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H C Sharma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Host-Plant Resistance to Shoot Fly and Spotted Stem Borer in Sorghum
2015Co-Authors: H C SharmaAbstract:Nearly 150 insect species have been repor ted as pests on sorghum, of which shoot f ly (Atherigona soccata), s t em borer (Chibpar teUus) , a rmy w o r m (Mythimna separata), aphids (Rhopalosiphum maidis, Melanaphis sacchari), shoot bug (Peregrinus maidis), sorghum midge (Stenodiplosis sorghicola), head bug (Calocoris angustatus), and hea
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Insec t Pests About the Authors
2015Co-Authors: H C Sharma, S. L. Taneja, Cereals EntomologistsAbstract:resistance. ISBN 92-9066-213-1. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the most important cereal crops in the semi-arid tropics. Grain yields on peasant farms are generally low, insect pests being one of the major factors limiting production. There are over 150 species which damage sorghum crops, of which sorghum shoot fly (Atherigona soccata), spotted stem borer (Chilopartellus), sorghum midge (Contarinia sorghicola), and head bugs (Calocoris angustatus and Eurtystylus immaculatus) are the major pests worldwide. This bulletin describes techniques to screen for resistance under choice (field) and no-choice (cage) conditions, methods of evaluating insect damage, and the sources of resistance to the major pests. Front cover: Headcage covered with a cloth bag: a technique used to screen for resistance to sorghum midge. Back cover: Field infestation with larvae using the bazooka applicator. ICRISA
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Acknowledgments
2015Co-Authors: H C Sharma, S. L. Taneja, Kameswara N Rao, K Prasada E Rao, Venkateshwara V Rao, K Hareendranath, J G Krishna, J Chari, Raja J Rao, S V NarayanchAbstract:ISBN 92-9066-458-4. Order code IBE 063. Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops in the semi-arid tropics. Nearly 150 insect species have heen reported to damage this crop worldwide, causing an estimated loss of more than US $ 1,000 mil l ion annually. Of these, sorghum shoot fly [Atherigona soccata), stem horers (Chilo partellus, Busseola fusca, and Diatraea spp), sorghum midge [Stenodiplosis sorghicola), and head bugs (Calocoris angustatus and Eurystylus oldi) are the major pests worldwide. Host-plant resistance is one of the most effective means of controll ing insect pests in sorghum. ICRISAT holds 36,700 accessions of the sorghum germplasm from all over the wor ld. Therefore, extensive screening of the sorghum germplasm was undertaken, and several stable sources of resistance to the key insect pests have been identif ied. This information bul let in lists the reactions of the sorghum germplasm accessions to the key pests. This list can be made use of while selecting lines w i t
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Institutional Repository of the ICRISAT (www.icrisat.org)
2015Co-Authors: Peter M. Vijay, Lakshmi Narasu, H C SharmaAbstract:Leaf surface chemicals of sorghum seedlings influence the genotypic resistance to shoot fly, Atherigona soccata C. Siva Kumar 1, 2. H. C. Sharma1
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Inheritance of Resistance to Sorghum Shoot Fly, Atherigona soccata
2015Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, Belum V S Reddy, H C Sharma, Ram Singh, J S NareshAbstract:The sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rond. (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most important pests of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. Most of the sorghum hybrids currently under cultivation are based on cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS). To develop a strategy to develop sorghum hybrids with resistance to shoot fly, we studied the nature of gene action for resistance to this pest in F1 hybrids derived from shoot fly-resistant and-susceptible CMS and restorer lines. The hybrids based on shoot fly-resistant CMS and restorer lines were glossy and trichomed and had lower proportion of plants with eggs (78.5 % vs. 88.4 to 93.3%) and deadhearts (40.8 % vs. 60.8 to 75.3%) than the hybrids based on other cross combinations, suggesting that resistance is required in both CMS and restorer lines for obtaining shoot fly-resistant hybrids. Propor-tional contributions of CMS lines for oviposition, deadhearts, lea
Prem Kishore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of new germplasm in sorghum with desirable agronomic traits and resistance to shootfly Atherigona soccata rondani and stemborer chilo partellus swinhoe
Journal of entomological research, 2006Co-Authors: Prem Kishore, Vinita MittalAbstract:The released varieties and hybrids developed from Temperate x Tropical crosses, despite having high yield potential and other agronomic traits failed to express in full due to the attack of key pests of sorghum, viz., the shootfly, Atherigona soccata Rondani and stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe). To overcome ensuing problem large number of crosses by crossing intermediate derivative (in resistance) with intermediate derivative (in resistance) and resistant with intermediate derivative were made and evaluated against the two pests. Many new sources of resistance with desirable agronomic traits have been located in this newly developed germplasm.
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resistance to shoot fly Atherigona soccata rondani and stem borer chilo partellus swinhoe in new germplasm of sorghum
Journal of entomological research, 2001Co-Authors: Prem KishoreAbstract:Screening of new sorghum germplasm lines indicated the presence of multiple resistance to shoot fly, Atherigena soccata Rondani and stem borer, Chilo partel/us (Swinhoe) in four entries viz., KC-1, PGN-1, PGN-20 and PGN-64. Resistance to shoot fly was observed in ten entries viz., PGN 1, KC-1, PGN-8, PGN-19, PGN-20, PGN-64, SEH-2, PFGS-2, PFGS-57 and PFGS-8 while live entries viz., PGN-1, PGN-64, PGN-20, AKENT-20 and KC-1 showed resistance to stem borer as compared to released variety CSV-15 which showed higher percentage of damage by both shoot fly and stem borer.
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feasibility of integrating microbial inoculants and host plant resistance for managing shootfly Atherigona soccata rond in sorghum
Journal of entomological research, 1998Co-Authors: Prem KishoreAbstract:The compatibility of nitrogen fixing bacteria, viz, Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas siraiata with resistant varieties, viz., P 311 and SPV 1015 in sorghum was evaluated against the shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani. In the case of sorghum cultivar P 311 inoculated with Azospirillum and Pseudomonas, the percentage dead-hearts was 9.8 and 11.2, respectively. Similarly, dead-hearts formed in SPV 1015 due to A. soccata were respectively 8.7 and 10.5 per cent with these two microbial inoculants as against 82.0 per cent in CSH-1 (check). Such combination resulted in significant reduction of dead-hearts in both the cultivars. Consequently, the increased average grain yield, i.e., 61.7 and 69.4 per cent in P 311 and SPV 1015 sorghum cultivars, respectively, manifested with both the inoculants. The strategy thus evolved would provide economical, easily acceptable and ecology based management of this key borer pest of sorghum.
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response of sorghum variety pusa chari 121 to carrier based inoculants azotobacter and azospirillum fermented residue and shootfly Atherigona soccata rondani under field conditions
Journal of entomological research, 1998Co-Authors: Prem KishoreAbstract:A new sorghum variety Pusa chari-121 (PC-121) was developed from PC 7xCSV-1 through pedigree selection. It is endowed with good agronomic attributes, better yield and moderate level of resistance to shootfly (Atherigona soccata Rondani) under multilocation trials. This variety responded well to carrier based inoculants, Azotobacfer, Azospirillum and fermented residue by showing improvement in agronomic parameters, viz, green fodder yield, cane yield, and total soluble sugars. Seed inoculation with Azospirillum significantly reduced the formation of dead-hearts due to shootfly. Azotobacter with fermented residue was the next best treatment in reducing shootfly dead-hearts. Azosplrillum with enormous potential for fixing atmospheric nitrogen not only facilitated in reducing the dosages of chemical fertilizer but also showed great promise in reducing the dead-heart formation by shootfly.
S P Mehtre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stability of resistance to sorghum shoot fly Atherigona soccata
Field Crops Research, 2015Co-Authors: H C Sharma, D G Daware, Ashok A Kumar, Vitthal R Bhagwat, Dattaji B Pawar, Krishna Bhat Prabhakar, Suraj P Sharma, Rajendra S Munghate, S P MehtreAbstract:Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is one of the most important pests of dual-purpose sorghums during the postrainy season in India. Therefore, it is important to identify stable sources of resistance to develop cultivars with shoot fly resistance and adaptation to postrainy season. We evaluated 190 lines adapted to the postrainy season across five locations, of which 30 lines were identified with resistance to A. soccata. These lines were further evaluated for three seasons across five locations to identify lines with stable resistance to this pest across seasons and locations. Data were recorded on oviposition non-preference, deadheart incidence, recovery resistance, morphological traits (leaf glossiness, seedling vigor, plant height and days to 50% flowering), and grain yield. The sorghum genotypes CSV 22, ICSB 422, ICSB 425, ICSB 428, ICSB 432, ICSB 458, ICSB 463, IS 2312, IS 5480, IS 18662, Phule Chitra, RSV 1093, IS 18551, and RSV 1235 exhibited resistance to shoot fly damage across seasons, of which ICSB 425, ICSB 428, ICSB 432, IS 2312, IS 5480, and IS 18551 showed non-preference for oviposition. Six genotypes (ICSB 425, IS 2312, IS 18662, RSV 1090, RSV 1093, and IS 18551) also showed good recovery resistance following shoot fly damage. Principal coordinate analysis placed the maintainer lines (B-lines) with shoot fly resistance in two clusters with ICSB 422, ICSB 432, ICSB 435, ICSB 456 and ICSB 458 in one cluster and ICSB 425, ICSB 428 and ICSB 463 in the other; the open pollinated varieties/germplasm lines (restorers) were placed in a different group (CSV 22, IS 5480, IS 2312 and RSV 1093), suggesting the possibilities for developing hybrids with adaptation to the postrainy season. Based on regression coefficient and deadheart incidence, the genotypes IS 2312, ICSB 425, RSV 1090 and ICSB 428 were stable in expression of resistance to shoot fly across seasons and locations. The genotypes CSV 22 and RSV 1093 exhibited high grain yield potential and resistance to shoot fly damage, while Phule Yashoda, IS 2312, RSV 1235, and ICSV 574 were moderately resistant to shoot fly damage, but had high grain yield potential. These genotypes can be used in sorghum improvement for developing cultivars with shoot fly resistance, high grain yield and adaptation to postrainy season.
M K Dhillon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inheritance of Resistance to Sorghum Shoot Fly, Atherigona soccata
2015Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, Belum V S Reddy, H C Sharma, Ram Singh, J S NareshAbstract:The sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rond. (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most important pests of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. Most of the sorghum hybrids currently under cultivation are based on cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS). To develop a strategy to develop sorghum hybrids with resistance to shoot fly, we studied the nature of gene action for resistance to this pest in F1 hybrids derived from shoot fly-resistant and-susceptible CMS and restorer lines. The hybrids based on shoot fly-resistant CMS and restorer lines were glossy and trichomed and had lower proportion of plants with eggs (78.5 % vs. 88.4 to 93.3%) and deadhearts (40.8 % vs. 60.8 to 75.3%) than the hybrids based on other cross combinations, suggesting that resistance is required in both CMS and restorer lines for obtaining shoot fly-resistant hybrids. Propor-tional contributions of CMS lines for oviposition, deadhearts, lea
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physico chemical mechanisms of resistance to shoot fly Atherigona soccata in sorghum sorghum bicolor
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2011Co-Authors: Lakshmi Narasu, Siva K Chamarthi, K L Sahrawat, H C Sharma, M K DhillonAbstract:Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is an important pest of sorghum, and host plant resistance is one of the important components for minimizing the losses due to this pest. Therefore, we evaluated a diverse array of sorghum genotypes to identify physico-chemical characteristics conferring resistance to A. soccata. Susceptibility to shoot fly was associated with high amounts of soluble sugars, fats, leaf surface wetness and seedling vigour; while leaf glossiness, plumule and leaf sheath pigmentation, trichome density and high tannin, Mg and Zn showed resistance to shoot fly. Stepwise regression indicated that Mg, Zn, soluble sugars, tannins, fats, leaf glossiness, leaf sheath and plumule pigmentation and trichome density explained 99.8% of the variation in shoot fly damage. Path coefficient analysis suggested that leaf glossiness, trichome density, Mg and fat content and plant plumule pigmentation can be used as markers traits to select for shoot fly resistance in sorghum.
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multiple resistance to sorghum shoot fly spotted stemborer and sugarcane aphid in sorghum
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 2006Co-Authors: H C Sharma, M K Dhillon, G PampapathyAbstract:Sorghum is one of the most important cereal crops in the semi-arid tropics. Several insect pests damage it. The possibility of identifying genotypes with multiple resistance to these pests and transferring the relevant genes into high-yielding varieties and hybrids has been considered as an attractive approach to reducing yield losses. A set of 12 cytoplasmic male-sterile and maintainer lines, 12 restorer lines and their F1 hybrids were evaluated for resistance to sorghum shoot fly Atherigona soccata Rondani, spotted stemborer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and sugarcane aphid Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) under field conditions. There were significant differences among the genotypes tested. A total of 50% of male-sterile lines, 41.7% maintainers, 58.3% restorers and 35.4% of the hybrids tested showed moderate to high level of resistance to the three pests. The male- sterile and restorer lines showing resistance to different insects can be exploited for developing hybrids with multiple insect resistance for cultivation by the resource-poor farmers in the semi-arid tropics.
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inheritance of resistance to sorghum shoot fly Atherigona soccata
Crop Science, 2006Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, Belum V S Reddy, H C Sharma, Ram Singh, J S NareshAbstract:The sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rond. (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most important pests of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. Most of the sorghum hybrids currently under cultivation are based on cytoplasmic malesterility (CMS). To develop a strategy to develop sorghum hybrids with resistance to shoot fly, we studied the nature of gene action for resistance to this pest in F1 hybrids derived from shoot fly-resistant and -susceptible CMS and restorer lines. The hybrids based on shoot flyresistant CMS and restorer lines were glossy and trichomed and had lower proportion of plants with eggs (78.5% vs. 88.4 to 93.3%) and deadhearts (40.8% vs. 60.8 to 75.3%) than the hybrids based on other cross combinations, suggesting that resistance is required in both CMS and restorer lines for obtaining shoot fly-resistant hybrids. Proportional contributions of CMS lines for oviposition, deadhearts, leaf glossiness, and recovery resistance were greater than those of the restorer lines. The general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) estimates suggested that inheritance for oviposition nonpreference, deadhearts, recovery resistance, and the morphological traits associated with resistance or susceptibility to A. soccata were governed by additive-type of gene action. The SCA effects and heterosis estimates indicated that heterosis breeding would not be rewarding in breeding for resistance to shoot fly.
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Mechanisms of resistance to shoot fly, Atherigona soccata in sorghum
Euphytica, 2005Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, H C Sharma, Ram Singh, J S NareshAbstract:Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata (Rondani) is an important pest of sorghum in Asia, Africa, and Mediterranean Europe, and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. The levels of resistance in the cultivated germplasm are low to moderate, and therefore, it is important to identify genotypes with different mechanisms of resistance to pyramid the resistance genes. We studied the antixenosis for oviposition, antibiosis, and tolerance components of resistance in a diverse array of shoot fly-resistant and -susceptible genotypes. The main plants and tillers of SFCR 151, ICSV 705, SFCR 125, and, IS 18551 experienced lower shoot fly deadhearts at 28 days after seedling emergence, produced more number of productive tillers. The insects fed on these genotypes also exhibited longer larval period (10.1–11.0 days compared to 9.3 days on Swarna), lower larval survival and adult emergence (54.7–67.8 and 46.7–52.2% compared to 73.3 and 60.6% on Swarna, respectively), and lower growth and adult emergence indices as compared to the susceptible check, Swarna. Physico-chemical traits such as leaf glossiness, trichome density, and plumule and leaf sheath pigmentation were found to be associated with resistance, and chlorophyll content, leaf surface wetness, seedling vigor, and waxy bloom with susceptibility to shoot fly and explained 88.5% of the total variation in deadhearts. Step-wise regression indicated that 90.4% of the total variation in deadhearts was due to leaf glossiness and trichome density. The direct and indirect effects, correlation coefficients, multiple and step-wise regression analysis suggested that deadhearts, plants with eggs, leaf glossiness, trichomes on the abaxial surface of the leaf, and leaf sheath pigmentation can be used as marker traits to select for resistance to shoot fly, A. soccata in sorghum.
J S Naresh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Inheritance of Resistance to Sorghum Shoot Fly, Atherigona soccata
2015Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, Belum V S Reddy, H C Sharma, Ram Singh, J S NareshAbstract:The sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rond. (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most important pests of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. Most of the sorghum hybrids currently under cultivation are based on cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS). To develop a strategy to develop sorghum hybrids with resistance to shoot fly, we studied the nature of gene action for resistance to this pest in F1 hybrids derived from shoot fly-resistant and-susceptible CMS and restorer lines. The hybrids based on shoot fly-resistant CMS and restorer lines were glossy and trichomed and had lower proportion of plants with eggs (78.5 % vs. 88.4 to 93.3%) and deadhearts (40.8 % vs. 60.8 to 75.3%) than the hybrids based on other cross combinations, suggesting that resistance is required in both CMS and restorer lines for obtaining shoot fly-resistant hybrids. Propor-tional contributions of CMS lines for oviposition, deadhearts, lea
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inheritance of resistance to sorghum shoot fly Atherigona soccata
Crop Science, 2006Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, Belum V S Reddy, H C Sharma, Ram Singh, J S NareshAbstract:The sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rond. (Diptera: Muscidae), is one of the most important pests of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. Most of the sorghum hybrids currently under cultivation are based on cytoplasmic malesterility (CMS). To develop a strategy to develop sorghum hybrids with resistance to shoot fly, we studied the nature of gene action for resistance to this pest in F1 hybrids derived from shoot fly-resistant and -susceptible CMS and restorer lines. The hybrids based on shoot flyresistant CMS and restorer lines were glossy and trichomed and had lower proportion of plants with eggs (78.5% vs. 88.4 to 93.3%) and deadhearts (40.8% vs. 60.8 to 75.3%) than the hybrids based on other cross combinations, suggesting that resistance is required in both CMS and restorer lines for obtaining shoot fly-resistant hybrids. Proportional contributions of CMS lines for oviposition, deadhearts, leaf glossiness, and recovery resistance were greater than those of the restorer lines. The general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) estimates suggested that inheritance for oviposition nonpreference, deadhearts, recovery resistance, and the morphological traits associated with resistance or susceptibility to A. soccata were governed by additive-type of gene action. The SCA effects and heterosis estimates indicated that heterosis breeding would not be rewarding in breeding for resistance to shoot fly.
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Mechanisms of resistance to shoot fly, Atherigona soccata in sorghum
Euphytica, 2005Co-Authors: M K Dhillon, H C Sharma, Ram Singh, J S NareshAbstract:Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata (Rondani) is an important pest of sorghum in Asia, Africa, and Mediterranean Europe, and host plant resistance is an important component for the management of this pest. The levels of resistance in the cultivated germplasm are low to moderate, and therefore, it is important to identify genotypes with different mechanisms of resistance to pyramid the resistance genes. We studied the antixenosis for oviposition, antibiosis, and tolerance components of resistance in a diverse array of shoot fly-resistant and -susceptible genotypes. The main plants and tillers of SFCR 151, ICSV 705, SFCR 125, and, IS 18551 experienced lower shoot fly deadhearts at 28 days after seedling emergence, produced more number of productive tillers. The insects fed on these genotypes also exhibited longer larval period (10.1–11.0 days compared to 9.3 days on Swarna), lower larval survival and adult emergence (54.7–67.8 and 46.7–52.2% compared to 73.3 and 60.6% on Swarna, respectively), and lower growth and adult emergence indices as compared to the susceptible check, Swarna. Physico-chemical traits such as leaf glossiness, trichome density, and plumule and leaf sheath pigmentation were found to be associated with resistance, and chlorophyll content, leaf surface wetness, seedling vigor, and waxy bloom with susceptibility to shoot fly and explained 88.5% of the total variation in deadhearts. Step-wise regression indicated that 90.4% of the total variation in deadhearts was due to leaf glossiness and trichome density. The direct and indirect effects, correlation coefficients, multiple and step-wise regression analysis suggested that deadhearts, plants with eggs, leaf glossiness, trichomes on the abaxial surface of the leaf, and leaf sheath pigmentation can be used as marker traits to select for resistance to shoot fly, A. soccata in sorghum.