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Maria Helena Pelegrinelli Fungaro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of Aspergillus nomius in bees visiting brazil nut flowers
Microbes and Environments, 2015Co-Authors: Fernanda Pelisson Massi, Marcelo Casimiro Cavalcante, Helena Viaro, Larissa De Souza Ferranti, Josué José Da Silva, Rafael Elias Silva Penha, Maria Helena Pelegrinelli FungaroAbstract:We designed a primer pair (BtubNomF/BtubNomR) specifically for amplifying Aspergillus nomius DNA. In vitro assays confirmed BtubNomF/BtubNomR specificity, corroborating its usefulness in detecting and identifying A. nomius. We then investigated the occurrence of A. nomius in floral visitors of Bertholletia excelsa trees by means of PCR, and A. nomius was detected in the following bees: Xylocopa frontalis, Bombus transversalis, Centris denudans, C. ferruginea, and Epicharis flava. The presence of A. nomius in bees visiting Brazil nuts opens up new avenues for obtaining novel insights into the process whereby Brazil nuts are contaminated by aflatoxin-producing fungi.
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identification of Aspergillus nomius in floral visitors of brazil nuts
XII Latin American Congress on Food Microbiology and Hygiene, 2014Co-Authors: Fernanda Pelisson Massi, Helena Viaro, Marcelo Casimiro, Larissa De Souza Ferranti, Josué José Da Silva, Rafael Elias Silva Penha, Maria Helena Pelegrinelli FungaroAbstract:Fernanda Massi, Rafael Penha, Marcelo Casimiro, Helena Viaro, Josue Silva, Larissa Ferranti, Maria Helena Fungaro.Identification of Aspergillus nomius in Floral Visitors of Brazil Nuts. In: Anais do 12o Congresso Latinoamericano de Microbiologia e Higiene de Alimentos MICROAL 2014 [= Blucher Food Science Proceedings, num.1, vol.1]. Sao Paulo: Editora Blucher, 2014. DOI 10.5151/foodsci-microal-071 Identification of Aspergillus nomius in Floral Visitors of Brazil Nuts
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Brazil nuts are subject to infection with B and G aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus pseudonomius
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Fernanda Pelisson Massi, Maria Lucia Cameiro Vieira, Carla De Freitas Munhoz, Josué Maldonado Ferreira, Daniele Sartori, Rafael Elias Silva Penha, Jens Christian Frisvad, Maria Helena Pelegrinelli FungaroAbstract:Abstract The exploitation of the Brazil nut is one of the most important activities of the extractive communities of the Amazon rainforest. However, its commercialization can be affected by the presence of aflatoxins produced by fungi, namely Aspergillus section Flavi. In the present study, we investigated a collection of Aspergillus nomius strains isolated from Brazil nuts using different approaches, including morphological characters, RAPD and AFLP profiles, partial β-tubulin and calmodulin nucleotide sequences, aflatoxin patterns, as well as tolerance to low water activity in cultured media. Results showed that most of the isolates do belong to A. nomius species, but a few were re-identified as Aspergillus pseudonomius, a very recently described species. The results of the analyses of molecular variance, as well as the high pairwise FST values between A. nomius and A. pseudonomius suggested the isolation between these two species and the inexistence of gene flow. Fixed interspecific nucleotide polymorphisms at β-tubulin and calmodulin loci are presented. All A. pseudonomius strains analyzed produced aflatoxins AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2. This study contains the first-ever report on the occurrence in Brazil nuts of A. pseudonomius. The G-type aflatoxins and the mycotoxin tenuazonic acid are reported here for the first time in A. pseudonomius.
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the biodiversity of Aspergillus section flavi in brazil nuts from rainforest to consumer
International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Thaiane Ortolan Calderari, Maria Helena Pelegrinelli Fungaro, Daniele Sartori, Jens Christian Frisvad, Beatriz T Iamanaka, John I Pitt, Jose Luiz Rezende Pereira, Marta Hiromi TaniwakiAbstract:A total of 288 brazil nut samples (173 kernel and 115 shell) from the Amazon rainforest region and Sao Paulo State, Brazil were collected at different stages of brazil nut production. Samples were analysed for: percentages of aflatoxigenic fungal species and potential for aflatoxin production and presence of aflatoxins. Aspergillus nomius was the most common species found (1235 isolates) which amounted to 30% of the total species with potential to produce aflatoxins. This species is of concern since 100% of all isolates produced aflatoxins B(1), B(2), G(1) and G(2). Aspergillus flavus was almost equally common (1212 isolates) although only 46% produced aflatoxins under laboratory conditions, and only aflatoxins B(1) and B(2). Low number of other species with the potential to produce aflatoxins was isolated: Aspergillus arachidicola and Aspergillus bombycis produced B and G aflatoxins whilst Aspergillus pseudotamarii produced only aflatoxin B(1). The total aflatoxin levels found in samples taken from the rainforests was 0.7 μg/kg, from processing plants before and after sorting 8.0 and 0.1 μg/kg respectively, from street markets in the Amazon region 6.3 μg/kg and from supermarkets in Sao Paulo State 0.2 μg/kg. Processing, which included manual or mechanical sorting and drying at 60°C for 30 to 36 h, eliminated on average more than 98% of total aflatoxins. These results showed that sorting is a very effective way to decrease aflatoxin content in brazil nuts.
Benedito Corrêa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of temperature on growth, gene expression, and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus nomius isolated from Brazil nuts
Mycotoxin Research, 2020Co-Authors: Nathália B. S. Yunes, Rodrigo C. Oliveira, Arianne Costa Baquião, Liliana O. Rocha, Tatiana A. Reis, Benedito CorrêaAbstract:Aspergillus nomius is a potent producer of aflatoxins B and G and is one of the most common species of fungi found in Brazil nuts. Temperature is considered a major abiotic factor that influences fungal colonization and aflatoxin production in nuts during pre- and post-harvest. Therefore, assessment of the response of aflatoxigenic species to different temperatures is important to add information about the understanding of aflatoxin production by Aspergillus nomius and may help in the development of new strategies to prevent aflatoxin contamination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature (25, 30, and 35 °C) on the radial growth, aflatoxin production (B and G), and aflatoxin gene expression of seven A. nomius strains isolated from Brazil nuts. The optimal temperature for growth was 30 °C and was also the best condition for the expression of the aflR , aflD , and aflQ genes. However, maximum production of aflatoxins B and G occurred at 25 °C. Interestingly, high expression of the structural gene aflQ was observed in the maximum aflatoxin production condition (25 °C). The present study demonstrates that temperature may influence aflatoxin production by A. nomius . The combination of molecular and physiological data aids the understanding of the aflatoxigenic species response to different temperatures and can assist in predicting the driving environmental factors that influence aflatoxin contamination of Brazil nuts.
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Characterization of Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from organic Brazil nuts using a polyphasic approach.
Food Microbiology, 2014Co-Authors: Tatiana A. Reis, Arianne Costa Baquião, Danielle Diniz Atayde, F. Grabarz, Benedito CorrêaAbstract:Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), an important non-timber forest product from Amazonia, is commercialized in worldwide markets. The main importers of this nut are North America and European countries, where the demand for organic products has grown to meet consumers concerned about food safety. Thus, the precise identification of toxigenic fungi is important because the Brazil nut is susceptible to colonization by these microorganisms. The present study aimed to characterize by polyphasic approach strains of Aspergillus section Flavi from organic Brazil nuts. The results showed Aspergillus flavus as the main species found (74.4%), followed by Aspergillus nomius (12.7%). The potential mycotoxigenic revealed that 80.0% of A. flavus were toxin producers, 14.3% of which produced only aflatoxin B (AFB), 22.85% of which produced only cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), and 42.85% produced both them. All strains of A. nomius were AFB and AFG producers and did not produce CPA. There is no consensus about what Aspergillus species predominates on Brazil nuts. Apparently, the origin, processing, transport and storage conditions of this commodity influence the species that are found. The understanding about population of fungi is essential for the development of viable strategies to control aflatoxins in organic Brazil nuts.
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Polyphasic approach to the identification of Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from Brazil nuts.
Food chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Arianne Costa Baquião, Maitê Martins Melo De Oliveira, Patricia Zorzete, Danielle Diniz Atayde, Tatiana A. Reis, Benedito CorrêaAbstract:The aim of this study was to use a polyphasic approach to identify Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from Brazil nuts collected in the Amazon forest: investigation of macro- and microscopic morphology, production of extrolites, heat-resistance fungi, and sequencing of DNA regions. The following Aspergillus section Flavi species were identified: Aspergillus flavus (75.5%), Aspergillus nomius (22.3%), and Aspergillus parasiticus (2.2%). All A. nomius and A. parasiticus isolates produced aflatoxins B and G, but not cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). A. flavus isolates were more diversified and a high frequency of mycotoxigenic strains was observed. The polyphasic approach permitted the reliable identification of section Flavi species. The rate of mycotoxigenic strains was high (92.7%) and mainly included A. flavus strains producing elevated levels of aflatoxins and CPA. These results highlight the possibility of co-occurrence of both toxins, increasing their potential toxic effect in this commodity.
Anne Puel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inherited card9 deficiency in a patient with both exophiala spinifera and Aspergillus nomius severe infections
Journal of Clinical Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Laura Perez, Alicia Arechavala, Fernando Messina, Matias Oleastro, Ricardo Negroni, Jeanlaurent Casanova, Mélanie Migaud, Jacinta Bustamante, Anne PuelAbstract:PURPOSE: Caspase-associated recruitment domain-9 (CARD9) deficiency is an inborn error of immunity that typically predisposes otherwise healthy patients to single fungal infections and the occurrence of multiple invasive fungal infections is rare. It has been described as the first known condition that predisposes to extrapulmonary Aspergillus infection with preserved lungs. We present a patient that expands the clinical variability of CARD9 deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genetic analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing. Neutrophils and mononuclear phagocyte response to fungal stimulation were evaluated through luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and whole blood production of the proinflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-6, respectively. RESULTS: We report a 56-year-old Argentinean woman, whose invasive Exophiala spinifera infection at the age of 32 years was unexplained and reported in year 2004. At the age of 49 years, she presented with chronic pulmonary disease due to Aspergillus nomius. After partial improvement following treatment with caspofungin and posaconazole, right pulmonary bilobectomy was performed. Despite administration of multiple courses of antifungals, sustained clinical remission could not be achieved. We recently found that the patient's blood showed an impaired production of IL-6 when stimulated with zymosan. We also found that she is homozygous for a previously reported CARD9 loss-of-function mutation (Q289*). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a patient with inherited CARD9 deficiency and chronic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) due to A. nomius. Inherited CARD9 deficiency should be considered in otherwise healthy children and adults with one or more invasive fungal diseases.
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inherited card9 deficiency in a patient with both exophiala spinifera and Aspergillus nomius severe infections
Journal of Clinical Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Laura Perez, Alicia Arechavala, Fernando Messina, Matias Oleastro, Ricardo Negroni, Jeanlaurent Casanova, Mélanie Migaud, Jacinta Bustamante, Anne PuelAbstract:Caspase-associated recruitment domain-9 (CARD9) deficiency is an inborn error of immunity that typically predisposes otherwise healthy patients to single fungal infections and the occurrence of multiple invasive fungal infections is rare. It has been described as the first known condition that predisposes to extrapulmonary Aspergillus infection with preserved lungs. We present a patient that expands the clinical variability of CARD9 deficiency. Genetic analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing. Neutrophils and mononuclear phagocyte response to fungal stimulation were evaluated through luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and whole blood production of the proinflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-6, respectively. We report a 56-year-old Argentinean woman, whose invasive Exophiala spinifera infection at the age of 32 years was unexplained and reported in year 2004. At the age of 49 years, she presented with chronic pulmonary disease due to Aspergillus nomius. After partial improvement following treatment with caspofungin and posaconazole, right pulmonary bilobectomy was performed. Despite administration of multiple courses of antifungals, sustained clinical remission could not be achieved. We recently found that the patient’s blood showed an impaired production of IL-6 when stimulated with zymosan. We also found that she is homozygous for a previously reported CARD9 loss-of-function mutation (Q289*). This is the first report of a patient with inherited CARD9 deficiency and chronic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) due to A. nomius. Inherited CARD9 deficiency should be considered in otherwise healthy children and adults with one or more invasive fungal diseases.
Themis J. Michailides - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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description of a distinctive aflatoxin producing strain of Aspergillus nomius that produces submerged sclerotia
Mycopathologia, 2009Co-Authors: M A Doster, Peter J. Cotty, Themis J. MichailidesAbstract:A new distinctive strain of Aspergillus nomius that produces the potent mycotoxins, aflatoxins, is described from pistachio, pecan, and fig orchards in California. Similar to the typical strain of A. nomius (as represented by the ex-type), the O strain produced both B and G aflatoxins but not cyclopiazonic acid, had similar conidial ornamentation, and grew poorly at 42°C. Furthermore, previous published DNA sequence supports that the new strain is very closely related to the ex-type of A. nomius. However, the O strain differs from the ex-type in several morphological characters. The ex-type was initially described as producing “indeterminate sclerotia” that appear as large (up to 3 mm long) elongated sclerotia on surfaces of media. The O strain produces only small spherical sclerotia (mean diameter <0.3 mm) submerged in the medium. In addition, the O strain has predominantly uniseriate conidial heads, whereas the typical strain of A. nomius has predominantly biseriate heads. The O strain colony color on both Czapek solution agar and Czapek yeast extract agar was more yellowish than the ex-type of A. nomius and other common aflatoxin-producing fungi. Isolates of the O strain reported here from several orchards represent the first report of A. nomius in California.
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Description of a Distinctive Aflatoxin-Producing Strain of Aspergillus nomius that Produces Submerged Sclerotia
Mycopathologia, 2009Co-Authors: M A Doster, Peter J. Cotty, Themis J. MichailidesAbstract:A new distinctive strain of Aspergillus nomius that produces the potent mycotoxins, aflatoxins, is described from pistachio, pecan, and fig orchards in California. Similar to the typical strain of A. nomius (as represented by the ex-type), the O strain produced both B and G aflatoxins but not cyclopiazonic acid, had similar conidial ornamentation, and grew poorly at 42°C. Furthermore, previous published DNA sequence supports that the new strain is very closely related to the ex-type of A. nomius . However, the O strain differs from the ex-type in several morphological characters. The ex-type was initially described as producing “indeterminate sclerotia” that appear as large (up to 3 mm long) elongated sclerotia on surfaces of media. The O strain produces only small spherical sclerotia (mean diameter
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a morphologically distinct strain of Aspergillus nomius
Mycologia, 1998Co-Authors: Toby P Feibelman, M A Doster, Peter J. Cotty, Themis J. MichailidesAbstract:DNA polymorphisms were used to infer relationships of a morphologically distinct new strain of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus to other members of Aspergillus sect. Flavi. The new strain produced both Band G aflatoxins, and differed both morpho logically and physiologically from other aflatoxin pro ducers. Three isolates of the new fungus were com pared with representatives of three known aflatoxin producing species, Regions of the Taka-amylase A, 13 tubulin, calmodulin, and nitrate reductase genes were amplified using PCR and digested with restric tion enzymes. Restriction fragment length polymor phism analysis of all four gene regions indicated that the new Aspergillus isolates are closely related to A. nomius, but are diverged from other' aflatoxin-pro ducing species.
Mélanie Migaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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inherited card9 deficiency in a patient with both exophiala spinifera and Aspergillus nomius severe infections
Journal of Clinical Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Laura Perez, Alicia Arechavala, Fernando Messina, Matias Oleastro, Ricardo Negroni, Jeanlaurent Casanova, Mélanie Migaud, Jacinta Bustamante, Anne PuelAbstract:PURPOSE: Caspase-associated recruitment domain-9 (CARD9) deficiency is an inborn error of immunity that typically predisposes otherwise healthy patients to single fungal infections and the occurrence of multiple invasive fungal infections is rare. It has been described as the first known condition that predisposes to extrapulmonary Aspergillus infection with preserved lungs. We present a patient that expands the clinical variability of CARD9 deficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Genetic analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing. Neutrophils and mononuclear phagocyte response to fungal stimulation were evaluated through luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and whole blood production of the proinflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-6, respectively. RESULTS: We report a 56-year-old Argentinean woman, whose invasive Exophiala spinifera infection at the age of 32 years was unexplained and reported in year 2004. At the age of 49 years, she presented with chronic pulmonary disease due to Aspergillus nomius. After partial improvement following treatment with caspofungin and posaconazole, right pulmonary bilobectomy was performed. Despite administration of multiple courses of antifungals, sustained clinical remission could not be achieved. We recently found that the patient's blood showed an impaired production of IL-6 when stimulated with zymosan. We also found that she is homozygous for a previously reported CARD9 loss-of-function mutation (Q289*). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of a patient with inherited CARD9 deficiency and chronic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) due to A. nomius. Inherited CARD9 deficiency should be considered in otherwise healthy children and adults with one or more invasive fungal diseases.
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inherited card9 deficiency in a patient with both exophiala spinifera and Aspergillus nomius severe infections
Journal of Clinical Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Laura Perez, Alicia Arechavala, Fernando Messina, Matias Oleastro, Ricardo Negroni, Jeanlaurent Casanova, Mélanie Migaud, Jacinta Bustamante, Anne PuelAbstract:Caspase-associated recruitment domain-9 (CARD9) deficiency is an inborn error of immunity that typically predisposes otherwise healthy patients to single fungal infections and the occurrence of multiple invasive fungal infections is rare. It has been described as the first known condition that predisposes to extrapulmonary Aspergillus infection with preserved lungs. We present a patient that expands the clinical variability of CARD9 deficiency. Genetic analysis was performed by Sanger sequencing. Neutrophils and mononuclear phagocyte response to fungal stimulation were evaluated through luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and whole blood production of the proinflammatory mediator interleukin (IL)-6, respectively. We report a 56-year-old Argentinean woman, whose invasive Exophiala spinifera infection at the age of 32 years was unexplained and reported in year 2004. At the age of 49 years, she presented with chronic pulmonary disease due to Aspergillus nomius. After partial improvement following treatment with caspofungin and posaconazole, right pulmonary bilobectomy was performed. Despite administration of multiple courses of antifungals, sustained clinical remission could not be achieved. We recently found that the patient’s blood showed an impaired production of IL-6 when stimulated with zymosan. We also found that she is homozygous for a previously reported CARD9 loss-of-function mutation (Q289*). This is the first report of a patient with inherited CARD9 deficiency and chronic invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) due to A. nomius. Inherited CARD9 deficiency should be considered in otherwise healthy children and adults with one or more invasive fungal diseases.
