The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David C Rubin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Autobiographical recollection test art a measure of individual differences in Autobiographical Memory
Journal of applied research in memory and cognition, 2019Co-Authors: Dorthe Berntsen, David C Rubin, Rick H HoyleAbstract:We introduce the Autobiographical Recollection Test (ART) to examine individual differences in how well people think they remember personal events. The ART comprises seven theoretically motivated, empirically supported, interrelated aspects of recollecting Autobiographical memories: reliving, vividness, visual imagery, scene, narrative coherence, life-story relevance, and rehearsal. Desirable psychometric properties of the ART are established by confirmatory factor analyses demonstrating that items probing each of the seven components form well-defined, yet highly correlated, factors that are indicators of a single underlying second-order factor. The ART shows high test-retest reliability over delays averaging three weeks and correlates meaningfully with a test of different categories of Memory. Overall, the findings document that Autobiographical recollection is a dimension that varies among individuals. The ART forms a reliable and easily administered Autobiographical Memory test that will help to integrate Autobiographical Memory research with fields generally concerned with individual differences, such as health and personality psychology.
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understanding Autobiographical Memory theories and approaches
2012Co-Authors: Dorthe Berntsen, David C RubinAbstract:1. Introduction Dorthe Berntsen and David C. Rubin Part I. Approaches to the Study of Autobiographical Memory: 2. The basic systems model of Autobiographical Memory David C. Rubin 3. Identity, emotion, and the social matrix of Autobiographical Memory: a psychoanalytic narrative view Tilmann Habermas 4. On the nature of Autobiographical Memory Martin A. Conway and Laura Jobson 5. Reflections on Autobiographical Memory Alan Baddeley Part II. Neural Studies of Autobiographical Memory: 6. The contribution of research on Autobiographical Memory to past and present theories of Memory consolidation Morris Moscovitch 7. Functional neuroimaging of Autobiographical Memory Peggy L. St Jacques Part III. Social and Cultural Aspects of Autobiographical Memory: 8. Of sins and virtues: Memory and collective identity William Hirst, Alexandra Cuc and Dana Wohl 9. Historically defined Autobiographical periods: their origins and implications Norman R. Brown, Tia G. B. Hansen, Peter J. Lee, Sarah A. Vanderveen and Fredrick G. Conrad 10. Directive functions of Autobiographical Memory: theory and method David B. Pillemer and Kie J. Kuwabara Part IV. Development of Autobiographical Memory from Infancy to Old Age: 11. The life I once remembered: the waxing and waning of early memories Patricia J. Bauer 12. Subjective perspective and personal timeline in the development of Autobiographical Memory Robyn Fivush 13. Theory and research in Autobiographical Memory: a life-span developmental perspective Joseph M. Fitzgerald and Carissa L. Broadbridge Part V. Evolution and Basic Processes of Autobiographical Memory: 14. Evolutionary origins of Autobiographical Memory: a retrieval hypothesis Merlin Donald 15. Spontaneous recollections: involuntary Autobiographical memories are a basic mode of remembering Dorthe Berntsen 16. Autobiographical Memory and future thinking Arnaud D'Argembeau Part VI. Discussion: 17. Understanding Autobiographical Memory: an ecological theory Dorthe Berntsen and David C. Rubin.
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a tale of three functions the self reported uses of Autobiographical Memory
Social Cognition, 2005Co-Authors: Susan Bluck, Tilmann Habermas, Nicole Alea, David C RubinAbstract:Abstract Theories hold that Autobiographical Memory serves several broad functions (directive, self, and social). In the current study, items were derived from the theoretical literature to create the Thinking About Life Experiences (TALE) questionnaire to empirically assess these three functions. Participants (N = 167) completed the TALE. To examine convergent validity, they also rated their overall tendency to think about and to talk about the past and completed the Reminiscence Functions Scale (Webster, 1997). The results lend support to the existence of these theoretical functions, but also offer room for refinements in future thinking about both the breadth and specificity of the functions that Autobiographical Memory serves.
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a basic systems approach to Autobiographical Memory
Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2005Co-Authors: David C RubinAbstract:Memory for complex everyday events involving vision, hearing, smell, emotion, narrative, and language cannot be understood without considering the properties of the separate systems that process and store each of these forms of information. Using this premise as a starting point, my colleagues and I found that visual Memory plays a central role in Autobiographical Memory: The strength of recollection of an event is predicted best by the vividness of its visual imagery, and a loss of visual Memory causes a general amnesia. Examination of Autobiographical memories in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) suggests that the lack of coherence often noted in memories of traumatic events is not due to a lack of coherence either of the Memory itself or of the narrative that integrates the Memory into the life story. Rather, making the traumatic Memory central to the life story correlates positively with increased PTSD symptoms. The basic-systems approach has yielded insights into Autobiographical ...
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co activation of the amygdala hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus during Autobiographical Memory retrieval
Neuropsychologia, 2005Co-Authors: Daniel L. Greenberg, Julie J Cooper, David C Rubin, Heather J Rice, Roberto Cabeza, Kevin S LabarAbstract:Functional MRI was used to investigate the role of medial temporal lobe and inferior frontal lobe regions in Autobiographical recall. Prior to scanning, participants generated cue words for 50 Autobiographical memories and rated their phenomenological properties using our Autobiographical Memory questionnaire (AMQ). During scanning, the cue words were presented and participants pressed a button when they retrieved the associated Memory. The Autobiographical retrieval task was interleaved in an event-related design with a semantic retrieval task (category generation). Region-of-interest analyses showed greater activation of the amygdala, hippocampus, and right inferior frontal gyrus during Autobiographical retrieval relative to semantic retrieval. In addition, the left inferior frontal gyrus showed a more prolonged duration of activation in the semantic retrieval condition. A targeted correlational analysis revealed pronounced functional connectivity among the amygdala, hippocampus, and right inferior frontal gyrus during Autobiographical retrieval but not during semantic retrieval. These results support theories of Autobiographical Memory that hypothesize co-activation of frontotemporal areas during recollection of episodes from the personal past.
Brian Levine - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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individual differences in Autobiographical Memory
Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Signy Sheldon, Daniela J Palombo, Brian LevineAbstract:Although humans have a remarkable capacity to recall a wealth of detail from the past, there are marked interindividual differences in the quantity and quality of our mnemonic experiences. Such differences in Autobiographical Memory may appear self-evident, yet there has been little research on this topic. In this review, we synthesize an emerging body of research regarding individual differences in Autobiographical Memory. We focus on two syndromes that fall at the extremes of the ‘remembering' dimension: highly superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) and severely deficient Autobiographical Memory (SDAM). We also discuss findings from research on less extreme individual differences in Autobiographical Memory. This avenue of research is pivotal for a full description of the behavioral and neural substrates of Autobiographical Memory.
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the survey of Autobiographical Memory sam a novel measure of trait mnemonics in everyday life
Cortex, 2013Co-Authors: Daniela J Palombo, Lynne J Williams, Herve Abdi, Brian LevineAbstract:Compared to the abundance of laboratory-based Memory tasks, few measures exist to assess self-reported Memory function. This need is particularly important for naturalistic mnemonic capacities, such as Autobiographical Memory (recall of events and facts from one's past), because it is difficult to reliably assess in the laboratory. Furthermore, naturalistic mnemonic capacities may show stable individual differences that evade the constraints of laboratory testing. The Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM) was designed to assess such trait mnemonics, or the dimensional characterization of self-reported mnemonic characteristics. The SAM comprises items assessing self-reported episodic Autobiographical, semantic, and spatial Memory, as well as future prospection. In a large sample of healthy young adults, the latent dimensional structure of the SAM was characterized with multiple correspondence analysis (MCA). This analysis revealed dimensions corresponding to general mnemonic abilities (i.e., good vs poor Memory across subtypes), spatial Memory, and future prospection. While episodic and semantic items did not separate in this data-driven analysis, these categories did show expected dissociations in relation to depression history and to laboratory-based measures of recollection. Remote spatial Memory as assessed by the SAM showed the expected advantage for males over females. Spatial Memory was also related to Autobiographical Memory performance. Brief versions of the SAM are provided for efficient research applications. Individual differences in Memory function are likely related to other health-related factors, including personality, psychopathology, dementia risk, brain structure and function, and genotype. In conjunction with laboratory or performance based assessments, the SAM can provide a useful measure of naturalistic self-report trait mnemonics for probing these relationships.
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Autobiographical Memory and the self in time brain lesion effects functional neuroanatomy and lifespan development
Brain and Cognition, 2004Co-Authors: Brian LevineAbstract:Autobiographical remembering reflects an advanced state of consciousness that mediates awareness of the self as continuous across time. In naturalistic Autobiographical Memory, self-aware recollection of temporally and spatially specific episodes and generic factual information (both public and personal) operate in tandem. Evidence from both laboratory and real-life studies, however, suggests that these two processes can be dissociated. This paper reviews aging, lesion, and functional neuroimaging research on the anatomical substrates of Autobiographical Memory processes using a new measure, the Autobiographical Interview, and prospective collection of Autobiographical material. Results indicate that Autobiographical recollection is mediated by a distributed fronto-temporo-parietal system, with the anteromedial prefrontal cortex positioned to integrate sensory information with self-specific information. The emergence of Autobiographical recollection at around age four coincides with the timing of prefrontal regressive cortical and progressive white matter changes that may support the development of this high-level capacity.
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aging and Autobiographical Memory dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval
Psychology and Aging, 2002Co-Authors: Brian Levine, Eva Svoboda, Gordon Winocur, Morris MoscovitchAbstract:Cognitive aging research documents reduced access to contextually specific episodic details in older adults, whereas access to semantic or other nonepisodic information is preserved or facilitated. The present study extended this finding to Autobiographical Memory by using a new measure; the Autobiographical Interview. Younger and older adults recalled events from 5 life periods. Protocols were scored according to a reliable system for categorizing episodic and nonepisodic information. Whereas younger adults were biased toward episodic details reflecting happenings, locations, perceptions, and thoughts, older adults favored semantic details not connected to a particular time and place. This pattern persisted after additional structured probing for contextual details. The Autobiographical Interview is a useful instrument for quantifying episodic and semantic contributions to personal remote Memory. Most research on real-world Autobiographical Memory in older adults has examined life-period effects on numbers of memories recalled (e.g., Franklin & Holding, 1977; Hyland & Ackerman, 1988; Rubin & Schulkind, 1997b). Relatively little is known about the quality of older adults’ Autobiographical recollections in comparison to those of younger adults. Cognitive aging research predicts that the quality of older adults’ Autobiographical recollection would differ from that of younger adults, yet the direction of these differences depends on the task. Age-related decline is greatest for explicit, effortful, and unstructured retrieval tasks (Zacks, Hasher, & Li, 2000). Relative to younger adults, older adults are impaired at retrieving episodic contextual details (McIntyre & Craik, 1987; Spencer & Raz, 1995), report a lesser degree of reexperiencing
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aging and Autobiographical Memory dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval
Psychology and Aging, 2002Co-Authors: Brian Levine, Eva Svoboda, Gordon Winocur, Janine F Hay, Morris MoscovitchAbstract:Cognitive aging research documents reduced access to contextually specific episodic details inolder adults, whereas access to semantic or other nonepisodic information is preserved or facilitated. The present study extended this finding to Autobiographical Memory by using a new measure; the Autobiographical Interview. Younger and older adults recalled events from 5 life periods. Protocols were scored according to a reliable system for categorizing episodic and nonepisodic information. Whereas younger adults were biased toward episodic details reflecting happenings, locations, perceptions, and thoughts, older adults favored semantic details not connected to a particular time and place. This pattern persisted after additional structured probing for contextual details. The Autobiographical Interview is a useful instrument for quantifying episodic and semantic contributions to personal remote Memory.
Dirk Hermans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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current psychometric and methodological issues in the measurement of overgeneral Autobiographical Memory
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2012Co-Authors: James W Griffith, Filip Raes, Jennifer A Sumner, Thorsten Barnhofer, Elise Debeer, Dirk HermansAbstract:Autobiographical Memory is a multifaceted construct that is related to psychopathology and other difficulties in functioning. Across many studies, a variety of methods have been used to study Autobiographical Memory. The relationship between overgeneral Autobiographical Memory (OGM) and psychopathology has been of particular interest, and many studies of this cognitive phenomenon rely on the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) to assess it. In this paper, we examine several methodological approaches to studying Autobiographical Memory, and focus primarily on methodological and psychometric considerations in OGM research. We pay particular attention to what is known about the reliability, validity, and methodological variations of the AMT. The AMT has adequate psychometric properties, but there is great variability in methodology across studies that use it. Methodological recommendations and suggestions for future studies are presented.
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an item response theory confirmatory factor analysis of the Autobiographical Memory test
Memory, 2009Co-Authors: James W Griffith, Dirk Hermans, Filip Raes, Jennifer A Sumner, Susan Mineka, Elise Debeer, Richard E Zinbarg, Michelle G CraskeAbstract:The Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) is used to assess the degree of specificity of Autobiographical Memory. The AMT usually contains cue words of both positive and negative valence, but it is unclear whether these valences form separate factors or not. Accordingly, confirmatory factor analysis assessed whether the AMT measures one overall factor, or whether different cue types are related to different factors. Results were consistent across three datasets (N = 333, N = 405, and N = 336). A one-factor model fitted each dataset well, which suggests that responses to positive and negative cues are related to the one construct. In addition, item response theory analyses showed that the AMT is most precise for people who score low on Memory specificity. Implications for using the AMT with high-functioning samples are discussed.
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Autobiographical Memory specificity and affect regulation coping with a negative life event
Depression and Anxiety, 2008Co-Authors: Dirk Hermans, An De Decker, Steven De Peuter, Paul Eelen, Filip Raes, Mark J G WilliamsAbstract:Two decades of research have shown that depressed patients experience significant difficulties retrieving specific Autobiographical memories. Importantly, reduced Autobiographical Memory (AM) specificity is a known vulnerability factor for depression and is predictive of a more chronic course. One of the models that has been put forward to explain the origin of this reduced specificity is the affect-regulation model, which assumes that being less specific might help to prevent negative or painful emotions by recalling events in a less specific way. This avoidant Memory style might have beneficial effects in the short run (less emotional impact of stressful events) but is detrimental in the long run. The affect-regulation model, and more in particular the beneficial short-term effect of reduced Memory specificity, was investigated in a prospective study. Students were followed over a period of 9 weeks after they failed at their first exams at university. In line with the affect-regulation model, Memory specificity predicted the course of symptoms that were experienced as a result of failing these exams. The less specific the student, the less durable the emotional distress over this 9-week period. The correlational nature of this study limits to some extent the conclusions that can be drawn. The results offer support for the affect-regulation account of reduced Autobiographical Memory specificity. Depression and Anxiety. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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reduced Autobiographical Memory specificity and rumination in predicting the course of depression
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Filip Raes, Dirk Hermans, Jmg Williams, Wim Beyers, Els Brunfaut, Paul EelenAbstract:Reduced Autobiographical Memory (AM) specificity is a known vulnerability factor for depression. AM specificity was investigated as a predictor of depression with the Autobiographical Memory Test (J. M. G. Williams & K. Broadbent, 1986). When baseline depression scores were partialed, reduced AM specificity to negative cue words predicted higher levels of depression at 7-month follow-up. Once rumination was taken into account by means of the Rumination on Sadness Scale (M. Conway, P. A. R. Csank, S. L. Holm, & C. K. Blake, 2000), AM specificity no longer predicted depression, suggesting that the predictive value of AM specificity observed in previous studies might be—at least partly—explained as an effect of rumination. Further mediation analyses indeed revealed support for rumination as a mediator of the relation between reduced AM specificity and poor outcome of depression.
Paul Eelen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Autobiographical Memory specificity and affect regulation coping with a negative life event
Depression and Anxiety, 2008Co-Authors: Dirk Hermans, An De Decker, Steven De Peuter, Paul Eelen, Filip Raes, Mark J G WilliamsAbstract:Two decades of research have shown that depressed patients experience significant difficulties retrieving specific Autobiographical memories. Importantly, reduced Autobiographical Memory (AM) specificity is a known vulnerability factor for depression and is predictive of a more chronic course. One of the models that has been put forward to explain the origin of this reduced specificity is the affect-regulation model, which assumes that being less specific might help to prevent negative or painful emotions by recalling events in a less specific way. This avoidant Memory style might have beneficial effects in the short run (less emotional impact of stressful events) but is detrimental in the long run. The affect-regulation model, and more in particular the beneficial short-term effect of reduced Memory specificity, was investigated in a prospective study. Students were followed over a period of 9 weeks after they failed at their first exams at university. In line with the affect-regulation model, Memory specificity predicted the course of symptoms that were experienced as a result of failing these exams. The less specific the student, the less durable the emotional distress over this 9-week period. The correlational nature of this study limits to some extent the conclusions that can be drawn. The results offer support for the affect-regulation account of reduced Autobiographical Memory specificity. Depression and Anxiety. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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reduced Autobiographical Memory specificity and rumination in predicting the course of depression
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Filip Raes, Dirk Hermans, Jmg Williams, Wim Beyers, Els Brunfaut, Paul EelenAbstract:Reduced Autobiographical Memory (AM) specificity is a known vulnerability factor for depression. AM specificity was investigated as a predictor of depression with the Autobiographical Memory Test (J. M. G. Williams & K. Broadbent, 1986). When baseline depression scores were partialed, reduced AM specificity to negative cue words predicted higher levels of depression at 7-month follow-up. Once rumination was taken into account by means of the Rumination on Sadness Scale (M. Conway, P. A. R. Csank, S. L. Holm, & C. K. Blake, 2000), AM specificity no longer predicted depression, suggesting that the predictive value of AM specificity observed in previous studies might be—at least partly—explained as an effect of rumination. Further mediation analyses indeed revealed support for rumination as a mediator of the relation between reduced AM specificity and poor outcome of depression.
Filip Raes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the computerized scoring algorithm for the Autobiographical Memory test updates and extensions for analyzing memories of english speaking adults
Memory, 2019Co-Authors: Keisuke Takano, David J Hallford, Elien Vanderveren, David W Austin, Filip RaesAbstract:ABSTRACTThe Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) has been central in psychopathological studies of Memory dysfunctions, as reduced Memory specificity or overgeneralised Autobiographical Memory has be...
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current psychometric and methodological issues in the measurement of overgeneral Autobiographical Memory
Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 2012Co-Authors: James W Griffith, Filip Raes, Jennifer A Sumner, Thorsten Barnhofer, Elise Debeer, Dirk HermansAbstract:Autobiographical Memory is a multifaceted construct that is related to psychopathology and other difficulties in functioning. Across many studies, a variety of methods have been used to study Autobiographical Memory. The relationship between overgeneral Autobiographical Memory (OGM) and psychopathology has been of particular interest, and many studies of this cognitive phenomenon rely on the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) to assess it. In this paper, we examine several methodological approaches to studying Autobiographical Memory, and focus primarily on methodological and psychometric considerations in OGM research. We pay particular attention to what is known about the reliability, validity, and methodological variations of the AMT. The AMT has adequate psychometric properties, but there is great variability in methodology across studies that use it. Methodological recommendations and suggestions for future studies are presented.
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an item response theory confirmatory factor analysis of the Autobiographical Memory test
Memory, 2009Co-Authors: James W Griffith, Dirk Hermans, Filip Raes, Jennifer A Sumner, Susan Mineka, Elise Debeer, Richard E Zinbarg, Michelle G CraskeAbstract:The Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) is used to assess the degree of specificity of Autobiographical Memory. The AMT usually contains cue words of both positive and negative valence, but it is unclear whether these valences form separate factors or not. Accordingly, confirmatory factor analysis assessed whether the AMT measures one overall factor, or whether different cue types are related to different factors. Results were consistent across three datasets (N = 333, N = 405, and N = 336). A one-factor model fitted each dataset well, which suggests that responses to positive and negative cues are related to the one construct. In addition, item response theory analyses showed that the AMT is most precise for people who score low on Memory specificity. Implications for using the AMT with high-functioning samples are discussed.
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Autobiographical Memory specificity and affect regulation coping with a negative life event
Depression and Anxiety, 2008Co-Authors: Dirk Hermans, An De Decker, Steven De Peuter, Paul Eelen, Filip Raes, Mark J G WilliamsAbstract:Two decades of research have shown that depressed patients experience significant difficulties retrieving specific Autobiographical memories. Importantly, reduced Autobiographical Memory (AM) specificity is a known vulnerability factor for depression and is predictive of a more chronic course. One of the models that has been put forward to explain the origin of this reduced specificity is the affect-regulation model, which assumes that being less specific might help to prevent negative or painful emotions by recalling events in a less specific way. This avoidant Memory style might have beneficial effects in the short run (less emotional impact of stressful events) but is detrimental in the long run. The affect-regulation model, and more in particular the beneficial short-term effect of reduced Memory specificity, was investigated in a prospective study. Students were followed over a period of 9 weeks after they failed at their first exams at university. In line with the affect-regulation model, Memory specificity predicted the course of symptoms that were experienced as a result of failing these exams. The less specific the student, the less durable the emotional distress over this 9-week period. The correlational nature of this study limits to some extent the conclusions that can be drawn. The results offer support for the affect-regulation account of reduced Autobiographical Memory specificity. Depression and Anxiety. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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reduced Autobiographical Memory specificity and rumination in predicting the course of depression
Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: Filip Raes, Dirk Hermans, Jmg Williams, Wim Beyers, Els Brunfaut, Paul EelenAbstract:Reduced Autobiographical Memory (AM) specificity is a known vulnerability factor for depression. AM specificity was investigated as a predictor of depression with the Autobiographical Memory Test (J. M. G. Williams & K. Broadbent, 1986). When baseline depression scores were partialed, reduced AM specificity to negative cue words predicted higher levels of depression at 7-month follow-up. Once rumination was taken into account by means of the Rumination on Sadness Scale (M. Conway, P. A. R. Csank, S. L. Holm, & C. K. Blake, 2000), AM specificity no longer predicted depression, suggesting that the predictive value of AM specificity observed in previous studies might be—at least partly—explained as an effect of rumination. Further mediation analyses indeed revealed support for rumination as a mediator of the relation between reduced AM specificity and poor outcome of depression.
