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Nicola Principi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Asthma in children: are chlamydia or mycoplasma involved?
    Pediatric Drugs, 2020
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    Asthma aetiology is complex, involving interactions between genetic susceptibility, allergen exposure and external aggravating factors such as air pollution, smoking and respiratory tract infections. Available evidence supports a role for acute Chlaymdia pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infection as a trigger for 5 to 30% of wheezing episodes and asthma exacerbations. It also appears that acute infections with C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae can initiate asthma in some previously asymptomatic patients; however, the quantitative role for these Atypical Bacteria as asthma initiators is unknown at the present time. Whether chronic infections with these agents play an important role in persistent asthma symptoms and/or to asthma severity is unclear and additional information should be acquired before definite conclusions can be reached. Improvement in asthma symptoms after antimicrobial therapy active against C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae has been observed. In some studies C. pneumoniae seems to be more important for asthma pathogenesis and exacerbations than M. pneumoniae; in other reports the role of M. pneumoniae appears to be more significant. However, a number of questions remain unanswered. Carefully controlled randomised trials are clearly warranted to determine whether infection with Atypical Bacteria is really associated with asthma and to define the appropriate role of antimicrobial treatment. LEADING ARTICLE

  • role of Atypical Bacteria in children undergoing tonsillectomy because of severely recurrent acute tonsillopharyngitis
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2008
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Francesco Blasi, Paola Marchisio, Pasquale Capaccio, M Bellasio, F Corti, E Dusi, Lorenzo Pignataro, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to verify the frequency of Atypical Bacterial infections in children undergoing tonsillectomy because of severely recurrent acute tonsillopharyngitis (AT) and the possible benefit of surgery in cases in which Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae seem to play a role in causing the recurrences. A total of 118 patients (76 males; mean age ± standard deviation, 6.67 ± 3.31 years) were enrolled: 59 underwent tonsillectomy because of severely recurrent AT and 59 underwent adenotonsillectomy because of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The results show, for the first time, that the great majority of children with a history of severely recurrent AT (and, therefore, considered to be eligible for elective tonsillectomy) are infected by Atypical Bacteria, mainly M. pneumoniae, and that tonsillectomy seems to be effective in reducing the recurrence of both AT and acute respiratory disease during 12 months follow-up postsurgery.

  • role of Atypical Bacteria and azithromycin therapy for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections
    Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2005
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Francesco Blasi, Samantha Bosis, R Droghetti, N Faelli, E Begliatti, Elena Tremolati, Alessandro Porta, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    Background:The aim of this study of 352 patients, 1–14 years of age, with acute respiratory infections and a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs), and 208 healthy subjects was to evaluate whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae played a role in causing acute respi

  • aetiology of acute pharyngitis the role of Atypical Bacteria
    Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Francesco Blasi, Samantha Bosis, R Droghetti, N Faelli, Annalisa Lastrico, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    In order to establish the role of Atypical Bacteria and compare characteristics of different infectious agents in acute pharyngitis, 127 patients with acute pharyngitis (66 males; median age, 5.33 years; range, 6 months to 14 years) and 130 healthy subjects of similar sex and age were studied. Serology with paired samples and PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirates and throat cultures were used to identify Bacteria and viruses. Viruses were identified in 43 patients (33.8 %) and five controls (3.8 %; P < 0.0001), potential Bacterial pathogens in 34 patients (26.8 %) and 26 controls (20 %; P = 0.256) and mixed viral/Bacterial pathogens in 26 patients (20.5 %) and none of the controls (P < 0.0001). The main aetiological agents were adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Chlamydia pneumoniae. M. pneumoniae was the agent found most frequently as a single pathogen. A history of recurrent pharyngitis, having older siblings and a negative outcome were significantly more common among patients with acute M. pneumoniae infection than among those with infections due to other pathogens or healthy controls. This study demonstrates that: (i) adenovirus and RSV have a prominent role in acute pharyngitis; (ii) S. pyogenes is found frequently, but it is not possible to distinguish simple carriers from patients with a true infection; (iii) M. pneumoniae appears to be able to cause acute pharyngitis per se; and (iv) C. pneumoniae seems to be mainly a co-pathogen. To avoid the risk of an incorrect therapeutic approach, simple laboratory investigations that allow rapid identification of M. pneumoniae infections are urgently needed.

  • Asthma in Children
    Paediatric Drugs, 2001
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    Asthma aetiology is complex, involving interactions between genetic susceptibility, allergen exposure and external aggravating factors such as air pollution, smoking and respiratory tract infections. Available evidence supports a role for acute Chlaymdia pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infection as a trigger for 5 to 30% of wheezing episodes and asthma exacerbations. It also appears that acute infections with C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae can initiate asthma in some previously asymptomatic patients; however, the quantitative role for these Atypical Bacteria as asthma initiators is unknown at the present time. Whether chronic infections with these agents play an important role in persistent asthma symptoms and/or to asthma severity is unclear and additional information should be acquired before definite conclusions can be reached. Improvement in asthma symptoms after antimicrobial therapy active against C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae has been observed. In some studies C. pneumoniae seems to be more important for asthma pathogenesis and exacerbations than M. pneumoniae ; in other reports the role of M. pneumoniae appears to be more significant. However, a number of questions remain unanswered. Carefully controlled randomised trials are clearly warranted to determine whether infection with Atypical Bacteria is really associated with asthma and to define the appropriate role of antimicrobial treatment.

Susanna Esposito - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Asthma in children: are chlamydia or mycoplasma involved?
    Pediatric Drugs, 2020
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    Asthma aetiology is complex, involving interactions between genetic susceptibility, allergen exposure and external aggravating factors such as air pollution, smoking and respiratory tract infections. Available evidence supports a role for acute Chlaymdia pneumoniae or Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infection as a trigger for 5 to 30% of wheezing episodes and asthma exacerbations. It also appears that acute infections with C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae can initiate asthma in some previously asymptomatic patients; however, the quantitative role for these Atypical Bacteria as asthma initiators is unknown at the present time. Whether chronic infections with these agents play an important role in persistent asthma symptoms and/or to asthma severity is unclear and additional information should be acquired before definite conclusions can be reached. Improvement in asthma symptoms after antimicrobial therapy active against C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae has been observed. In some studies C. pneumoniae seems to be more important for asthma pathogenesis and exacerbations than M. pneumoniae; in other reports the role of M. pneumoniae appears to be more significant. However, a number of questions remain unanswered. Carefully controlled randomised trials are clearly warranted to determine whether infection with Atypical Bacteria is really associated with asthma and to define the appropriate role of antimicrobial treatment. LEADING ARTICLE

  • role of Atypical Bacteria in children undergoing tonsillectomy because of severely recurrent acute tonsillopharyngitis
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2008
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Francesco Blasi, Paola Marchisio, Pasquale Capaccio, M Bellasio, F Corti, E Dusi, Lorenzo Pignataro, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to verify the frequency of Atypical Bacterial infections in children undergoing tonsillectomy because of severely recurrent acute tonsillopharyngitis (AT) and the possible benefit of surgery in cases in which Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae seem to play a role in causing the recurrences. A total of 118 patients (76 males; mean age ± standard deviation, 6.67 ± 3.31 years) were enrolled: 59 underwent tonsillectomy because of severely recurrent AT and 59 underwent adenotonsillectomy because of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The results show, for the first time, that the great majority of children with a history of severely recurrent AT (and, therefore, considered to be eligible for elective tonsillectomy) are infected by Atypical Bacteria, mainly M. pneumoniae, and that tonsillectomy seems to be effective in reducing the recurrence of both AT and acute respiratory disease during 12 months follow-up postsurgery.

  • detection of respiratory viruses and Atypical Bacteria in children s tonsils and adenoids
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Lorenzo Drago, Francesco Blasi, Susanna Esposito, Paola Marchisio, Pasquale Capaccio, Elena De Vecchi, Elena Baggi, Lorenzo Pignataro
    Abstract:

    The tonsils and adenoids of 44 children were analyzed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Viruses were detected in 47.7% of the children and 37.3% of the specimens, with adenovirus and parainfluenza viruses being the most frequently detected microorganisms.

  • role of Atypical Bacteria and azithromycin therapy for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections
    Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2005
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Francesco Blasi, Samantha Bosis, R Droghetti, N Faelli, E Begliatti, Elena Tremolati, Alessandro Porta, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    Background:The aim of this study of 352 patients, 1–14 years of age, with acute respiratory infections and a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs), and 208 healthy subjects was to evaluate whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae played a role in causing acute respi

  • aetiology of acute pharyngitis the role of Atypical Bacteria
    Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Francesco Blasi, Samantha Bosis, R Droghetti, N Faelli, Annalisa Lastrico, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    In order to establish the role of Atypical Bacteria and compare characteristics of different infectious agents in acute pharyngitis, 127 patients with acute pharyngitis (66 males; median age, 5.33 years; range, 6 months to 14 years) and 130 healthy subjects of similar sex and age were studied. Serology with paired samples and PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirates and throat cultures were used to identify Bacteria and viruses. Viruses were identified in 43 patients (33.8 %) and five controls (3.8 %; P < 0.0001), potential Bacterial pathogens in 34 patients (26.8 %) and 26 controls (20 %; P = 0.256) and mixed viral/Bacterial pathogens in 26 patients (20.5 %) and none of the controls (P < 0.0001). The main aetiological agents were adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Chlamydia pneumoniae. M. pneumoniae was the agent found most frequently as a single pathogen. A history of recurrent pharyngitis, having older siblings and a negative outcome were significantly more common among patients with acute M. pneumoniae infection than among those with infections due to other pathogens or healthy controls. This study demonstrates that: (i) adenovirus and RSV have a prominent role in acute pharyngitis; (ii) S. pyogenes is found frequently, but it is not possible to distinguish simple carriers from patients with a true infection; (iii) M. pneumoniae appears to be able to cause acute pharyngitis per se; and (iv) C. pneumoniae seems to be mainly a co-pathogen. To avoid the risk of an incorrect therapeutic approach, simple laboratory investigations that allow rapid identification of M. pneumoniae infections are urgently needed.

Christian Drosten - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • spectrum of viruses and Atypical Bacteria in intercontinental air travelers with symptoms of acute respiratory infection
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007
    Co-Authors: Luciano Kleber De Souza Luna, Marcus Panning, Klaus Grywna, Susanne Pfefferle, Christian Drosten
    Abstract:

    : Respiratory infections after air travel are frequent, but epidemiological data are incomplete. Using sensitive polymerase chain reactions, we studied the spectrum of Atypical Bacteria and respiratory viruses in travelers fulfilling the case definition of severe acute respiratory syndrome. A pathogen was identified in 67 travelers (43.2%). Influenza and parainfluenza viruses were most prevalent, at 14.2% and 15.5%, respectively. Prevalences of adenoviruses, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses, and rhinoviruses ranged between 2.6% and 4.8%. Human bocavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Legionella, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydophila species were absent or appeared at frequencies of <1%. To our knowledge, these are the first specific baseline data for the mentioned agents in the context of air travel.

  • Spectrum of Viruses and Atypical Bacteria in Intercontinental Air Travelers with Symptoms of Acute Respiratory Infection
    The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2007
    Co-Authors: Luciano Kleber De Souza Luna, Marcus Panning, Klaus Grywna, Susanne Pfefferle, Christian Drosten
    Abstract:

    : Respiratory infections after air travel are frequent, but epidemiological data are incomplete. Using sensitive polymerase chain reactions, we studied the spectrum of Atypical Bacteria and respiratory viruses in travelers fulfilling the case definition of severe acute respiratory syndrome. A pathogen was identified in 67 travelers (43.2%). Influenza and parainfluenza viruses were most prevalent, at 14.2% and 15.5%, respectively. Prevalences of adenoviruses, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses, and rhinoviruses ranged between 2.6% and 4.8%. Human bocavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and Legionella, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydophila species were absent or appeared at frequencies of

Francesco Blasi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Atypical Bacteria in adenoids and tonsils of children requiring adenotonsillectomy
    Acta Oto-laryngologica, 2010
    Co-Authors: Giorgio Piacentini, Diego Peroni, Francesco Blasi, Lydia Pescollderungg, Paul Goller, Lorenz Gallmetzer, Lorenzo Drago, Alessandro Bodini, Attilio L Boner
    Abstract:

    AbstractConclusions: The results of this study suggest that Atypical Bacteria may be involved not only in acute upper airway diseases but also in recurrent infections requiring adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy. Therefore, their identification, followed by an appropriate treatment, should be considered. Objective: Although viruses and group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GABHS) represent the most frequent Bacterial aetiological agents of paediatric upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), chlamydia and Mycoplasma pneumoniae have also been found in acute tonsillopharyngitis. Nevertheless their relevance in chronic or recurrent URTI has never been evaluated. This study aimed to further address the role of Atypical Bacteria in recurrent URTIs requiring adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy. Methods: Samples from 55 consecutive children who underwent adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy for recurrent or chronic URTI were cut transversely into smaller sections of 5 mm. Each section was pooled and assayed by speci...

  • role of Atypical Bacteria in children undergoing tonsillectomy because of severely recurrent acute tonsillopharyngitis
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, 2008
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Francesco Blasi, Paola Marchisio, Pasquale Capaccio, M Bellasio, F Corti, E Dusi, Lorenzo Pignataro, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    The aim of this study was to verify the frequency of Atypical Bacterial infections in children undergoing tonsillectomy because of severely recurrent acute tonsillopharyngitis (AT) and the possible benefit of surgery in cases in which Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydophila pneumoniae seem to play a role in causing the recurrences. A total of 118 patients (76 males; mean age ± standard deviation, 6.67 ± 3.31 years) were enrolled: 59 underwent tonsillectomy because of severely recurrent AT and 59 underwent adenotonsillectomy because of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The results show, for the first time, that the great majority of children with a history of severely recurrent AT (and, therefore, considered to be eligible for elective tonsillectomy) are infected by Atypical Bacteria, mainly M. pneumoniae, and that tonsillectomy seems to be effective in reducing the recurrence of both AT and acute respiratory disease during 12 months follow-up postsurgery.

  • detection of respiratory viruses and Atypical Bacteria in children s tonsils and adenoids
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Lorenzo Drago, Francesco Blasi, Susanna Esposito, Paola Marchisio, Pasquale Capaccio, Elena De Vecchi, Elena Baggi, Lorenzo Pignataro
    Abstract:

    The tonsils and adenoids of 44 children were analyzed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Viruses were detected in 47.7% of the children and 37.3% of the specimens, with adenovirus and parainfluenza viruses being the most frequently detected microorganisms.

  • role of Atypical Bacteria and azithromycin therapy for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections
    Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2005
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Francesco Blasi, Samantha Bosis, R Droghetti, N Faelli, E Begliatti, Elena Tremolati, Alessandro Porta, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    Background:The aim of this study of 352 patients, 1–14 years of age, with acute respiratory infections and a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs), and 208 healthy subjects was to evaluate whether Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae played a role in causing acute respi

  • aetiology of acute pharyngitis the role of Atypical Bacteria
    Journal of Medical Microbiology, 2004
    Co-Authors: Susanna Esposito, Francesco Blasi, Samantha Bosis, R Droghetti, N Faelli, Annalisa Lastrico, Nicola Principi
    Abstract:

    In order to establish the role of Atypical Bacteria and compare characteristics of different infectious agents in acute pharyngitis, 127 patients with acute pharyngitis (66 males; median age, 5.33 years; range, 6 months to 14 years) and 130 healthy subjects of similar sex and age were studied. Serology with paired samples and PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirates and throat cultures were used to identify Bacteria and viruses. Viruses were identified in 43 patients (33.8 %) and five controls (3.8 %; P < 0.0001), potential Bacterial pathogens in 34 patients (26.8 %) and 26 controls (20 %; P = 0.256) and mixed viral/Bacterial pathogens in 26 patients (20.5 %) and none of the controls (P < 0.0001). The main aetiological agents were adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Chlamydia pneumoniae. M. pneumoniae was the agent found most frequently as a single pathogen. A history of recurrent pharyngitis, having older siblings and a negative outcome were significantly more common among patients with acute M. pneumoniae infection than among those with infections due to other pathogens or healthy controls. This study demonstrates that: (i) adenovirus and RSV have a prominent role in acute pharyngitis; (ii) S. pyogenes is found frequently, but it is not possible to distinguish simple carriers from patients with a true infection; (iii) M. pneumoniae appears to be able to cause acute pharyngitis per se; and (iv) C. pneumoniae seems to be mainly a co-pathogen. To avoid the risk of an incorrect therapeutic approach, simple laboratory investigations that allow rapid identification of M. pneumoniae infections are urgently needed.

Athanasios Tsakris - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • bronchiectasis exacerbations the role of Atypical Bacteria respiratory syncytial virus and pulmonary function tests
    Canadian Respiratory Journal, 2015
    Co-Authors: Eugenios Metaxas, Evangelos Balis, Nikolaos Spanakis, George Tatsis, Joseph Papaparaskevas, Athanasios Tsakris
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND: Aside from the known role of common Bacteria, there is a paucity of data regarding the possible role of Atypical Bacteria and viruses in exacerbations of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.

  • the role of viruses and other Atypical Bacteria in bronchiectasis exacerbations
    European Respiratory Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Evangelos Balis, Eugenios Metaxas, Despina Chrysovergi, Iosif Papaparaskeuas, Nikolaos Spanakis, George Tatsis, Athanasios Tsakris
    Abstract:

    Introduction: Exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis, is thought to occur either because of change in the Bacterial load of an existing Bacteria or because of colonization with a new Bacterial strain. Despite the existence of data for the role of viruses and Atypical Bacteria in patients with COPD, there is paucity of data about their role in bronchiectasis. Aims and objectives: To study the effect of Atypical Bacteria and viruses in bronchiectasis exacerbations Methods: An observational study was performed. For 12 months, 33 patients with bronchiectasis were followed up in 4 months intervals. They were submitted to bronchoscopy in an effort to determine baseline Bacteria. Bronchsopcpy was also performed during exacerbations. Real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples for the detection of Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In addition, antibody titers against Influenza A, Influenza B, Adenovirus, C. pneumoniae and M. pneumoniae were measured. Results: In total 116 visits were performed (97 baseline and 19 exacerbations). After the first 30 PCR tests, because of cost restrictions, PCR was agreed to be performed only in cases of elevated IgG, seroconversion, or positive IgM titers. Totally 74 PCR tests were performed. RSV was isolated in 4 subjects during baseline periods and none during exacerbations. All PCR tests were negative for Atypical Bacteria. There was no detection of IgM antibodies against the aforementioned microorganisms. Conclusions: Despite the small number of recorded exacerbations, Atypical Bacteria and viruses do not seem to have a role in exacerbations in patients with bronchiectasis.