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Anna-lise Williamson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The complete genome sequences of poxviruses isolated from a penguin and a pigeon in South Africa and comparison to other sequenced Avipoxviruses
BMC Genomics, 2014Co-Authors: Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anelda Philine Van Der Walt, Anna-lise WilliamsonAbstract:Background Two novel Avipoxviruses from South Africa have been sequenced, one from a Feral Pigeon ( Columba livia ) (FeP2) and the other from an African penguin ( Spheniscus demersus ) (PEPV). We present a purpose-designed bioinformatics pipeline for analysis of next generation sequence data of avian poxviruses and compare the different Avipoxviruses sequenced to date with specific emphasis on their evolution and gene content. Results The FeP2 (282 kbp) and PEPV (306 kbp) genomes encode 271 and 284 open reading frames respectively and are more closely related to one another (94.4%) than to either fowlpox virus (FWPV) (85.3% and 84.0% respectively) or Canarypox virus (CNPV) (62.0% and 63.4% respectively). Overall, FeP2, PEPV and FWPV have syntenic gene arrangements; however, major differences exist throughout their genomes. The most striking difference between FeP2 and the FWPV-like Avipoxviruses is a large deletion of ~16 kbp from the central region of the genome of FeP2 deleting a cc-chemokine-like gene, two Variola virus B22R orthologues, an N1R/p28-like gene and a V-type Ig domain family gene. FeP2 and PEPV both encode orthologues of vaccinia virus C7L and Interleukin 10. PEPV contains a 77 amino acid long orthologue of Ubiquitin sharing 97% amino acid identity to human ubiquitin. Conclusions The genome sequences of FeP2 and PEPV have greatly added to the limited repository of genomic information available for the Avipoxvirus genus. In the comparison of FeP2 and PEPV to existing sequences, FWPV and CNPV, we have established insights into African Avipoxvirus evolution. Our data supports the independent evolution of these South African Avipoxviruses from a common ancestral virus to FWPV and CNPV.
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the complete genome sequences of poxviruses isolated from a penguin and a pigeon in south africa and comparison to other sequenced Avipoxviruses
BMC Genomics, 2014Co-Authors: Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anna-lise Williamson, Anelda Van Der WaltAbstract:Two novel Avipoxviruses from South Africa have been sequenced, one from a Feral Pigeon (Columba livia) (FeP2) and the other from an African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) (PEPV). We present a purpose-designed bioinformatics pipeline for analysis of next generation sequence data of avian poxviruses and compare the different Avipoxviruses sequenced to date with specific emphasis on their evolution and gene content. The FeP2 (282 kbp) and PEPV (306 kbp) genomes encode 271 and 284 open reading frames respectively and are more closely related to one another (94.4%) than to either fowlpox virus (FWPV) (85.3% and 84.0% respectively) or Canarypox virus (CNPV) (62.0% and 63.4% respectively). Overall, FeP2, PEPV and FWPV have syntenic gene arrangements; however, major differences exist throughout their genomes. The most striking difference between FeP2 and the FWPV-like Avipoxviruses is a large deletion of ~16 kbp from the central region of the genome of FeP2 deleting a cc-chemokine-like gene, two Variola virus B22R orthologues, an N1R/p28-like gene and a V-type Ig domain family gene. FeP2 and PEPV both encode orthologues of vaccinia virus C7L and Interleukin 10. PEPV contains a 77 amino acid long orthologue of Ubiquitin sharing 97% amino acid identity to human ubiquitin. The genome sequences of FeP2 and PEPV have greatly added to the limited repository of genomic information available for the Avipoxvirus genus. In the comparison of FeP2 and PEPV to existing sequences, FWPV and CNPV, we have established insights into African Avipoxvirus evolution. Our data supports the independent evolution of these South African Avipoxviruses from a common ancestral virus to FWPV and CNPV.
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Phylogenetic and histological variation in Avipoxviruses isolated in South Africa.
Journal of General Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Tertius A. Gous, Anna-lise WilliamsonAbstract:Thirteen novel Avipoxviruses were isolated from birds from different regions of South Africa. These viruses could be divided into six groups, according to gross pathology and pock appearance on chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). Histopathology revealed distinct differences in epidermal and mesodermal cell proliferation, as well as immune cell infiltration, caused by the different Avipoxviruses, even within groups of viruses causing similar CAM gross pathology. In order to determine the genetic relationships among the viruses, several conserved poxvirus genetic regions, corresponding to vaccinia virus (VACV) A3L (fpv167 locus, VACV P4b), G8R (fpv126 locus, VLTF-1), H3L (fpv140 locus, VACV H3L) and A11R–A12L (fpv175–176 locus) were analysed phylogenetically. The South African Avipoxvirus isolates in this study all grouped in clade A, in either subclade A2 or A3 of the genus Avipoxvirus and differ from the commercial fowlpox vaccines (subclade A1) in use in the South African poultry industry. Analysis of different loci resulted in different branching patterns. There was no correlation between gross morphology, histopathology, pock morphology and phylogenetic grouping. There was also no correlation between geographical distribution and virus phenotype or genotype.
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Avian poxvirus epizootic in a breeding population of Lesser Flamingos (Phoenicopterus minor) at Kamfers Dam, Kimberley, South Africa.
Journal of wildlife diseases, 2011Co-Authors: David Zimmermann, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anna-lise Williamson, Mark D. Anderson, Emily P. Lane, Erna Van Wilpe, Antoinette KotzeAbstract:Avian pox has a worldwide distribution, but prior to this investigation has not been reported in free-ranging flamingo populations. During observations of the first successful breeding of Lesser Flamingos on a purpose-built island, at Kamfers Dam near Kimberley, South Africa, multiple small, raised, crusted plaques on the legs and facial area were noticed on 30% of the fledgling flamingos. A diagnosis of Avipoxvirus infection was made on the basis of the macroscopic, histologic, and electron microscopic features, and was further confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The Avipoxvirus detected was very similar to that previously detected in albatross and falcons.
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Phylogenetic analysis of three genes of Penguinpox virus corresponding to Vaccinia virus G8R (VLTF-1), A3L (P4b) and H3L reveals that it is most closely related to Turkeypox virus, Ostrichpox virus and Pigeonpox virus
Virology Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anna-lise WilliamsonAbstract:Phylogenetic analysis of three genes of Penguinpox virus, a novel Avipoxvirus isolated from African penguins, reveals its relationship to other poxviruses. The genes corresponding to Vaccinia virus G8R (VLTF-1), A3L (P4b) and H3L were sequenced and phylogenetic trees (Neighbour-Joining and UPGMA) constructed from MUSCLE nucleotide and amino acid alignments of the equivalent sequences from several different poxviruses. Based on this analysis, PEPV was confirmed to belong to the genus Avipoxvirus, specifically, clade A, subclade A2 and to be most closely related to Turkeypox virus (TKPV), Ostrichpox virus (OSPV)and Pigeonpox virus (PGPV).
Susan I. Jarvi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Real-time amplification of a serially diluted known positive sample.
2013Co-Authors: Margaret E.m. Farias, Dennis A. Lapointe, Carter T. Atkinson, Christopher Czerwonka, Rajesh Shrestha, Susan I. JarviAbstract:PCR base line subtracted curve fit data shows amplification of the Avipoxvirus 4b core protein gene from a 1∶2 serial dilution of first reaction PCR product using gDNA from Avipoxvirus culture lysate as template. The threshold for this reaction was 79.0 rfu.
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Ct values, Ct differences between dilutions, and final intensities for serial dilution of first reaction products from Avipoxvirus culture lysate.
2013Co-Authors: Margaret E.m. Farias, Dennis A. Lapointe, Carter T. Atkinson, Christopher Czerwonka, Rajesh Shrestha, Susan I. JarviAbstract:Ct values, Ct differences between dilutions, and final intensities for serial dilution of first reaction products from Avipoxvirus culture lysate.
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Ct values, final intensities and sequencing results from triplicate nested TaqMan Real-Time PCR reactions for packed cell samples from wild `amakihi with presumptive pox lesions.
2013Co-Authors: Margaret E.m. Farias, Dennis A. Lapointe, Carter T. Atkinson, Christopher Czerwonka, Rajesh Shrestha, Susan I. JarviAbstract:Successful amplifications (Ct425) are indicated in bold. All values are based on PCR Base Line Subtracted Curve Fit Data as calculated using iCycler version 3.1 software (BioRad). The threshold intensity was 37.0 rfu for the first reaction, 48.3 rfu for the second reaction, and 10.8 rfu for the third reaction.1A dash (−) indicates a failed first reaction and potential false negative, N/A indicates that no Ct value was assigned because the signal for the sample never reached the threshold intensity for that reaction.2Variant numbers correspond to Avipoxvirus clusters 1 and 2 as previously described [8]; NS indicates not sequenced.
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REVERSION TO VIRULENCE AND EFFICACY OF AN ATTENUATED CANARYPOX VACCINE IN HAWAI‘I ‘AMAKIHI (HEMIGNATHUS VIRENS)
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians, 2012Co-Authors: Carter T. Atkinson, Kimberly C. Wiegand, Dennis Triglia, Susan I. JarviAbstract:Abstract: Vaccines may be effective tools for protecting small populations of highly susceptible endangered, captive-reared, or translocated Hawaiian honeycreepers from introduced Avipoxvirus, but their efficacy has not been evaluated. An attenuated Canarypox vaccine that is genetically similar to one of two passerine Avipoxvirus isolates from Hawai‘i and distinct from Fowlpox was tested to evaluate whether Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) can be protected from wild isolates of Avipoxvirus from the Hawaiian Islands. Thirty-one (31) Hawai‘i ‘Amakihi were collected from high-elevation habitats on Mauna Kea Volcano, where pox transmission is rare, and randomly divided into two groups. One group was vaccinated with Poximune C®, whereas the other group received a sham vaccination with sterile water. Four of 15 (27%) vaccinated birds developed life-threatening disseminated lesions or lesions of unusually long duration, whereas one bird never developed a vaccine-associated lesion or “take.” After vaccine le...
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Taqman Real-Time PCR Detects Avipoxvirus DNA in Blood of Hawaìi `Amakihi ( Hemignathus virens )
PloS one, 2010Co-Authors: Margaret E.m. Farias, Dennis A. Lapointe, Carter T. Atkinson, Christopher Czerwonka, Rajesh Shrestha, Susan I. JarviAbstract:Background: Avipoxvirus sp. is a significant threat to endemic bird populations on several groups of islands worldwide, including Hawaii, the Galapagos Islands, and the Canary Islands. Accurate identification and genotyping of Avipoxvirus is critical to the study of this disease and how it interacts with other pathogens, but currently available methods rely on invasive sampling of pox-like lesions and may be especially harmful in smaller birds. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we present a nested TaqMan Real-Time PCR for the detection of the Avipoxvirus 4b core protein gene in archived blood samples from Hawaiian birds. The method was successful in amplifying Avipoxvirus DNA from packed blood cells of one of seven Hawaiian honeycreepers with confirmed Avipoxvirus infections and 13 of 28 Hawaiiamakihi (Hemignathus virens) with suspected Avipoxvirus infections based on the presence of pox-like lesions. Mixed genotype infections have not previously been documented in Hawaii but were observed in two individuals in this study. Conclusions/Significance: We anticipate that this method will be applicable to other closely related strains of Avipoxvirus and will become an important and useful tool in global studies of the epidemiology of Avipoxvirus.
Michael A. Skinner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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spotlight on avian pathology fowlpox virus
Avian Pathology, 2019Co-Authors: Es Giotis, Michael A. SkinnerAbstract:Fowlpox virus is the type species of an extensive and poorly-defined group of viruses isolated from more than 200 species of birds, together comprising the Avipoxvirus genus of the poxvirus family. Long known as a significant poultry pathogen, vaccines developed in the early and middle years of the twentieth century led to its effective eradication as a problem to commercial production in temperate climes in developed western countries (such that vaccination there is now far less common). Transmitted mechanically by biting insects, it remains problematic, causing significant losses to all forms of production (from backyard, through extensive to intensive commercial flocks), in tropical climes where control of biting insects is difficult. In these regions, vaccination (via intradermal or subcutaneous, and increasingly in ovo, routes) remains necessary. Although there is no evidence that more than a single serotype exists, there are poorly-described reports of outbreaks in vaccinated flocks. Whether this is due to inadequate vaccination or penetrance of novel variants remains unclear. Some such outbreaks have been associated with strains carrying endogenous, infectious proviral copies of the retrovirus reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), which might represent a pathotypic (if not newly emerging) variant in the field. Until more is known about the phylogenetic structure of the Avipoxvirus genus (by more widespread genome sequencing of isolates from different species of birds) it remains difficult to ascertain the risk of novel Avipoxviruses emerging from wild birds (and/or by recombination/mutation) to infect farmed poultry.
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genetic screen of a library of chimeric poxviruses identifies an ankyrin repeat protein involved in resistance to the avian type i interferon response
Journal of Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Karen Buttigieg, Stephen M Laidlaw, Marc Davies, Craig Ross, Stephen Goodbourn, Michael A. SkinnerAbstract:Viruses must be able to resist host innate responses, especially the type I interferon (IFN) response. They do so by preventing the induction or activity of IFN and/or by resisting the antiviral effectors that it induces. Poxviruses are no exception, with many mechanisms identified whereby mammalian poxviruses, notably, vaccinia virus (VACV), but also cowpox and myxoma viruses, are able to evade host IFN responses. Similar mechanisms have not been described for avian poxviruses (Avipoxviruses). Restricted for permissive replication to avian hosts, they have received less attention; moreover, the avian host responses are less well characterized. We show that the prototypic Avipoxvirus, fowlpox virus (FWPV), is highly resistant to the antiviral effects of avian IFN. A gain-of-function genetic screen identified fpv014 to contribute to increased resistance to exogenous recombinant chicken alpha IFN (ChIFN1). fpv014 is a member of the large family of poxvirus (especially Avipoxvirus) genes that encode proteins containing N-terminal ankyrin repeats (ANKs) and C-terminal F-box-like motifs. By binding the Skp1/cullin-1 complex, the F box in such proteins appears to target ligands bound by the ANKs for ubiquitination. Mass spectrometry and immunoblotting demonstrated that tandem affinity-purified, tagged fpv014 was complexed with chicken cullin-1 and Skp1. Prior infection with an fpv014-knockout mutant of FWPV still blocked transfected poly(I·C)-mediated induction of the beta IFN (ChIFN2) promoter as effectively as parental FWPV, but the mutant was more sensitive to exogenous ChIFN1. Therefore, unlike the related protein fpv012, fpv014 does not contribute to the FWPV block to induction of ChIFN2 but does confer resistance to an established antiviral state.
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worldwide phylogenetic relationship of avian poxviruses
Journal of Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Miklos Gyuranecz, Michael A. Skinner, Jeffrey T Foster, Hon S Ip, Kristina F Egstad, Patricia G Parker, Jenni M Higashiguchi, Ursula Hofle, Zsuzsa Kreizinger, Gerry M DorresteinAbstract:Poxvirus infections have been found in 230 species of wild and domestic birds worldwide in both terrestrial and marine environments. This ubiquity raises the question of how infection has been transmitted and globally dispersed. We present a comprehensive global phylogeny of 111 novel poxvirus isolates in addition to all available sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of the Avipoxvirus genus has traditionally relied on one gene region (4b core protein). In this study we expanded the analyses to include a second locus (DNA polymerase gene), allowing for a more robust phylogenetic framework, finer genetic resolution within specific groups, and the detection of potential recombination. Our phylogenetic results reveal several major features of Avipoxvirus evolution and ecology and propose an updated Avipoxvirus taxonomy, including three novel subclades. The characterization of poxviruses from 57 species of birds in this study extends the current knowledge of their host range and provides the first evidence of the phylogenetic effect of genetic recombination of Avipoxviruses. The repeated occurrence of avian family or order-specific grouping within certain clades (e.g., starling poxvirus, falcon poxvirus, raptor poxvirus, etc.) indicates a marked role of host adaptation, while the sharing of poxvirus species within prey-predator systems emphasizes the capacity for cross-species infection and limited host adaptation. Our study provides a broad and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Avipoxvirus genus, an ecologically and environmentally important viral group, to formulate a genome sequencing strategy that will clarify Avipoxvirus taxonomy.
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Avipoxvirus phylogenetics: identification of a PCR length polymorphism that discriminates between the two major clades.
The Journal of general virology, 2006Co-Authors: Susan Jarmin, Stephen M Laidlaw, Ruth Manvell, Richard E Gough, Michael A. SkinnerAbstract:Avipoxvirus infections have been observed in an extensive range of wild, captive and domesticated avian hosts, yet little is known about the genome diversity and host-range specificity of the causative agent(s). Genome-sequence data are largely restricted to Fowlpox virus (FWPV) and Canarypox virus (CNPV), which have been sequenced completely, showing considerable divergence between them. It is therefore proving difficult, by empirical approaches, to identify pan-genus, Avipoxvirus-specific oligonucleotide probes for PCR and sequencing to support phylogenetic studies. A previous preliminary study used the fpv167 locus, which encodes orthologues of vaccinia virus core protein P4b (A3). PCR per se did not discriminate between viruses, but restriction-enzyme or sequence analysis indicated that the Avipoxviruses clustered either with FWPV or with CNPV. Here, further study of the P4b locus demonstrated a third cluster, from psittacine birds. A newly identified locus, flanking fpv140 (orthologue of vaccinia virus H3L), confirms the taxonomic structure. This locus is particularly useful in that viruses from the fowlpox-like and canarypox-like clusters can be discriminated by PCR on the basis of fragment size, whilst sequence comparison allows discrimination for the first time between Pigeonpox virus and Turkeypox virus. Except within the psittacines, virus and avian host taxonomies do not show tight correlation, with viruses from the same species located in very different clades. Nor are all the existing recognized Avipoxvirus species, defined primarily by avian host species (such as CNPV and Sparrowpox virus), resolved within the present structure.
Olivia Carulei - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The complete genome sequences of poxviruses isolated from a penguin and a pigeon in South Africa and comparison to other sequenced Avipoxviruses
BMC Genomics, 2014Co-Authors: Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anelda Philine Van Der Walt, Anna-lise WilliamsonAbstract:Background Two novel Avipoxviruses from South Africa have been sequenced, one from a Feral Pigeon ( Columba livia ) (FeP2) and the other from an African penguin ( Spheniscus demersus ) (PEPV). We present a purpose-designed bioinformatics pipeline for analysis of next generation sequence data of avian poxviruses and compare the different Avipoxviruses sequenced to date with specific emphasis on their evolution and gene content. Results The FeP2 (282 kbp) and PEPV (306 kbp) genomes encode 271 and 284 open reading frames respectively and are more closely related to one another (94.4%) than to either fowlpox virus (FWPV) (85.3% and 84.0% respectively) or Canarypox virus (CNPV) (62.0% and 63.4% respectively). Overall, FeP2, PEPV and FWPV have syntenic gene arrangements; however, major differences exist throughout their genomes. The most striking difference between FeP2 and the FWPV-like Avipoxviruses is a large deletion of ~16 kbp from the central region of the genome of FeP2 deleting a cc-chemokine-like gene, two Variola virus B22R orthologues, an N1R/p28-like gene and a V-type Ig domain family gene. FeP2 and PEPV both encode orthologues of vaccinia virus C7L and Interleukin 10. PEPV contains a 77 amino acid long orthologue of Ubiquitin sharing 97% amino acid identity to human ubiquitin. Conclusions The genome sequences of FeP2 and PEPV have greatly added to the limited repository of genomic information available for the Avipoxvirus genus. In the comparison of FeP2 and PEPV to existing sequences, FWPV and CNPV, we have established insights into African Avipoxvirus evolution. Our data supports the independent evolution of these South African Avipoxviruses from a common ancestral virus to FWPV and CNPV.
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the complete genome sequences of poxviruses isolated from a penguin and a pigeon in south africa and comparison to other sequenced Avipoxviruses
BMC Genomics, 2014Co-Authors: Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anna-lise Williamson, Anelda Van Der WaltAbstract:Two novel Avipoxviruses from South Africa have been sequenced, one from a Feral Pigeon (Columba livia) (FeP2) and the other from an African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) (PEPV). We present a purpose-designed bioinformatics pipeline for analysis of next generation sequence data of avian poxviruses and compare the different Avipoxviruses sequenced to date with specific emphasis on their evolution and gene content. The FeP2 (282 kbp) and PEPV (306 kbp) genomes encode 271 and 284 open reading frames respectively and are more closely related to one another (94.4%) than to either fowlpox virus (FWPV) (85.3% and 84.0% respectively) or Canarypox virus (CNPV) (62.0% and 63.4% respectively). Overall, FeP2, PEPV and FWPV have syntenic gene arrangements; however, major differences exist throughout their genomes. The most striking difference between FeP2 and the FWPV-like Avipoxviruses is a large deletion of ~16 kbp from the central region of the genome of FeP2 deleting a cc-chemokine-like gene, two Variola virus B22R orthologues, an N1R/p28-like gene and a V-type Ig domain family gene. FeP2 and PEPV both encode orthologues of vaccinia virus C7L and Interleukin 10. PEPV contains a 77 amino acid long orthologue of Ubiquitin sharing 97% amino acid identity to human ubiquitin. The genome sequences of FeP2 and PEPV have greatly added to the limited repository of genomic information available for the Avipoxvirus genus. In the comparison of FeP2 and PEPV to existing sequences, FWPV and CNPV, we have established insights into African Avipoxvirus evolution. Our data supports the independent evolution of these South African Avipoxviruses from a common ancestral virus to FWPV and CNPV.
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Phylogenetic and histological variation in Avipoxviruses isolated in South Africa.
Journal of General Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Tertius A. Gous, Anna-lise WilliamsonAbstract:Thirteen novel Avipoxviruses were isolated from birds from different regions of South Africa. These viruses could be divided into six groups, according to gross pathology and pock appearance on chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). Histopathology revealed distinct differences in epidermal and mesodermal cell proliferation, as well as immune cell infiltration, caused by the different Avipoxviruses, even within groups of viruses causing similar CAM gross pathology. In order to determine the genetic relationships among the viruses, several conserved poxvirus genetic regions, corresponding to vaccinia virus (VACV) A3L (fpv167 locus, VACV P4b), G8R (fpv126 locus, VLTF-1), H3L (fpv140 locus, VACV H3L) and A11R–A12L (fpv175–176 locus) were analysed phylogenetically. The South African Avipoxvirus isolates in this study all grouped in clade A, in either subclade A2 or A3 of the genus Avipoxvirus and differ from the commercial fowlpox vaccines (subclade A1) in use in the South African poultry industry. Analysis of different loci resulted in different branching patterns. There was no correlation between gross morphology, histopathology, pock morphology and phylogenetic grouping. There was also no correlation between geographical distribution and virus phenotype or genotype.
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Avian poxvirus epizootic in a breeding population of Lesser Flamingos (Phoenicopterus minor) at Kamfers Dam, Kimberley, South Africa.
Journal of wildlife diseases, 2011Co-Authors: David Zimmermann, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anna-lise Williamson, Mark D. Anderson, Emily P. Lane, Erna Van Wilpe, Antoinette KotzeAbstract:Avian pox has a worldwide distribution, but prior to this investigation has not been reported in free-ranging flamingo populations. During observations of the first successful breeding of Lesser Flamingos on a purpose-built island, at Kamfers Dam near Kimberley, South Africa, multiple small, raised, crusted plaques on the legs and facial area were noticed on 30% of the fledgling flamingos. A diagnosis of Avipoxvirus infection was made on the basis of the macroscopic, histologic, and electron microscopic features, and was further confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. The Avipoxvirus detected was very similar to that previously detected in albatross and falcons.
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Phylogenetic analysis of three genes of Penguinpox virus corresponding to Vaccinia virus G8R (VLTF-1), A3L (P4b) and H3L reveals that it is most closely related to Turkeypox virus, Ostrichpox virus and Pigeonpox virus
Virology Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anna-lise WilliamsonAbstract:Phylogenetic analysis of three genes of Penguinpox virus, a novel Avipoxvirus isolated from African penguins, reveals its relationship to other poxviruses. The genes corresponding to Vaccinia virus G8R (VLTF-1), A3L (P4b) and H3L were sequenced and phylogenetic trees (Neighbour-Joining and UPGMA) constructed from MUSCLE nucleotide and amino acid alignments of the equivalent sequences from several different poxviruses. Based on this analysis, PEPV was confirmed to belong to the genus Avipoxvirus, specifically, clade A, subclade A2 and to be most closely related to Turkeypox virus (TKPV), Ostrichpox virus (OSPV)and Pigeonpox virus (PGPV).
Kristy Offerman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the complete genome sequences of poxviruses isolated from a penguin and a pigeon in south africa and comparison to other sequenced Avipoxviruses
BMC Genomics, 2014Co-Authors: Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anna-lise Williamson, Anelda Van Der WaltAbstract:Two novel Avipoxviruses from South Africa have been sequenced, one from a Feral Pigeon (Columba livia) (FeP2) and the other from an African penguin (Spheniscus demersus) (PEPV). We present a purpose-designed bioinformatics pipeline for analysis of next generation sequence data of avian poxviruses and compare the different Avipoxviruses sequenced to date with specific emphasis on their evolution and gene content. The FeP2 (282 kbp) and PEPV (306 kbp) genomes encode 271 and 284 open reading frames respectively and are more closely related to one another (94.4%) than to either fowlpox virus (FWPV) (85.3% and 84.0% respectively) or Canarypox virus (CNPV) (62.0% and 63.4% respectively). Overall, FeP2, PEPV and FWPV have syntenic gene arrangements; however, major differences exist throughout their genomes. The most striking difference between FeP2 and the FWPV-like Avipoxviruses is a large deletion of ~16 kbp from the central region of the genome of FeP2 deleting a cc-chemokine-like gene, two Variola virus B22R orthologues, an N1R/p28-like gene and a V-type Ig domain family gene. FeP2 and PEPV both encode orthologues of vaccinia virus C7L and Interleukin 10. PEPV contains a 77 amino acid long orthologue of Ubiquitin sharing 97% amino acid identity to human ubiquitin. The genome sequences of FeP2 and PEPV have greatly added to the limited repository of genomic information available for the Avipoxvirus genus. In the comparison of FeP2 and PEPV to existing sequences, FWPV and CNPV, we have established insights into African Avipoxvirus evolution. Our data supports the independent evolution of these South African Avipoxviruses from a common ancestral virus to FWPV and CNPV.
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The complete genome sequences of poxviruses isolated from a penguin and a pigeon in South Africa and comparison to other sequenced Avipoxviruses
BMC Genomics, 2014Co-Authors: Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Anelda Philine Van Der Walt, Anna-lise WilliamsonAbstract:Background Two novel Avipoxviruses from South Africa have been sequenced, one from a Feral Pigeon ( Columba livia ) (FeP2) and the other from an African penguin ( Spheniscus demersus ) (PEPV). We present a purpose-designed bioinformatics pipeline for analysis of next generation sequence data of avian poxviruses and compare the different Avipoxviruses sequenced to date with specific emphasis on their evolution and gene content. Results The FeP2 (282 kbp) and PEPV (306 kbp) genomes encode 271 and 284 open reading frames respectively and are more closely related to one another (94.4%) than to either fowlpox virus (FWPV) (85.3% and 84.0% respectively) or Canarypox virus (CNPV) (62.0% and 63.4% respectively). Overall, FeP2, PEPV and FWPV have syntenic gene arrangements; however, major differences exist throughout their genomes. The most striking difference between FeP2 and the FWPV-like Avipoxviruses is a large deletion of ~16 kbp from the central region of the genome of FeP2 deleting a cc-chemokine-like gene, two Variola virus B22R orthologues, an N1R/p28-like gene and a V-type Ig domain family gene. FeP2 and PEPV both encode orthologues of vaccinia virus C7L and Interleukin 10. PEPV contains a 77 amino acid long orthologue of Ubiquitin sharing 97% amino acid identity to human ubiquitin. Conclusions The genome sequences of FeP2 and PEPV have greatly added to the limited repository of genomic information available for the Avipoxvirus genus. In the comparison of FeP2 and PEPV to existing sequences, FWPV and CNPV, we have established insights into African Avipoxvirus evolution. Our data supports the independent evolution of these South African Avipoxviruses from a common ancestral virus to FWPV and CNPV.
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Phylogenetic and histological variation in Avipoxviruses isolated in South Africa.
Journal of General Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Kristy Offerman, Olivia Carulei, Nicola Douglass, Tertius A. Gous, Anna-lise WilliamsonAbstract:Thirteen novel Avipoxviruses were isolated from birds from different regions of South Africa. These viruses could be divided into six groups, according to gross pathology and pock appearance on chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). Histopathology revealed distinct differences in epidermal and mesodermal cell proliferation, as well as immune cell infiltration, caused by the different Avipoxviruses, even within groups of viruses causing similar CAM gross pathology. In order to determine the genetic relationships among the viruses, several conserved poxvirus genetic regions, corresponding to vaccinia virus (VACV) A3L (fpv167 locus, VACV P4b), G8R (fpv126 locus, VLTF-1), H3L (fpv140 locus, VACV H3L) and A11R–A12L (fpv175–176 locus) were analysed phylogenetically. The South African Avipoxvirus isolates in this study all grouped in clade A, in either subclade A2 or A3 of the genus Avipoxvirus and differ from the commercial fowlpox vaccines (subclade A1) in use in the South African poultry industry. Analysis of different loci resulted in different branching patterns. There was no correlation between gross morphology, histopathology, pock morphology and phylogenetic grouping. There was also no correlation between geographical distribution and virus phenotype or genotype.
