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Nikolaos V Kyriakidis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapid multi residue method for the determination of azinphos methyl bromopropylate chlorpyrifos dimethoate parathion methyl and phosalone in apricots and peaches by using negative chemical ionization ion trap technology
Journal of Chromatography A, 2003Co-Authors: Konstantinos S. Liapis, P Apladasarlis, Nikolaos V KyriakidisAbstract:Abstract A rapid, selective and sensitive multi-residue method for the determination of six common pesticides in stone fruit samples is described. The proposed method involves the extraction of the pesticides with the use of acetone solvent followed by liquid–liquid partition with a mixture of dichloromethane and light petroleum (40–60 °C) and subsequent determination by a gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry system using ion trap technology in negative ion chemical ionization mode. The average percent recoveries of bromopropylate and phosalone in the concentration range 0.2–2.0 mg/kg were 97.3±6.7 to 120±1.0%, while the recoveries of chlorpyrifos and parathion methyl examined in the concentration range 0.02–0.2 mg/kg were 95.5±7.5 to 145±3.6%, the recoveries of azinphos methyl in the range 0.05–0.5 mg/kg were 74.8±29.6 to 96.5±13% and those of dimethoate in the range 0.1–1.0 mg/kg were 73.1±5.7 to 92.8±2.8% for n=3 for all the above pesticides. The high mean recovery (145%) for chlorpyrifos is attributed to a matrix enhancement effect. The limits of quantitation in apricots were 0.01 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos, 0.02 mg/kg for dimethoate and parathion methyl, 0.05 mg/kg for azinphos methyl and phosalone and 0.1 mg/kg for bromopropylate. The usefulness of tandem mass spectrometry for confirmation purposes was also examined. The method was applied successfully to the determination of the target pesticides in 32 samples of stone fruits (apricots and peaches).
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rapid multi residue method for the determination of azinphos methyl bromopropylate chlorpyrifos dimethoate parathion methyl and phosalone in apricots and peaches by using negative chemical ionization ion trap technology
Journal of Chromatography A, 2003Co-Authors: Konstantinos S. Liapis, P Apladasarlis, Nikolaos V KyriakidisAbstract:A rapid, selective and sensitive multi-residue method for the determination of six common pesticides in stone fruit samples is described. The proposed method involves the extraction of the pesticides with the use of acetone solvent followed by liquid-liquid partition with a mixture of dichloromethane and light petroleum (40-60 degrees C) and subsequent determination by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry system using ion trap technology in negative ion chemical ionization mode. The average percent recoveries of bromopropylate and phosalone in the concentration range 0.2-2.0 mg/kg were 97.3 +/- 6.7 to 120 +/- 1.0%, while the recoveries of chlorpyrifos and parathion methyl examined in the concentration range 0.02-0.2 mg/kg were 95.5 +/- 7.5 to 145 +/- 3.6%, the recoveries of azinphos methyl in the range 0.05-0.5 mg/kg were 74.8 +/- 29.6 to 96.5 +/- 13% and those of dimethoate in the range 0.1-1.0 mg/kg were 73.1 +/- 5.7 to 92.8 +/- 2.8% for n = 3 for all the above pesticides. The high mean recovery (145%) for chlorpyrifos is attributed to a matrix enhancement effect. The limits of quantitation in apricots were 0.01 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos, 0.02 mg/kg for dimethoate and parathion methyl, 0.05 mg/kg for azinphos methyl and phosalone and 0.1 mg/kg for bromopropylate. The usefulness of tandem mass spectrometry for confirmation purposes was also examined. The method was applied successfully to the determination of the target pesticides in 32 samples of stone fruits (apricots and peaches).
Konstantinos S. Liapis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapid multi residue method for the determination of azinphos methyl bromopropylate chlorpyrifos dimethoate parathion methyl and phosalone in apricots and peaches by using negative chemical ionization ion trap technology
Journal of Chromatography A, 2003Co-Authors: Konstantinos S. Liapis, P Apladasarlis, Nikolaos V KyriakidisAbstract:Abstract A rapid, selective and sensitive multi-residue method for the determination of six common pesticides in stone fruit samples is described. The proposed method involves the extraction of the pesticides with the use of acetone solvent followed by liquid–liquid partition with a mixture of dichloromethane and light petroleum (40–60 °C) and subsequent determination by a gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry system using ion trap technology in negative ion chemical ionization mode. The average percent recoveries of bromopropylate and phosalone in the concentration range 0.2–2.0 mg/kg were 97.3±6.7 to 120±1.0%, while the recoveries of chlorpyrifos and parathion methyl examined in the concentration range 0.02–0.2 mg/kg were 95.5±7.5 to 145±3.6%, the recoveries of azinphos methyl in the range 0.05–0.5 mg/kg were 74.8±29.6 to 96.5±13% and those of dimethoate in the range 0.1–1.0 mg/kg were 73.1±5.7 to 92.8±2.8% for n=3 for all the above pesticides. The high mean recovery (145%) for chlorpyrifos is attributed to a matrix enhancement effect. The limits of quantitation in apricots were 0.01 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos, 0.02 mg/kg for dimethoate and parathion methyl, 0.05 mg/kg for azinphos methyl and phosalone and 0.1 mg/kg for bromopropylate. The usefulness of tandem mass spectrometry for confirmation purposes was also examined. The method was applied successfully to the determination of the target pesticides in 32 samples of stone fruits (apricots and peaches).
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rapid multi residue method for the determination of azinphos methyl bromopropylate chlorpyrifos dimethoate parathion methyl and phosalone in apricots and peaches by using negative chemical ionization ion trap technology
Journal of Chromatography A, 2003Co-Authors: Konstantinos S. Liapis, P Apladasarlis, Nikolaos V KyriakidisAbstract:A rapid, selective and sensitive multi-residue method for the determination of six common pesticides in stone fruit samples is described. The proposed method involves the extraction of the pesticides with the use of acetone solvent followed by liquid-liquid partition with a mixture of dichloromethane and light petroleum (40-60 degrees C) and subsequent determination by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry system using ion trap technology in negative ion chemical ionization mode. The average percent recoveries of bromopropylate and phosalone in the concentration range 0.2-2.0 mg/kg were 97.3 +/- 6.7 to 120 +/- 1.0%, while the recoveries of chlorpyrifos and parathion methyl examined in the concentration range 0.02-0.2 mg/kg were 95.5 +/- 7.5 to 145 +/- 3.6%, the recoveries of azinphos methyl in the range 0.05-0.5 mg/kg were 74.8 +/- 29.6 to 96.5 +/- 13% and those of dimethoate in the range 0.1-1.0 mg/kg were 73.1 +/- 5.7 to 92.8 +/- 2.8% for n = 3 for all the above pesticides. The high mean recovery (145%) for chlorpyrifos is attributed to a matrix enhancement effect. The limits of quantitation in apricots were 0.01 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos, 0.02 mg/kg for dimethoate and parathion methyl, 0.05 mg/kg for azinphos methyl and phosalone and 0.1 mg/kg for bromopropylate. The usefulness of tandem mass spectrometry for confirmation purposes was also examined. The method was applied successfully to the determination of the target pesticides in 32 samples of stone fruits (apricots and peaches).
Gisela Kristoff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recovery study of cholinesterases and neurotoxic signs in the non target freshwater invertebrate chilina gibbosa after an acute exposure to an environmental concentration of azinphos methyl
Aquatic Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: Paula Fanny Cossi, Boburg Beverly, Luquet Carlos, Gisela KristoffAbstract:Azinphos-Methyl belongs to the class of organophosphate insecticides which are recognized for their anticholinesterase action. It is one of the most frequently used insecticides in the Upper Valley of Rio Negro and Rio Neuquen in Argentina, where agriculture represents the second most important economic activity. It has been detected in water from this North Patagonian region throughout the year and the maximum concentration found was 22.48 μg L(-1) during the application period. Chilina gibbosa is a freshwater gastropod widely distributed in South America, particularly in Patagonia, Argentina and in Southern Chile. Toxicological studies performed with C. gibbosa in our laboratory have reported neurotoxicity signs and cholinesterase inhibition after exposure to Azinphos-Methyl for 48 h. Recovery studies together with characterization of the enzyme and sensitivity of the enzyme to pesticides can improve the toxicological evaluation. However, little is known about recovery patterns in organisms exposed to organophosphates. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the recovery capacity (during 21 days in pesticide-free water) of cholinesterase activity and neurotoxicity in C. gibbosa after 48 h of exposure to Azinphos-Methyl. Also, lethality and carboxylesterase activity were registered during the recovery period. Regarding enzyme activities, after a 48-h exposure to 20 μg L(-1) of Azinphos-Methyl, cholinesterases showed an inhibition of 85% with respect to control, while carboxylesterases were not affected. After 21 days in pesticide-free water, cholinesterases continued to be inhibited (70%). Severe neurotoxicity signs were observed after exposure: 82% of the snails presented lack of adherence to vessels, 11% showed weak adherence, and 96% exhibited an abnormal protrusion of the head-foot region from shell. After 21 days in pesticide-free water, only 15% of the snails presented severe signs of neurotoxicity. However, during the recovery period significant lethality (30%) was registered in treated snails. C. gibbosa is a very sensitive organism to Azinphos-Methyl. These snails play an important role in the structure and function of aquatic food webs in this region. Thus, a decline of this species' population would probably have an impact on aquatic and non-aquatic communities. Our results show that C. gibbosa is a relevant sentinel species for studying exposure and effects of Azinphos-Methyl using behavioral and biochemical biomarkers. Neurotoxic behavioral signs are very sensitive, non-destructive biomarkers, which can be easily detected for about one week after acute exposure. Cholinesterse activity is a very useful biomarker showing a high sensitivity and a slow recovery capacity increasing the possibility to indirectly detect organophosphates for long periods after a contaminant event.
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cholinesterases and neurotoxicity as highly sensitive biomarkers for an organophosphate insecticide in a freshwater gastropod chilina gibbosa with low sensitivity carboxylesterases
Aquatic Toxicology, 2013Co-Authors: Karina Bianco, Gisela Kristoff, Maria Soledad Yusseppone, Sofia Otero, Carlos Marcelo Luquet, Maria Del Carmen MolinaAbstract:In the Upper Valley of Rio Negro and Rio Neuquen in Argentina, agriculture represents the second most important economic activity. Azinphos-Methyl has been found in water from this region throughout the year at a maximum concentration of 22.48 μg L(-1) during the application period. Toxicological studies on local non-target species have been performed mostly on vertebrates, while mollusks, which could be more sensitive, have not been studied so far. This work aims to characterize cholinesterase (ChE) and carboxilesterase (CE) activities of Chilina gibbosa, a freshwater gastropod native to southern Argentina and Chile. These enzymes, together with neurotoxicity signals, are evaluated herein after as sensitive biomarkers of exposure to Azinphos-Methyl at environmentally relevant concentrations. Effects of Azinphos-Methyl on antioxidant defenses: glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) are also studied in order to complete a set of biomarkers with different sensitivity and specificity, to propose C. gibbosa as a sentinel species. The highest specific activity was obtained with acetylthiocholine as substrate, followed by propionylthiocholine (83% in comparison to acetylthiocholine) and butyrylthiocholine (19%).The lowest Km and the highest efficiency for ChE were obtained with acetylthiocholine. Regarding CEs activities, a higher efficiency was obtained with p-nitrophenyl butyrate than with p-nitrophenyl acetate. Eserine produced significant inhibition of ChE activity (81% with 0.001 mM and 98% with 1mM) while iso-OMPA did not produce any significant effect on ChE. Our results show that C. gibbosa ChE is very sensitive to Azinphos-Methyl (CI50 0.02 μg L(-1)) while CEs are inhibited at higher concentrations (CI50 1,000 μg L(-1)). CEs have been reported to be more sensitive to OPs than ChEs in most of the aquatic invertebrates protecting the organisms from neurotoxic effects. In contrast, C. gibbosa, has ChE which are much more sensitive to Azinphos-Methyl than CEs and shows marked signs of neurotoxicity. Regarding antioxidant defenses, GSH levels were significantly increased by 0.02 and 20 μg L(-1) Azinphos-Methyl (80 and 103%, respectively), CAT activity was increased 85% only at 0.02 μg L(-1) and SOD and GST did not show any significant response. Since ChE activity, neurotoxicity signs, GSH and CAT are sensitive biomarkers of acute exposure to Azinphos-Methyl at environmental concentrations C. gibbosa could be included as sentinel species in monitoring programs of pesticide hazard in regions of Argentina and Chile.
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Effects of the organophosphate insecticide Azinphos-Methyl on the reproduction and cholinesterase activity of Biomphalaria glabrata
Chemosphere, 2011Co-Authors: Gisela Kristoff, Luis Claudio Cacciatore, Noemí R. Verrengia Guerrero, Adriana C. CochónAbstract:Abstract Azinphos-Methyl is an organophosphate insecticide used for pest control on a number of food crops in many parts of the world. The snail Biomphalaria glabrata is a freshwater gastropod widely distributed in South America, Central America and Africa. The aim of the present work was to investigate whether Azinphos-Methyl causes alterations in the reproduction of B. glabrata . To this end, gastropod pigmented specimens were exposed to various concentrations of the insecticide (0.021, 0.5, 2.5, and 5 mg L −1 ) for either 2 or 14 d. Along 14 d, several reproduction parameters and cholinesterase (ChE) activity were evaluated. In each group, the number of egg masses, the number of eggs per mass, the number of hatchings, the time to hatching, and the survival of the offspring after one month of treatment was evaluated. The results showed that, depending on the concentration and time of exposure, Azinphos-Methyl induced alterations in the reproduction of B. glabrata . These alterations were mainly represented by a decrease in the number of egg masses, and, in some cases, by a lower number or even the total absence of hatchings. Thus, the gastropods exposed to 2.5 and 5 mg L −1 of Azinphos-Methyl for 14 d showed ChE inhibitions higher than 35% along time and completely lost their ability to reproduce. On the other hand, exposure to high acute concentrations or exposure to low concentrations for 14 d resulted in ChE inhibition equal to or lower than 35% between 7 and 14 d of treatment and similar alterations in reproduction. These were represented by a decrease in the number of egg masses. At low pestice levels, the number of egg masses and the number of offspring resulted to be more sensitive biomarkers than ChE inhibition. It is concluded that the insecticide Azinphos-Methyl can cause a decline in the reproductive performance of B. glabrata .
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effects of azinphos methyl exposure on enzymatic and non enzymatic antioxidant defenses in biomphalaria glabrata and lumbriculus variegatus
Chemosphere, 2008Co-Authors: Gisela Kristoff, Noemi Verrengia R Guerrero, Adriana C. CochónAbstract:Abstract Azinphos-Methyl is an organophosphate insecticide used for pest control on a number of food crops in many parts of the world. The oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus and pigmented and non-pigmented specimens of the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata are freshwater invertebrates that have been recommended for contamination studies. Recently, it has been shown that L. variegatus worms exhibit a higher cholinesterase (ChE) activity and a greater sensitivity to in vivo ChE inhibition by Azinphos-Methyl than pigmented B. glabrata snails. The aims of the present study were (1) to investigate if, in addition to its anticholinesterase action, Azinphos-Methyl has also pro-oxidant activity in L. variegatus and B. glabrata , and (2) to examine if species that are highly susceptible to the neurotoxic effects of organophosphates also suffer a greater degree of oxidative stress. Therefore, total glutathione (t-GSH) levels and activities of cholinesterase (ChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) were measured in the whole body soft tissue of organisms exposed for 48 and 96 h to a level of Azinphos-Methyl that produces 50% of inhibition on ChE. Results showed different patterns of antioxidant responses between the gastropods and the oligochaetes, and even between the two phenotypes of gastropods: (1) in exposed L. variegatus t-GSH levels increased and CAT and SOD activities decreased with respect to control organisms, (2) in pigmented gastropods, SOD decreased while CAT transiently diminished, and (3) in non-pigmented gastropods, SOD activity showed a biphasic response. GST and G6PDH were not altered by Azinphos-Methyl exposure. Of note, t-GSH levels were 4-fold times higher in L. variegatus than in both phenotypes of B. glabrata . This may suggest that GSH could play a more important role in antioxidant defense in L. variegatus than in B. glabrata.
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inhibition of cholinesterase activity by azinphos methyl in two freshwater invertebrates biomphalaria glabrata and lumbriculus variegatus
Toxicology, 2006Co-Authors: Gisela Kristoff, Noemi Verrengia R Guerrero, Ana Maria Pechen De Dangelo, Adriana C. CochónAbstract:Abstract In this study, some biochemical features and the extent of inhibition induced by the organophosphorous pesticide Azinphos-Methyl on the cholinesterase (ChE) activity present in whole soft tissue of two freshwater invertebrate species, the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata and the oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus were investigated. Both invertebrate organisms presented marked differences in ChE activity, type of enzymes and subcellular location. Acetylthiocholine was the substrate preferred by B. glabrata ChE. The enzyme activity was located preferentially in the supernatant of 11,000 × g centrifugation and was inhibited by increasing concentrations of substrate but not by iso -OMPA. Results showed that there were progressive inhibitions of the enzyme activity, with values 21%, 59%, 72%, 76%, and 82% lower than the control at levels of 1, 10, 50, 100 and 1000 μM of eserine, respectively. In contrast, L. variegatus ChE activity was distributed both in the supernatant and pellet fractions, with values approximately 6 and 20 times higher than B. glabrata , respectively. Studies with butyrylthiocholine and iso -OMPA suggested that about 72% of the activity corresponded to butyrylcholinesterase. A strong enzyme inhibition (88–94%) was found at low eserine concentrations (1–10 μM). ChE activity from L. variegatus and B. glabrata was inhibited by in vivo exposure to Azinphos-Methyl suggesting that both species can form the oxon derivative of this pesticide. However, both invertebrate species showed a very different susceptibility to the insecticide. The NOEC and EIC 50 values were 500 and 1000 times lower for L. variegatus than for B. glabrata , reflecting that the oligochaetes were much more sensitive organisms. A different pattern was also observed for the recovery of the enzymatic activity when the organisms were transferred to clean water. The recuperation process was faster for the oligochaetes than for the gastropods. Mortality was not observed in either of the experimental conditions assayed, not even at concentrations that induced 90% of ChE inhibition. The differences in substrate specificity, sensitivity to inhibitors, and subcellular location between the ChEs of B. glabrata and L. variegatus could be the main factors contributing to the differential susceptibility to Azinphos-Methyl ChE inhibition found in the present study.
P Apladasarlis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapid multi residue method for the determination of azinphos methyl bromopropylate chlorpyrifos dimethoate parathion methyl and phosalone in apricots and peaches by using negative chemical ionization ion trap technology
Journal of Chromatography A, 2003Co-Authors: Konstantinos S. Liapis, P Apladasarlis, Nikolaos V KyriakidisAbstract:Abstract A rapid, selective and sensitive multi-residue method for the determination of six common pesticides in stone fruit samples is described. The proposed method involves the extraction of the pesticides with the use of acetone solvent followed by liquid–liquid partition with a mixture of dichloromethane and light petroleum (40–60 °C) and subsequent determination by a gas chromatographic–mass spectrometry system using ion trap technology in negative ion chemical ionization mode. The average percent recoveries of bromopropylate and phosalone in the concentration range 0.2–2.0 mg/kg were 97.3±6.7 to 120±1.0%, while the recoveries of chlorpyrifos and parathion methyl examined in the concentration range 0.02–0.2 mg/kg were 95.5±7.5 to 145±3.6%, the recoveries of azinphos methyl in the range 0.05–0.5 mg/kg were 74.8±29.6 to 96.5±13% and those of dimethoate in the range 0.1–1.0 mg/kg were 73.1±5.7 to 92.8±2.8% for n=3 for all the above pesticides. The high mean recovery (145%) for chlorpyrifos is attributed to a matrix enhancement effect. The limits of quantitation in apricots were 0.01 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos, 0.02 mg/kg for dimethoate and parathion methyl, 0.05 mg/kg for azinphos methyl and phosalone and 0.1 mg/kg for bromopropylate. The usefulness of tandem mass spectrometry for confirmation purposes was also examined. The method was applied successfully to the determination of the target pesticides in 32 samples of stone fruits (apricots and peaches).
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rapid multi residue method for the determination of azinphos methyl bromopropylate chlorpyrifos dimethoate parathion methyl and phosalone in apricots and peaches by using negative chemical ionization ion trap technology
Journal of Chromatography A, 2003Co-Authors: Konstantinos S. Liapis, P Apladasarlis, Nikolaos V KyriakidisAbstract:A rapid, selective and sensitive multi-residue method for the determination of six common pesticides in stone fruit samples is described. The proposed method involves the extraction of the pesticides with the use of acetone solvent followed by liquid-liquid partition with a mixture of dichloromethane and light petroleum (40-60 degrees C) and subsequent determination by a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry system using ion trap technology in negative ion chemical ionization mode. The average percent recoveries of bromopropylate and phosalone in the concentration range 0.2-2.0 mg/kg were 97.3 +/- 6.7 to 120 +/- 1.0%, while the recoveries of chlorpyrifos and parathion methyl examined in the concentration range 0.02-0.2 mg/kg were 95.5 +/- 7.5 to 145 +/- 3.6%, the recoveries of azinphos methyl in the range 0.05-0.5 mg/kg were 74.8 +/- 29.6 to 96.5 +/- 13% and those of dimethoate in the range 0.1-1.0 mg/kg were 73.1 +/- 5.7 to 92.8 +/- 2.8% for n = 3 for all the above pesticides. The high mean recovery (145%) for chlorpyrifos is attributed to a matrix enhancement effect. The limits of quantitation in apricots were 0.01 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos, 0.02 mg/kg for dimethoate and parathion methyl, 0.05 mg/kg for azinphos methyl and phosalone and 0.1 mg/kg for bromopropylate. The usefulness of tandem mass spectrometry for confirmation purposes was also examined. The method was applied successfully to the determination of the target pesticides in 32 samples of stone fruits (apricots and peaches).
Elaine M Faustman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Organophosphate Pesticide Exposure and Work in Pome Fruit: Evidence for the Take-Home Pesticide Pathway
2013Co-Authors: Gloria D Coronado, Eric M Vigoren, Beti Thompson, William C Griffith, Elaine M FaustmanAbstract:Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are commonly used in the United States, and farmworkers are at risk for chronic exposure. Using a sample of 218 farmworkers in 24 communities and labor camps in eastern Washington State, we examined the association between agricultural crop and OP pesticide metabolite concentrations in urine samples of adult farmworkers and their children and OP pesticide residues in house and vehicle dust samples. Commonly reported crops were apples (71.6%), cherries (59.6%), pears (37.2%), grapes (27.1%), hops (22.9%), and peaches (12.4%). Crops were grouped into two main categories: pome fruits (apples and pears) and non-pome fruits. Farmworkers who worked in the pome fruits had significantly higher concentrations of dimethyl pesticide metabolites in their urine and elevated Azinphos-Methyl concentrations in their homes and vehicles than workers who did not work in these crops. Among pome-fruit workers, those who worked in both apples and pears had higher urinary metabolites concentrations and pesticide residue concentrations in dust than did those who worked in a single pome fruit. Children living in households with pome-fruit workers were found to have higher concentrations of urinary dimethyl metabolites than did children of non-pome-fruit workers. Adult urinary concentrations showed significant correlations with both the vehicle and house-dust Azinphos-Methyl concentrations, and child urinary concentrations were correlated significantly with adult urinary concentrations and with the house-dust Azinphos-Methyl concentration. The results provide support for the take-home pathway of pesticide exposure and show an association between measures of pesticide exposure and the number of pome-fruit crops worked by farmworkers. Key words: children of farmworkers
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where s the dust characterizing locations of azinphos methyl residues in house and vehicle dust among farmworkers with young children
Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2010Co-Authors: Gloria D Coronado, Eric M Vigoren, William C Griffith, Elaine M Faustman, Beti ThompsonAbstract:Organophosphate pesticides are commonly used in the United States, and farmworkers are at risk for chronic exposure. Using data from a community randomized trial to interrupt the take-home pathway of pesticide exposure, we examined the association between floor surface type (smooth floor, thin carpet, and thick carpet) and rooms in which dust samples were collected (living room vs. non-living room) and concentrations of Azinphos-Methyl residues in home environments. We also examined the association between vehicle type (truck, auto, or other) and footwell floor surfaces (carpeted, smooth surface, or no mat) and concentrations of Azinphos-Methyl in vehicle dust samples. Dust samples were collected from 203 and 179 households and vehicles, respectively. All households had at least one child aged 2–6. Vehicle dust samples were collected from footwells of the vehicle used for commuting to and from work. A total of 183 samples were collected from living rooms, and 20 were collected from other rooms in the home...
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organophosphate pesticide exposure and work in pome fruit evidence for the take home pesticide pathway
Environmental Health Perspectives, 2006Co-Authors: Gloria D Coronado, Eric M Vigoren, Beti Thompson, William C Griffith, Elaine M FaustmanAbstract:Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are commonly used in the United States, and farmworkers are at risk for chronic exposure. Using a sample of 218 farmworkers in 24 communities and labor camps in eastern Washington State, we examined the association between agricultural crop and OP pesticide metabolite concentrations in urine samples of adult farmworkers and their children and OP pesticide residues in house and vehicle dust samples. Commonly reported crops were apples (71.6%), cherries (59.6%), pears (37.2%), grapes (27.1%), hops (22.9%), and peaches (12.4%). Crops were grouped into two main categories: pome fruits (apples and pears) and non-pome fruits. Farmworkers who worked in the pome fruits had significantly higher concentrations of dimethyl pesticide metabolites in their urine and elevated Azinphos-Methyl concentrations in their homes and vehicles than workers who did not work in these crops. Among pome-fruit workers, those who worked in both apples and pears had higher urinary metabolites concentrations and pesticide residue concentrations in dust than did those who worked in a single pome fruit. Children living in households with pome-fruit workers were found to have higher concentrations of urinary dimethyl metabolites than did children of non-pome-fruit workers. Adult urinary concentrations showed significant correlations with both the vehicle and house-dust Azinphos-Methyl concentrations, and child urinary concentrations were correlated significantly with adult urinary concentrations and with the house-dust Azinphos-Methyl concentration. The results provide support for the take-home pathway of pesticide exposure and show an association between measures of pesticide exposure and the number of pome-fruit crops worked by farmworkers.
