The Experts below are selected from a list of 1770 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fernando A Cabral - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Lycopene-rich Avocado Oil obtained by simultaneous supercritical extraction from Avocado pulp and tomato pomace
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2017Co-Authors: Helena Dias De Freitas Queiroz Barros, Renato Grimaldi, Fernando A CabralAbstract:Abstract Tomato pomace is a residue of tomato processing which contains lycopene and Oil, and is generated in large quantities by the tomato processing industry. Raw Avocado Oil is a special Oil similar to olive Oil. In order to combine the advantage of using a clean technology with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) to extract Avocado Oil and use it as a co-solvent with scCO 2 in carotenoid extraction from tomato pomace, simultaneous extractions of Oil and lycopene were carried out to produce an Avocado Oil enriched with lycopene and a semi defatted Avocado cake of potential commercial value. Therefore, freeze-dried Avocado and tomato pomace were placed separately in the same fixed bed extractor, where lipids and lycopene were simultaneously extracted with scCO 2 , first passing through the Avocado bed and then both scCO 2 and the Oil extracted from Avocado passed through the second bed of tomato pomace. Lipids extracted in the first bed served as a co-solvent with scCO 2 for lycopene extraction in the second bed. The experiments were performed using different proportions of the raw materials at 50 °C and 400 bar and in equal parts of Avocado pulp and tomato pomace while varying the temperature and pressure conditions (40, 50 and 60 °C; 200, 300 and 400 bar). The results showed that the lycopene extraction yields (lycopene recovery) increased as the proportion of Avocado increased and the best condition for extraction of lycopene present in tomato pomace was at 400 bar and 50 °C. The extracts are raw Avocado Oils enriched with about 110–170 μg of lycopene per gram of Oil, resulting from up to 80% recovery of Oil and lycopene. The resulting Avocado cake is a semi-defatted product with potential commercial value.
-
extraction of edible Avocado Oil using supercritical co2 and a co2 ethanol mixture as solvents
Journal of Food Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Sayuri C.s. Corzzini, Helena Dias De Freitas Queiroz Barros, Renato Grimaldi, Fernando A CabralAbstract:Abstract Avocado Oil is similar to olive Oil, it can be used as an ingredient in functional foods since it contain high contents of vitamins and phytosterols and its triacylglycerols contain high contents of unsaturated fatty acid. The present study sought to evaluate the technical viability of extraction of Avocado Oil by supercritical technology using GRAS solvents (Generally Recognized as Safe). Freeze-dried Avocado (Persea Americana) pulp with 65% lipids was subjected to supercritical extraction in a fixed bed at temperatures of 40, 60, and 80 °C and pressures of 200, 300 and 400 bar, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a solvent in a first step, and a scCO2/ethanol mixture (93/7 w/w) in a second step. Extraction curves (mass of Oil extracted versus extraction time) were obtained from the overall extraction yields, and from this curve the solubility of Oil in scCO2 was calculated. The extraction appeared to be technically viable to obtain up to 98% Oil recovery. The solubility values correlated well with the Chrastil equation, and presented similar order of magnitude to the solubility of Oils reported in literature.
-
Extraction of edible Avocado Oil using supercritical CO2 and a CO2/ethanol mixture as solvents
Journal of Food Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Sayuri C.s. Corzzini, Helena Dias De Freitas Queiroz Barros, Renato Grimaldi, Fernando A CabralAbstract:Abstract Avocado Oil is similar to olive Oil, it can be used as an ingredient in functional foods since it contain high contents of vitamins and phytosterols and its triacylglycerols contain high contents of unsaturated fatty acid. The present study sought to evaluate the technical viability of extraction of Avocado Oil by supercritical technology using GRAS solvents (Generally Recognized as Safe). Freeze-dried Avocado (Persea Americana) pulp with 65% lipids was subjected to supercritical extraction in a fixed bed at temperatures of 40, 60, and 80 °C and pressures of 200, 300 and 400 bar, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a solvent in a first step, and a scCO2/ethanol mixture (93/7 w/w) in a second step. Extraction curves (mass of Oil extracted versus extraction time) were obtained from the overall extraction yields, and from this curve the solubility of Oil in scCO2 was calculated. The extraction appeared to be technically viable to obtain up to 98% Oil recovery. The solubility values correlated well with the Chrastil equation, and presented similar order of magnitude to the solubility of Oils reported in literature.
Christian Cortés-rojo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Avocado Oil and Diabetic Complications Related to Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Diabetes, 2019Co-Authors: Christian Cortés-rojo, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-orozco, Rocío Montoya-pérez, Elizabeth Calderon-cortesAbstract:Abstract Excessive intracellular glucose during diabetes causes disturbances in mitochondria leading to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage to biomolecules. ROS and some products of oxidized biomolecules act like messengers activating pathways leading to inflammation, fibrosis, cell death, and other alterations related to tissue degeneration in target organs of diabetes. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation have been targeted for interventions counteracting diabetic complications. In this chapter, we described the protective effects of Avocado Oil, a rich source of oleic acid and bioactive compounds, against oxidative stress, ROS generation, and defective function of the electron transport chain in mitochondria from kidney, liver, and brain of diabetic models. These beneficial actions, along with its hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects, guarantee further research to test the impact of Avocado Oil on the pathways causing tissue degeneration and the implementation of clinical trials to study its effectiveness along with pharmacological approaches to delay diabetic complications.
-
Comparative effects of Avocado Oil and losartan on blood pressure, renal vascular function, and mitochondrial oxidative stress in hypertensive rats.
Nutrition (Burbank Los Angeles County Calif.), 2018Co-Authors: Cristian Adrián Márquez-ramírez, Omar Ortiz-avila, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-orozco, Jose Lucio Hernandez De La Paz, Andres Raya-farias, Juan Carlos González-hernández, Rafael Salgado-garciglia, Daniel Godínez-hernández, Christian Cortés-rojoAbstract:Abstract Objective Angiotensin II (Ang-II) antagonism alleviates hypertensive kidney damage by improving mitochondrial function and decreasing oxidative stress. This condition also is associated with altered renal vascular tone due to enhanced constriction by Ang-II. Thus, approaches ameliorating these events are desirable to alleviate kidney damage. Avocado Oil, a source of antioxidants and oleic acid, is known to improve mitochondrial function, while oleic acid has antihypertensive effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether Avocado Oil counteracts, to a similar degree as the Ang-II blocker losartan, the deleterious effects of hypertension on blood pressure, renal vascular performance, kidney mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Methods Hypertensive rats induced with Nω-nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were supplemented during 45 d with Avocado Oil or losartan. Vascular responses were analyzed in perfused kidney. Membrane potential, reactive oxygen species levels, and glutathione were analyzed in isolated kidney mitochondria. Results In hypertensive rats, Avocado Oil decreased 21.2% and 15.5% diastolic and systolic blood pressures, respectively, and alleviated impaired renal vasodilation. Hypertension decreased membrane potential by 83.7% and augmented reactive oxygen species levels by 51% in mitochondria fueled with a complex I substrate, whereas it augmented the levels of oxidized glutathione in 48%. These alterations were normalized by Avocado Oil at a comparable degree to losartan. Conclusions Because Avocado Oil mimicked the effects of losartan, we propose that the effects of Avocado Oil might be mediated by decreasing the actions of Ang-II on mitochondria. These results suggest that Avocado Oil intake might be a nutritional approach to attenuate the deleterious effects of hypertension on kidney.
-
Avocado Oil induces long-term alleviation of oxidative damage in kidney mitochondria from type 2 diabetic rats by improving glutathione status
Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes, 2017Co-Authors: Omar Ortiz-avila, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-orozco, Elizabeth Calderon-cortes, Maria Del Consuelo Figueroa-garcia, Claudia Isabel García-berumen, Jorge A. Mejía-barajas, Ricardo Mejía-zepeda, Christian Cortés-rojoAbstract:Hyperglycemia and mitochondrial ROS overproduction have been identified as key factors involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This has encouraged the search for strategies decreasing glucose levels and long-term improvement of redox status of glutathione, the main antioxidant counteracting mitochondrial damage. Previously, we have shown that Avocado Oil improves redox status of glutathione in liver and brain mitochondria from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; however, the long-term effects of Avocado Oil and its hypoglycemic effect cannot be evaluated because this model displays low survival and insulin depletion. Therefore, we tested during 1 year the effects of Avocado Oil on glycemia, ROS levels, lipid peroxidation and glutathione status in kidney mitochondria from type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Diabetic rats exhibited glycemia of 120–186 mg/dL the first 9 months with a further increase to 250–300 mg/dL. Avocado Oil decreased hyperglycemia at intermediate levels between diabetic and control rats. Diabetic rats displayed augmented lipid peroxidation and depletion of reduced glutathione throughout the study, while increased ROS generation was observed at the 3rd and 12th months along with diminished content of total glutathione at the 6th and 12th months. Avocado Oil ameliorated all these defects and augmented the mitochondrial content of oleic acid. The beneficial effects of Avocado Oil are discussed in terms of the hypoglycemic effect of oleic acid and the probable dependence of glutathione transport on lipid peroxidation and thiol oxidation of mitochondrial carriers.
-
Protective effects of dietary Avocado Oil on impaired electron transport chain function and exacerbated oxidative stress in liver mitochondria from diabetic rats
Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Ortiz-avila, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-orozco, Rocío Montoya-pérez, Elizabeth Calderon-cortes, Ricardo Mejía-zepeda, Marco Alonso Gallegos-corona, Luis Alberto Sánchez-briones, Jesús Campos-garcía, Christian Cortés-rojoAbstract:Electron transport chain (ETC) dysfunction, excessive ROS generation and lipid peroxidation are hallmarks of mitochondrial injury in the diabetic liver, with these alterations also playing a role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to lipid peroxidation during diabetes has been also associated to augmented content of C22:6 in membrane phospholipids. Thus, we aimed to test whether Avocado Oil, a rich source of C18:1 and antioxidants, attenuates the deleterious effects of diabetes on oxidative status of liver mitochondria by decreasing unsaturation of acyl chains of membrane lipids and/or by improving ETC functionality and decreasing ROS generation. Streptozocin-induced diabetes elicited a noticeable increase in the content of C22:6, leading to augmented mitochondrial peroxidizability index and higher levels of lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial respiration and complex I activity were impaired in diabetic rats with a concomitant increase in ROS generation using a complex I substrate. This was associated to a more oxidized state of glutathione, All these alterations were prevented by Avocado Oil except by the changes in mitochondrial fatty acid composition. Avocado Oil did not prevented hyperglycemia and polyphagia although did normalized hyperlipidemia. Neither diabetes nor Avocado Oil induced steatosis. These results suggest that Avocado Oil improves mitochondrial ETC function by attenuating the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in the liver of diabetic rats independently of a hypoglycemic effect or by modifying the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes. These findings might have also significant implications in the progression of NAFLD in experimental models of steatosis.
-
Avocado Oil Improves Mitochondrial Function and Decreases Oxidative Stress in Brain of Diabetic Rats.
Journal of diabetes research, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Ortiz-avila, Mauricio Esquivel-martínez, Berenice Eridani Olmos-orizaba, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-orozco, Christian Cortés-rojoAbstract:Diabetic encephalopathy is a diabetic complication related to the metabolic alterations featuring diabetes. Diabetes is characterized by increased lipid peroxidation, altered glutathione redox status, exacerbated levels of ROS, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy remains to be clarified, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of 90-day Avocado Oil intake in brain mitochondrial function and oxidative status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ rats). Avocado Oil improves brain mitochondrial function in diabetic rats preventing impairment of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ), besides increasing complex III activity. Avocado Oil also decreased ROS levels and lipid peroxidation and improved the GSH/GSSG ratio as well. These results demonstrate that Avocado Oil supplementation prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diabetes in association with decreased oxidative stress.
Mei Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Avocado Oil coconut Oil walnut Oil as true Oil phase for ion transfer at nanoscale liquid liquid interfaces
Electrochimica Acta, 2020Co-Authors: Ran Chen, Mei ShenAbstract:Abstract The interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES), typically formed between an organic (Oil) phase and an aqueous phase, is essential for chemical sensing and for studying various electron transfer and ion transfer reactions. Solvent, as part of ITIES structure, plays critical roles in electrochemical reactions at ITIES. While different kinds of organic phases, including viscous ionic liquid, have been reported, use of true Oils as organic phase has rarely been explored. In this study, we introduce true Oils, including Avocado Oil, coconut Oil, and walnut Oil as new organic solvents for ITIES. We observed well defined potential windows, and sigmoidal cyclic voltammograms for ion transfer. We further measured the ion transfer rate constants at true Oil-water interfaces supported at nanopipette of ∼20–60 nm in radius. Our study offers additional insights on the effect of solvent viscosity on the ion transfer rate at the liquid/liquid interface, with the viscosity of these true Oils being ∼ 50–70 times that of 1, 2-dichloroethane. We measured the standard ion transfer rate constants of tetrabutylammonium to be 0.21–0.32 cm / s at these true Oil-water interface. This work lays the foundation to expand ITIES platform to explore new reactions, playing critical roles in separation science, chemical sensing, chemical synthesis, catalysis, etc.
-
Avocado Oil, coconut Oil, walnut Oil as true Oil phase for ion transfer at nanoscale liquid/liquid interfaces
Electrochimica Acta, 2020Co-Authors: Ran Chen, Mei ShenAbstract:Abstract The interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions (ITIES), typically formed between an organic (Oil) phase and an aqueous phase, is essential for chemical sensing and for studying various electron transfer and ion transfer reactions. Solvent, as part of ITIES structure, plays critical roles in electrochemical reactions at ITIES. While different kinds of organic phases, including viscous ionic liquid, have been reported, use of true Oils as organic phase has rarely been explored. In this study, we introduce true Oils, including Avocado Oil, coconut Oil, and walnut Oil as new organic solvents for ITIES. We observed well defined potential windows, and sigmoidal cyclic voltammograms for ion transfer. We further measured the ion transfer rate constants at true Oil-water interfaces supported at nanopipette of ∼20–60 nm in radius. Our study offers additional insights on the effect of solvent viscosity on the ion transfer rate at the liquid/liquid interface, with the viscosity of these true Oils being ∼ 50–70 times that of 1, 2-dichloroethane. We measured the standard ion transfer rate constants of tetrabutylammonium to be 0.21–0.32 cm / s at these true Oil-water interface. This work lays the foundation to expand ITIES platform to explore new reactions, playing critical roles in separation science, chemical sensing, chemical synthesis, catalysis, etc.
Omar Ortiz-avila - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Comparative effects of Avocado Oil and losartan on blood pressure, renal vascular function, and mitochondrial oxidative stress in hypertensive rats.
Nutrition (Burbank Los Angeles County Calif.), 2018Co-Authors: Cristian Adrián Márquez-ramírez, Omar Ortiz-avila, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-orozco, Jose Lucio Hernandez De La Paz, Andres Raya-farias, Juan Carlos González-hernández, Rafael Salgado-garciglia, Daniel Godínez-hernández, Christian Cortés-rojoAbstract:Abstract Objective Angiotensin II (Ang-II) antagonism alleviates hypertensive kidney damage by improving mitochondrial function and decreasing oxidative stress. This condition also is associated with altered renal vascular tone due to enhanced constriction by Ang-II. Thus, approaches ameliorating these events are desirable to alleviate kidney damage. Avocado Oil, a source of antioxidants and oleic acid, is known to improve mitochondrial function, while oleic acid has antihypertensive effects. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether Avocado Oil counteracts, to a similar degree as the Ang-II blocker losartan, the deleterious effects of hypertension on blood pressure, renal vascular performance, kidney mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress. Methods Hypertensive rats induced with Nω-nitro- l -arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) were supplemented during 45 d with Avocado Oil or losartan. Vascular responses were analyzed in perfused kidney. Membrane potential, reactive oxygen species levels, and glutathione were analyzed in isolated kidney mitochondria. Results In hypertensive rats, Avocado Oil decreased 21.2% and 15.5% diastolic and systolic blood pressures, respectively, and alleviated impaired renal vasodilation. Hypertension decreased membrane potential by 83.7% and augmented reactive oxygen species levels by 51% in mitochondria fueled with a complex I substrate, whereas it augmented the levels of oxidized glutathione in 48%. These alterations were normalized by Avocado Oil at a comparable degree to losartan. Conclusions Because Avocado Oil mimicked the effects of losartan, we propose that the effects of Avocado Oil might be mediated by decreasing the actions of Ang-II on mitochondria. These results suggest that Avocado Oil intake might be a nutritional approach to attenuate the deleterious effects of hypertension on kidney.
-
Avocado Oil induces long-term alleviation of oxidative damage in kidney mitochondria from type 2 diabetic rats by improving glutathione status
Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes, 2017Co-Authors: Omar Ortiz-avila, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-orozco, Elizabeth Calderon-cortes, Maria Del Consuelo Figueroa-garcia, Claudia Isabel García-berumen, Jorge A. Mejía-barajas, Ricardo Mejía-zepeda, Christian Cortés-rojoAbstract:Hyperglycemia and mitochondrial ROS overproduction have been identified as key factors involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. This has encouraged the search for strategies decreasing glucose levels and long-term improvement of redox status of glutathione, the main antioxidant counteracting mitochondrial damage. Previously, we have shown that Avocado Oil improves redox status of glutathione in liver and brain mitochondria from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats; however, the long-term effects of Avocado Oil and its hypoglycemic effect cannot be evaluated because this model displays low survival and insulin depletion. Therefore, we tested during 1 year the effects of Avocado Oil on glycemia, ROS levels, lipid peroxidation and glutathione status in kidney mitochondria from type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats. Diabetic rats exhibited glycemia of 120–186 mg/dL the first 9 months with a further increase to 250–300 mg/dL. Avocado Oil decreased hyperglycemia at intermediate levels between diabetic and control rats. Diabetic rats displayed augmented lipid peroxidation and depletion of reduced glutathione throughout the study, while increased ROS generation was observed at the 3rd and 12th months along with diminished content of total glutathione at the 6th and 12th months. Avocado Oil ameliorated all these defects and augmented the mitochondrial content of oleic acid. The beneficial effects of Avocado Oil are discussed in terms of the hypoglycemic effect of oleic acid and the probable dependence of glutathione transport on lipid peroxidation and thiol oxidation of mitochondrial carriers.
-
Protective effects of dietary Avocado Oil on impaired electron transport chain function and exacerbated oxidative stress in liver mitochondria from diabetic rats
Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Ortiz-avila, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-orozco, Rocío Montoya-pérez, Elizabeth Calderon-cortes, Ricardo Mejía-zepeda, Marco Alonso Gallegos-corona, Luis Alberto Sánchez-briones, Jesús Campos-garcía, Christian Cortés-rojoAbstract:Electron transport chain (ETC) dysfunction, excessive ROS generation and lipid peroxidation are hallmarks of mitochondrial injury in the diabetic liver, with these alterations also playing a role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Enhanced mitochondrial sensitivity to lipid peroxidation during diabetes has been also associated to augmented content of C22:6 in membrane phospholipids. Thus, we aimed to test whether Avocado Oil, a rich source of C18:1 and antioxidants, attenuates the deleterious effects of diabetes on oxidative status of liver mitochondria by decreasing unsaturation of acyl chains of membrane lipids and/or by improving ETC functionality and decreasing ROS generation. Streptozocin-induced diabetes elicited a noticeable increase in the content of C22:6, leading to augmented mitochondrial peroxidizability index and higher levels of lipid peroxidation. Mitochondrial respiration and complex I activity were impaired in diabetic rats with a concomitant increase in ROS generation using a complex I substrate. This was associated to a more oxidized state of glutathione, All these alterations were prevented by Avocado Oil except by the changes in mitochondrial fatty acid composition. Avocado Oil did not prevented hyperglycemia and polyphagia although did normalized hyperlipidemia. Neither diabetes nor Avocado Oil induced steatosis. These results suggest that Avocado Oil improves mitochondrial ETC function by attenuating the deleterious effects of oxidative stress in the liver of diabetic rats independently of a hypoglycemic effect or by modifying the fatty acid composition of mitochondrial membranes. These findings might have also significant implications in the progression of NAFLD in experimental models of steatosis.
-
Avocado Oil Improves Mitochondrial Function and Decreases Oxidative Stress in Brain of Diabetic Rats.
Journal of diabetes research, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Ortiz-avila, Mauricio Esquivel-martínez, Berenice Eridani Olmos-orizaba, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-orozco, Christian Cortés-rojoAbstract:Diabetic encephalopathy is a diabetic complication related to the metabolic alterations featuring diabetes. Diabetes is characterized by increased lipid peroxidation, altered glutathione redox status, exacerbated levels of ROS, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Although the pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy remains to be clarified, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetic complications. Taking this into consideration, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of 90-day Avocado Oil intake in brain mitochondrial function and oxidative status in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ rats). Avocado Oil improves brain mitochondrial function in diabetic rats preventing impairment of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ m ), besides increasing complex III activity. Avocado Oil also decreased ROS levels and lipid peroxidation and improved the GSH/GSSG ratio as well. These results demonstrate that Avocado Oil supplementation prevents brain mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diabetes in association with decreased oxidative stress.
-
Effects of Avocado Oil on Kidney Mitochondrial Function and Proteinuria in Type II-Diabetic Rats
The FASEB Journal, 2015Co-Authors: Omar Ortiz-avila, Alfredo Saavedra-molina, Maria Del Consuelo Figueroa-garcia, Jesús Campos-garcía, Arnoldo Lopez-alvarez, Christian Cortés-rojoAbstract:Previously, we have demonstrated that Avocado Oil (AO) supplementation on diabetic rats prevents the impairment in complex III activity in kidney mitochondria and decrease ROS production. However, the relation between these effects and improvement of both mitochondrial respiration and kidney function remains unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of AO on proteinuria and mitochondrial function from kidneys of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a model of type-II diabetes. At 3 months of age, proteinuria increased 55% in GK rats and this effect was prevented by AO; however, at 6 months, AO supplementation did not decreased proteinuria. Regarding to mitochondrial function, respiratory control ratios (RCR) in kidney mitochondria from GK rats was 50% lower at 3 and 6 months. In both cases, AO induced 16% and 182.2% increases in RCR values, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential decreased 70% in GK rats at 3 months and this effect was not prevented by the treatment with AO, while ...
Helena Dias De Freitas Queiroz Barros - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Lycopene-rich Avocado Oil obtained by simultaneous supercritical extraction from Avocado pulp and tomato pomace
Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2017Co-Authors: Helena Dias De Freitas Queiroz Barros, Renato Grimaldi, Fernando A CabralAbstract:Abstract Tomato pomace is a residue of tomato processing which contains lycopene and Oil, and is generated in large quantities by the tomato processing industry. Raw Avocado Oil is a special Oil similar to olive Oil. In order to combine the advantage of using a clean technology with supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) to extract Avocado Oil and use it as a co-solvent with scCO 2 in carotenoid extraction from tomato pomace, simultaneous extractions of Oil and lycopene were carried out to produce an Avocado Oil enriched with lycopene and a semi defatted Avocado cake of potential commercial value. Therefore, freeze-dried Avocado and tomato pomace were placed separately in the same fixed bed extractor, where lipids and lycopene were simultaneously extracted with scCO 2 , first passing through the Avocado bed and then both scCO 2 and the Oil extracted from Avocado passed through the second bed of tomato pomace. Lipids extracted in the first bed served as a co-solvent with scCO 2 for lycopene extraction in the second bed. The experiments were performed using different proportions of the raw materials at 50 °C and 400 bar and in equal parts of Avocado pulp and tomato pomace while varying the temperature and pressure conditions (40, 50 and 60 °C; 200, 300 and 400 bar). The results showed that the lycopene extraction yields (lycopene recovery) increased as the proportion of Avocado increased and the best condition for extraction of lycopene present in tomato pomace was at 400 bar and 50 °C. The extracts are raw Avocado Oils enriched with about 110–170 μg of lycopene per gram of Oil, resulting from up to 80% recovery of Oil and lycopene. The resulting Avocado cake is a semi-defatted product with potential commercial value.
-
extraction of edible Avocado Oil using supercritical co2 and a co2 ethanol mixture as solvents
Journal of Food Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Sayuri C.s. Corzzini, Helena Dias De Freitas Queiroz Barros, Renato Grimaldi, Fernando A CabralAbstract:Abstract Avocado Oil is similar to olive Oil, it can be used as an ingredient in functional foods since it contain high contents of vitamins and phytosterols and its triacylglycerols contain high contents of unsaturated fatty acid. The present study sought to evaluate the technical viability of extraction of Avocado Oil by supercritical technology using GRAS solvents (Generally Recognized as Safe). Freeze-dried Avocado (Persea Americana) pulp with 65% lipids was subjected to supercritical extraction in a fixed bed at temperatures of 40, 60, and 80 °C and pressures of 200, 300 and 400 bar, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a solvent in a first step, and a scCO2/ethanol mixture (93/7 w/w) in a second step. Extraction curves (mass of Oil extracted versus extraction time) were obtained from the overall extraction yields, and from this curve the solubility of Oil in scCO2 was calculated. The extraction appeared to be technically viable to obtain up to 98% Oil recovery. The solubility values correlated well with the Chrastil equation, and presented similar order of magnitude to the solubility of Oils reported in literature.
-
Extraction of edible Avocado Oil using supercritical CO2 and a CO2/ethanol mixture as solvents
Journal of Food Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Sayuri C.s. Corzzini, Helena Dias De Freitas Queiroz Barros, Renato Grimaldi, Fernando A CabralAbstract:Abstract Avocado Oil is similar to olive Oil, it can be used as an ingredient in functional foods since it contain high contents of vitamins and phytosterols and its triacylglycerols contain high contents of unsaturated fatty acid. The present study sought to evaluate the technical viability of extraction of Avocado Oil by supercritical technology using GRAS solvents (Generally Recognized as Safe). Freeze-dried Avocado (Persea Americana) pulp with 65% lipids was subjected to supercritical extraction in a fixed bed at temperatures of 40, 60, and 80 °C and pressures of 200, 300 and 400 bar, using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a solvent in a first step, and a scCO2/ethanol mixture (93/7 w/w) in a second step. Extraction curves (mass of Oil extracted versus extraction time) were obtained from the overall extraction yields, and from this curve the solubility of Oil in scCO2 was calculated. The extraction appeared to be technically viable to obtain up to 98% Oil recovery. The solubility values correlated well with the Chrastil equation, and presented similar order of magnitude to the solubility of Oils reported in literature.
