Cartilage therapy and is an important factor for predicting prognosis of patients with knee injury. This review describes the most easily implemented MR techniques for evaluation of Articular Cartilage and the normal and abnormal appearance of Cartilage seen using these techniques. The influence of imaging findings on treatment is described.
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Magnetic resonance imaging of Articular Cartilage of the knee.
The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas R. Mccauley, David G. DislerAbstract:Recently developed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques allow accurate detection of moderate- and high-grade Articular Cartilage defects. There has been increased interest in MR imaging of Articular Cartilage in part because it is useful in identifying patients who may benefit from new Articular Cartilage replacement therapies, including chondrocyte transplantation, improved techniques for osteochondral transplantation, chondroprotective agents, and Cartilage growth stimulation factors. The modality also has the potential to play an important role in the follow-up of patients during and after treatment. Detection of Articular Cartilage defects is beneficial for patients undergoing arthroscopy for other injuries, such as meniscal tears, because the presence of Articular Cartilage injury worsens prognosis and may modify therapy options. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001;9:2-8
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MR imaging of Articular Cartilage.
Skeletal radiology, 2000Co-Authors: David G. Disler, Michael P. Recht, Thomas R. MccauleyAbstract:With the advent of new treatments for Articular Cartilage disorders, accurate noninvasive assessment of Articular Cartilage, pArticularly with MR imaging, has become important. Understanding the MR imaging features of Articular Cartilage has led to the development of two types of routinely available MR imaging techniques which have demonstrated clinical accuracy and interobserver reliability.
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Clinical magnetic resonance imaging of Articular Cartilage.
Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI, 1998Co-Authors: David G. Disler, Thomas R. MccauleyAbstract:Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of Articular Cartilage has recently become of intense interest because of new developments in the treatment of Articular Cartilage injury. Recent advances in MR imaging technology has allowed the development of imaging sequences tailored to the assessment of Articular Cartilage. Several clinical studies have validated the accuracy and reliability of high-resolution, fat-suppressed, three-dimensional, spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging in the assessment of Articular Cartilage defects of the knee. The use of other MR imaging techniques is evolving, including the use of fast spin-echo imaging and anionic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. This article describes the background and rationale to MR imaging of Articular Cartilage and focuses on its clinical application. Because the knee has been the focus of most research in Articular Cartilage imaging, the discussion in this article will be largely restricted to this joint.
Kyriacos A Athanasiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The role of tissue engineering in Articular Cartilage repair and regeneration
Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2009Co-Authors: Liangpei Zhang, Jun Hu, Kyriacos A AthanasiouAbstract:Articular Cartilage repair and regeneration continue to be largely intractable because of the poor regenerative properties of this tissue. The field of Articular Cartilage tissue engineering, which aims to repair, regenerate, and/or improve injured or diseased Articular Cartilage functionality, has evoked intense interest and holds great potential for improving Articular Cartilage therapy. This review provides an overall description of the current state of and progress in Articular Cartilage repair and regeneration. Traditional therapies and related problems are introduced. More importantly, a variety of promising cell sources, biocompatible tissue engineered scaffolds, scaffoldless techniques, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli used in current Articular Cartilage tissue engineering are reviewed. Finally, the technical and regulatory challenges of Articular Cartilage tissue engineering and possible future directions are also discussed.
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the role of tissue engineering in Articular Cartilage repair and regeneration
Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering, 2009Co-Authors: Lijie Zhang, Jerry C. Hu, Kyriacos A AthanasiouAbstract:Articular Cartilage repair and regeneration continue to be largely intractable due to the poor regenerative properties of this tissue. The field of Articular Cartilage tissue engineering, which aims to repair, regenerate, and/or improve injured or diseased Articular Cartilage functionality, has evoked intense interest and holds great potential for improving Articular Cartilage therapy. This review provides an overall description of the current state and progress in Articular Cartilage repair and regeneration. Traditional therapies and related problems are introduced. More importantly, a variety of promising cell sources, biocompatible tissue engineered scaffolds, scaffoldless techniques, growth factors, and mechanical stimuli used in current Articular Cartilage tissue engineering are reviewed. Finally, the technical and regulatory challenges of Articular Cartilage tissue engineering and possible future directions are discussed.
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a self assembling process in Articular Cartilage tissue engineering
Tissue Engineering, 2006Co-Authors: Jerry C. Hu, Kyriacos A AthanasiouAbstract:Current therapies for Articular Cartilage defects often result in fibrocartilaginous tissue. To achieve regeneration with hyaline Articular Cartilage, tissue-engineering approaches employing cell-s...
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Mechanical impact and Articular Cartilage.
Critical reviews in biomedical engineering, 2006Co-Authors: C. Corey Scott, Kyriacos A AthanasiouAbstract:Mechanical impact forces on Articular Cartilage can cause substantial damage. Car accidents, falls, and sports injuries have a tremendous effect on the U.S. and world populations, both in terms of economic and quality of life costs. While the effects of impact forces are known to be damaging, tolerance levels of Cartilage to these forces and the mechanobiologic sequelae are still mostly unknown. Impact studies can be difficult to compare to each other due to the complex array of mechanical factors that are involved in a single impact. Previous work includes mathematical models, acute effects of impact, and in vivo and explant models of impact. These experiments have found that Articular Cartilage has a threshold above which impact forces are damaging, though this threshold is likely dependent on many factors, both genetic and environmental. This type of damage has been shown to vary according to the severity of the impact, from leaving the Articular Cartilage surface intact to fracture of the subchondral bone. Some studies have initiated investigations into ways to ameliorate the injurious response to impact, which may allow some patients to avoid the ensuing Cartilage degeneration and osteoarthritis. Much work remains to be performed in understanding the genetic and biochemical response to impact. The goal of this research is to eventually decrease the incidence of posttraumatic arthritis and possibly even delay primary osteoarthritis, which can be achieved by using a robust testing design that includes morphological, biomechanical, quantitative biochemical, and genetic characterization of a model system for Articular Cartilage impact. This model system can then be used to test treatments to prevent degenerative changes in Articular Cartilage.
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basic science of Articular Cartilage repair
Clinics in Sports Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Kyriacos A Athanasiou, Amita R Shah, Jason R Hernandez, Richard G LebaronAbstract:Although highly desirable, functional restoration of diseased and damaged human Articular Cartilage continues to remain one of the most challenging orthopaedic problems. The clinical outcomes of treatments that are intended to promote successful and complete repair of full- and partial-thickness Articular Cartilage defects essentially remain unpredictable. One of the most exciting theories is that replacement of damaged Articular Cartilage can be achievable with ex vivo produced Cartilage. This is a tissue engineering approach that promises functional restoration of Cartilage defects using scaffolds, cells, and bioactive agents. Tissue engineering of Articular Cartilage represents an exciting direction in the efforts to solve the complex problem of Cartilage regeneration. The ex vivo fabrication of Cartilage constructs is central in addressing this complex problem in a cogent manner. An accurate delivery system for ex vivo cells has generated great interest. Biodegradable polymer scaffolds of polyglycolic acid material, seeded with Articular chondrocytes, support ex vivo genesis of a cartilaginous extracellular matrix, especially when scaffolds are maintained in a system that delivers precise medium composition, supplements, and flow rate. 23 , 27 This article discusses selected techniques that have been employed to improve the repair potential of Articular Cartilage, ranging from conventional cell culture to use of complex bioreactors. A treatment regimen that promises consistently good clinical results would constitute an enormous advancement in musculoskeletal surgery.
Alvin T. Yeh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Nonlinear Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Articular Cartilage
Frontiers in Optics, 2005Co-Authors: Alvin T. Yeh, Marie J. Hammer-wilson, David C. Van Sickle, Hilary P. Benton, Aikaterini Zoumi, Bruce J. Tromberg, George M. PeavyAbstract:Nonlinear optical microscopy is used to image living Articular Cartilage in situ without exogenous stains or dyes. Endogenous nonlinear optical signals may be used for image segmentation and to evaluate Articular Cartilage matrix health.
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Nonlinear optical microscopy of Articular Cartilage
Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 2005Co-Authors: Alvin T. Yeh, Marie J. Hammer-wilson, David C. Van Sickle, Hilary P. Benton, Aikaterini Zoumi, Bruce J. Tromberg, George M. PeavyAbstract:Summary Objective To assess the ability of nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) to image ex vivo healthy and degenerative bovine Articular Cartilage. Method Fresh bovine femoral–tibial joints were obtained from an abattoir. Articular Cartilage specimens were harvested from the tibial plateau. Normal and degenerative specimens were imaged by NLOM and subsequently fixed and processed for histological examination. Results NLOM provided high resolution images of Articular Cartilage at varying depths with high sensitivity to tissue morphology and high specificity to tissue components without fixing, sectioning or staining. Spectroscopic segmentation of nonlinear optical signals isolated the collagen matrix from the chondron (chondrocyte and non-collagen pericellular matrix). Images from the superficial zone were consistent with the presence of a matrix composed of both elastin-like and collagen fibers distributed in a depth-dependent morphological arrangement, whereas only collagen was demonstrated in the middle and deep zones. Alterations of collagen matrix associated with advanced degenerative joint disease (fibroCartilage) were observed with NLOM. Individual chondrocytes were imaged and demonstrated intracellular fluorescence consistent with the presence of products of intracellular biochemical processes. Conclusion Thin images of living Articular Cartilage using NLOM may be obtained with (sub-)cellular resolution at varying depths without fixing, sectioning or staining. Extracellular matrical collagen and chondron may be imaged separately in native tissue using spectrally distinct, endogenous, nonlinear optical signals. NLOM was sensitive to macromolecular composition and pathologic changes in Articular Cartilage matrix. Advances in instrumentation may lead to the application of NLOM to study Articular Cartilage in vivo .
Thomas R. Mccauley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Clinical imaging of Articular Cartilage in the knee.
Seminars in musculoskeletal radiology, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas R. Mccauley, Michael P. Recht, David G. DislerAbstract:Assessment of Articular Cartilage has become an essential part of magnetic resonance (MR) evaluation of the knee. This has occurred because of recent advances in treatment along with improved accuracy of MR image evaluation of Articular Cartilage. Detection of Articular Cartilage defects can provide an explanation for symptoms and allow identification of patients for Cartilage therapy and is an important factor for predicting prognosis of patients with knee injury. This review describes the most easily implemented MR techniques for evaluation of Articular Cartilage and the normal and abnormal appearance of Cartilage seen using these techniques. The influence of imaging findings on treatment is described.
-
Magnetic resonance imaging of Articular Cartilage of the knee.
The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 2001Co-Authors: Thomas R. Mccauley, David G. DislerAbstract:Recently developed magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques allow accurate detection of moderate- and high-grade Articular Cartilage defects. There has been increased interest in MR imaging of Articular Cartilage in part because it is useful in identifying patients who may benefit from new Articular Cartilage replacement therapies, including chondrocyte transplantation, improved techniques for osteochondral transplantation, chondroprotective agents, and Cartilage growth stimulation factors. The modality also has the potential to play an important role in the follow-up of patients during and after treatment. Detection of Articular Cartilage defects is beneficial for patients undergoing arthroscopy for other injuries, such as meniscal tears, because the presence of Articular Cartilage injury worsens prognosis and may modify therapy options. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2001;9:2-8
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MR imaging of Articular Cartilage.
Skeletal radiology, 2000Co-Authors: David G. Disler, Michael P. Recht, Thomas R. MccauleyAbstract:With the advent of new treatments for Articular Cartilage disorders, accurate noninvasive assessment of Articular Cartilage, pArticularly with MR imaging, has become important. Understanding the MR imaging features of Articular Cartilage has led to the development of two types of routinely available MR imaging techniques which have demonstrated clinical accuracy and interobserver reliability.
-
Clinical magnetic resonance imaging of Articular Cartilage.
Topics in magnetic resonance imaging : TMRI, 1998Co-Authors: David G. Disler, Thomas R. MccauleyAbstract:Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of Articular Cartilage has recently become of intense interest because of new developments in the treatment of Articular Cartilage injury. Recent advances in MR imaging technology has allowed the development of imaging sequences tailored to the assessment of Articular Cartilage. Several clinical studies have validated the accuracy and reliability of high-resolution, fat-suppressed, three-dimensional, spoiled gradient-recalled MR imaging in the assessment of Articular Cartilage defects of the knee. The use of other MR imaging techniques is evolving, including the use of fast spin-echo imaging and anionic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging. This article describes the background and rationale to MR imaging of Articular Cartilage and focuses on its clinical application. Because the knee has been the focus of most research in Articular Cartilage imaging, the discussion in this article will be largely restricted to this joint.
