The Experts below are selected from a list of 32226 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Zhuoming Qin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genomic and phylogenetic characterization of novel recombinant h5n2 Avian Influenza Virus strains isolated from vaccinated chickens with clinical symptoms in china
Viruses, 2015Co-Authors: Huaiying Xu, Fang Meng, Dihai Huang, Xiaodan Sheng, Youling Wang, Wei Zhang, Weishan Chang, Leyi Wang, Zhuoming QinAbstract:Infection of poultry with diverse lineages of H5N2 Avian Influenza Viruses has been documented for over three decades in different parts of the world, with limited outbreaks caused by this highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus. In the present study, three Avian H5N2 Influenza Viruses, A/chicken/Shijiazhuang/1209/2013, A/chicken/Chiping/0321/2014, and A/chicken/Laiwu/0313/2014, were isolated from chickens with clinical symptoms of Avian Influenza. Complete genomic and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that all three isolates are novel recombinant Viruses with hemagglutinin (HA) and matrix (M) genes derived from H5N1, and remaining genes derived from H9N2-like Viruses. The HA cleavage motif in all three strains (PQIEGRRRKR/GL) is characteristic of a highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus strain. These results indicate the occurrence of H5N2 recombination and highlight the importance of continued surveillance of the H5N2 subtype Virus and reformulation of vaccine strains.
Jason S Long - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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swine anp32a supports Avian Influenza Virus polymerase
Journal of Virology, 2020Co-Authors: Thomas P Peacock, Dh Goldhill, Sg Lillico, Olivia C Swann, Hamish A Salvesen, Ecco Staller, Brian P Leung, Hongbo Zhou, Bruce C A Whitelaw, Jason S LongAbstract:Avian Influenza Viruses occasionally infect and adapt to mammals, including humans. Swine are often described as "mixing vessels," being susceptible to both Avian- and human-origin Viruses, which allows the emergence of novel reassortants, such as the precursor to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. ANP32 proteins are host factors that act as Influenza Virus polymerase cofactors. In this study, we describe how swine ANP32A, uniquely among the mammalian ANP32 proteins tested, supports the activity of Avian-origin Influenza Virus polymerases and Avian Influenza Virus replication. We further show that after the swine-origin Influenza Virus emerged in humans and caused the 2009 pandemic, it evolved polymerase gene mutations that enabled it to more efficiently use human ANP32 proteins. We map the enhanced proviral activity of swine ANP32A to a pair of amino acids, 106 and 156, in the leucine-rich repeat and central domains and show these mutations enhance binding to Influenza Virus trimeric polymerase. These findings help elucidate the molecular basis for the mixing vessel trait of swine and further our understanding of the evolution and ecology of Viruses in this host.IMPORTANCE Avian Influenza Viruses can jump from wild birds and poultry into mammalian species such as humans or swine, but they only continue to transmit if they accumulate mammalian adapting mutations. Pigs appear uniquely susceptible to both Avian and human strains of Influenza and are often described as Virus "mixing vessels." In this study, we describe how a host factor responsible for regulating Virus replication, ANP32A, is different between swine and humans. Swine ANP32A allows a greater range of Influenza Viruses, specifically those from birds, to replicate. It does this by binding the Virus polymerase more tightly than the human version of the protein. This work helps to explain the unique properties of swine as mixing vessels.
Gary Garciaespinosa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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prolonged excretion of a low pathogenicity h5n2 Avian Influenza Virus strain in the pekin duck
Journal of Veterinary Science, 2013Co-Authors: Jose Manuel Carranzaflores, Luis Padillanoriega, Elizabeth Lozarubio, Gary GarciaespinosaAbstract:H5N2 strains of low-pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus (LPAIV) have been circulating for at least 17 years in some Mexican chicken farms. We measured the rate and duration of viral excretion from Pekin ducks that were experimentally inoculated with an H5N2 LPAIV that causes death in embryonated chicken eggs (A/chicken/Mexico/2007). Leghorn chickens were used as susceptible host controls. The degree of viral excretion was evaluated with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) using samples from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs. We observed prolonged excretion from both species of birds lasting for at least 21 days. Prolonged excretion of LPAIV A/chicken/Mexico/2007 is atypical.
Martin Beer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pathogenicity of highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus h5n1 in adult mute swans
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Donata Kalthoff, Timm C Harder, Thomas C Mettenleiter, Jens Peter Teifke, Angele Breithaupt, Anja Globig, Martin BeerAbstract:Adult, healthy mute swans were experimentally infected with highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A/Cygnus cygnus/Germany/R65/2006 subtype H5N1. Immunologically naive birds died, whereas animals with preexisting, naturally acquired Avian Influenza Virus–specific antibodies became infected asymptomatically and shed Virus. Adult mute swans are highly susceptible, excrete Virus, and can be clinically protected by preexposure immunity.
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experimental infection of cattle with highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus h5n1
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2008Co-Authors: Donata Kalthoff, Timm C Harder, Bernd Hoffmann, Markus Durban, Martin BeerAbstract:Four calves were experimentally inoculated with highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A/cat/Germany/R606/2006 (H5N1) isolated from a cat in 2006. All calves remained healthy, but several animals shed low amounts of Virus, detected by inoculation of nasal swab fluid into embryonated chicken eggs and onto MDCK cells. All calves seroconverted.
Michiel Van Boven - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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estimation of transmission parameters of h5n1 Avian Influenza Virus in chickens
PLOS Pathogens, 2009Co-Authors: A Bouma, Ivo Claassen, Ketut Natih, Don Klinkenberg, Christl A Donnelly, Guus Koch, Michiel Van BovenAbstract:Despite considerable research efforts, little is yet known about key epidemiological parameters of H5N1 highly pathogenic Influenza Viruses in their Avian hosts. Here we show how these parameters can be estimated using a limited number of birds in experimental transmission studies. Our quantitative estimates, based on Bayesian methods of inference, reveal that (i) the period of latency of H5N1 Influenza Virus in unvaccinated chickens is short (mean: 0.24 days; 95% credible interval: 0.099–0.48 days); (ii) the infectious period of H5N1 Virus in unvaccinated chickens is approximately 2 days (mean: 2.1 days; 95%CI: 1.8–2.3 days); (iii) the reproduction number of H5N1 Virus in unvaccinated chickens need not be high (mean: 1.6; 95%CI: 0.90–2.5), although the Virus is expected to spread rapidly because it has a short generation interval in unvaccinated chickens (mean: 1.3 days; 95%CI: 1.0–1.5 days); and (iv) vaccination with genetically and antigenically distant H5N2 vaccines can effectively halt transmission. Simulations based on the estimated parameters indicate that herd immunity may be obtained if at least 80% of chickens in a flock are vaccinated. We discuss the implications for the control of H5N1 Avian Influenza Virus in areas where it is endemic.
