The Experts below are selected from a list of 321 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Larry M Gigliotti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using a structured decision analysis to evaluate Bald Eagle vital signs monitoring in southwest alaska national parks
Ecology and Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Rebecca Kolstrom, Tammy L Wilson, Larry M GigliottiAbstract:Monitoring programs can benefit from an adaptive monitoring approach, where key decisions about why, where, what, and how to monitor are revisited periodically in order to ensure programmatic relevancy.The National Park Service (NPS) monitors status and trends of vital signs to evaluate compliance with the NPS mission. Although abundant, The Southwest Alaska Network (SWAN) monitors Bald Eagles because of their inherent importance to park visitors and role as an important ecological indicator. Our goal is to identify an optimal monitoring program that may be standardized among participating parks.We gathered an expert panel of scientists and managers, and implemented a Delphi Process to gather information about the Bald Eagle monitoring program. Panelists generated a list of means objectives for the monitoring program: minimizing cost, minimizing effort, maximizing the ability to detect change in Bald Eagle populations, and maximizing the amount of accurate information collected about Bald Eagles.We used a swing-weighting technique to assign importance to each objective. Collecting accurate information about Bald Eagles was considered the most important means objective.Combining panelist-generated information with objective importance, we analyzed the scenarios and defined the optimal decision using linear value modeling. Through our analysis, we found that a "Comprehensive" monitoring scenario, comprised of all feasible monitoring metrics, is the optimal monitoring scenario. Even with greatly increased cost, the Comprehensive monitoring scenario remains the best solution.We suggest further exploration of the cost and effort required for the Comprehensive scenario, to determine whether it is in the parks' best interest to begin monitoring additional metrics.
Tammy L Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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using a structured decision analysis to evaluate Bald Eagle vital signs monitoring in southwest alaska national parks
Ecology and Evolution, 2020Co-Authors: Rebecca Kolstrom, Tammy L Wilson, Larry M GigliottiAbstract:Monitoring programs can benefit from an adaptive monitoring approach, where key decisions about why, where, what, and how to monitor are revisited periodically in order to ensure programmatic relevancy.The National Park Service (NPS) monitors status and trends of vital signs to evaluate compliance with the NPS mission. Although abundant, The Southwest Alaska Network (SWAN) monitors Bald Eagles because of their inherent importance to park visitors and role as an important ecological indicator. Our goal is to identify an optimal monitoring program that may be standardized among participating parks.We gathered an expert panel of scientists and managers, and implemented a Delphi Process to gather information about the Bald Eagle monitoring program. Panelists generated a list of means objectives for the monitoring program: minimizing cost, minimizing effort, maximizing the ability to detect change in Bald Eagle populations, and maximizing the amount of accurate information collected about Bald Eagles.We used a swing-weighting technique to assign importance to each objective. Collecting accurate information about Bald Eagles was considered the most important means objective.Combining panelist-generated information with objective importance, we analyzed the scenarios and defined the optimal decision using linear value modeling. Through our analysis, we found that a "Comprehensive" monitoring scenario, comprised of all feasible monitoring metrics, is the optimal monitoring scenario. Even with greatly increased cost, the Comprehensive monitoring scenario remains the best solution.We suggest further exploration of the cost and effort required for the Comprehensive scenario, to determine whether it is in the parks' best interest to begin monitoring additional metrics.
William T Route - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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patterns and trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Bald Eagle nestlings in minnesota and wisconsin usa
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2021Co-Authors: William T Route, Cheryl R Dykstra, Michael W Meyer, Sean M Strom, Kelly A WilliamsAbstract:We measured concentrations of up to 17 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in plasma of 492 Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nestlings between 1995 and 2017 from 12 study areas in Wisconsin and Minnesota, USA. Geometric mean concentrations of the sum of 9 PBDE congeners (∑PBDE) measured across all years ranged from 2.88 to 10.8 µg/L, and nestlings in urban areas had higher concentrations than those in remote locations. Region-wide from 2006 through 2017, we found that ∑PBDEs declined by 3.8% annually and congeners BDE-47, -99, and -100 declined by 5.6 to 6.5%, whereas BDE-153 and -154 had no significant declines. When categorized by waterbody type, nestlings from Great Lakes and river study areas had higher concentrations of ∑PBDEs than those at inland lakes, but river study areas spanned the extremes. From 2006 to 2017, ∑PBDEs declined by 7.3% annually in Great Lakes nestlings and by 3.2% in nestlings along rivers, and increased by 32.7% at inland lakes. Using a longer dataset (1995-2015), we found that ∑PBDEs declined in Lake Superior nestlings by 3.3% annually. Our results show that PBDEs declined in Bald Eagle nestling plasma in most study areas since PBDE production was reduced, but that concentrations remain high near urban centers and that trends differ by congener, study area, and waterbody type. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;00:1-13. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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patterns and trends in lead pb concentrations in Bald Eagle haliaeetus leucocephalus nestlings from the western great lakes region
Ecotoxicology, 2018Co-Authors: Jason E Bruggeman, William T Route, Patrick T Redig, Rebecca L KeyAbstract:Most studies examining Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) exposure to lead (Pb) have focused on adults that ingested spent Pb ammunition during the fall hunting season, often at clinical or lethal levels. We sampled live Bald Eagle nestlings along waterbodies to quantify Pb concentrations in 3 national park units and 2 nearby study areas in the western Great Lakes region. We collected 367 Bald Eagle nestling feather samples over 8 years during spring 2006-2015 and 188 whole blood samples over 4 years during spring 2010-2015. We used Tobit regression models to quantify relationships between Pb concentrations in nestling feathers and blood using study area, year, and nestling attributes as covariates. Pb in nestling feather samples decreased from 2006 to 2015, but there was no trend for Pb in blood samples. Pb concentrations in nestling feather and blood samples were significantly higher in study areas located closer to and within urban areas. Pb in feather and blood samples from the same nestling was positively correlated. Pb in feathers increased with nestling age, but this relationship was not observed for blood. Our results reflect how Pb accumulates in tissues as nestlings grow, with Pb in feathers and blood indexing exposure during feather development and before sampling, respectively. Some nestlings had Pb concentrations in blood that suggested a greater risk to sublethal effects from Pb exposure. Our data provides baselines for Pb concentrations in feathers and blood of nestling Bald Eagles from a variety of waterbody types spanning remote, lightly populated, and human-dominated landscapes.
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patterns and trends in brominated flame retardants in Bald Eagle nestlings from the upper midwestern united states
Environmental Science & Technology, 2014Co-Authors: William T Route, Cheryl R Dykstra, Paul W Rasmussen, Rebecca L Key, Michael W Meyer, John MathewAbstract:We report on patterns and trends in polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the plasma of 284 Bald Eagle nestlings sampled between 1995 and 2011 at six study areas in the upper Midwestern United States. Geometric mean concentrations of total PBDEs (Σ of nine congeners) ranged from 1.78 ng/mL in the upper St. Croix River watershed to 12.0 ng/mL on the Mississippi River. Lake Superior nestlings fell between these two extremes. Between 2006 and 2011, trends differed among study areas with three declining, two remaining stable, and one increasing. Variation in ΣPBDE trends among study areas was linked to trends in individual congeners. The lower brominated PBDEs (BDE-47, -99, and -100) declined 4–10% while the higher brominated congeners (BDE-153 and -154) increased by about 7.0% annually from 2006 to 2011. This increase was the greatest in nestlings from the St. Croix River and below its confluence with the Mississippi River. Region-wide, our data suggest ΣPBDEs increased in Bald Eagle nestlings from 1995 ...
John E Elliott - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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patterns and trends of chlorinated hydrocarbons in nestling Bald Eagle haliaeetus leucocephalus plasma in british columbia and southern california
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2008Co-Authors: Lillian S Cesh, David K. Garcelon, Tony D Williams, John E ElliottAbstract:Patterns and trends of chlorinated hydrocarbons were assessed in Bald Eagle nestling plasma from sites along the west coast of North America. Eagle plasma was sampled from four areas in southwestern British Columbia (BC), a reference site in northern BC, and from Santa Catalina Island, off the coast of California. Sites were chosen to reflect variation in contaminant exposure due to differing recent and/or historic anthropogenic activities. Santa Catalina Island had significantly greater mean concentrations of p,p′-DDE, 41.3 μg/kg wet weight (ww), than other sites, and Nanaimo/Crofton, BC had the greatest mean concentration of total PCBs, 28.9 μg/kg ww. Contaminant levels measured in 2003 in BC were compared to levels measured in 1993; over that ten year span, concentrations and patterns of chlorinated hydrocarbons have not significantly changed. There were no significant differences in levels of p,p′-DDE or hexachlorobenzene between 1993 and 2003, but significant decreases were found for trans-nonachlor and PCBs at BC sites. Levels of total PCBs and trans-nonachlor in the central Fraser Valley and Nanaimo/Crofton area have significantly decreased. Mean concentrations of p,p′-DDE measured in Bald Eagle nestling plasma samples in 2003 exceeded published criteria for effects on Bald Eagle reproduction at Santa Catalina Island and Barkley Sound, more than 30 years since heavy usage restrictions were imposed.
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sensitivity of Bald Eagle haliaeetus leucocephalus hepatocyte cultures to induction of cytochrome p4501a by 2 3 7 8 tetrachlorodibenzo p dioxin
Ecotoxicology, 2003Co-Authors: Sean W Kennedy, Stephanie P Jones, John E ElliottAbstract:Graded doses of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) were added to primary hepatocyte cultures of Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) embryos to determine their sensitivity to induction of cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and porphyrin accumulation. No porphyrin accumulation was observed, but both CYP1A catalytic activity (using the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay) and immunodetectable CYP1A were induced by relatively high concentrations of TCDD. Bald Eagle hepatocytes were less sensitive to CYP1A induction than hepatocytes from any other avian species that we have studied to date. These in vitro results are in general agreement with recent assessments of field data, which indicate that Bald Eagles are relatively insensitive to some of the effects of TCDD and related compounds. Preparation of Bald Eagle hepatocytes was challenging because existing methods did not yield monolayers of cells. Here we describe details of a new method that was successful for Bald Eagle hepatocytes. This new method is used routinely in our laboratory to prepare hepatocyte cultures from birds for examination of various biochemical responses to environmental contaminants.
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chlorinated hydrocarbon contaminants and productivity of Bald Eagle populations on the pacific coast of canada
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1998Co-Authors: John E Elliott, Ross J NorstromAbstract:From 1991 to 1995, we studied Bald Eagle populations breeding near three pulp mills in the Strait of Georgia, in the Fraser River estuary, and at remote reference sites on the west coast of Vancouver Island, northern Johnstone Strait, and the Queen Charlotte Islands (Haida Gwaii). Our objective was to determine occupancy of breeding territories, measure nest success, and compare the results to chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in eggs and in nestling plasma samples. Blood samples were collected in 1993 and 1994 from 52 nestlings in 38 nests and plasma analyzed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine (OC), pesticides, and lipid content. Most measured compounds partitioned with plasma lipids, with the exception of hepta- and octachlorinated dioxins and furans. Because of significant variation in plasma lipid content among sites, contaminant concentrations were adjusted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Mean concentrations of 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs, PCDFs, and calculated international toxic equivalents (I-TEQs) in nestling plasma were highest in samples from near pulp mills on southeast Vancouver Island (Nanaimo and Crofton) and Powell River. Mean total PCB concentrations were also highest in the industrialized Strait of Georgia region, such as at Powell River (56 μg/kg), while OC pesticide concentrations, including 1,1-dichloroethylene bis(p-chlorophenyl) (DDE), did not vary significantly among sites. Nest success was followed for 5 years at 250 breeding territories in the nine study areas. Average productivity was higher at most study sites around the Strait of Georgia compared to the reference areas. There were no significant relationships between productivity and I-TEQs or any tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-like compounds for the whole data set; only DDE in plasma was weakly related to productivity. Likewise, there were no significant relationships between individual nest productivity and contaminant levels in eggs, based on previously published data. We also tested for variability within study areas by comparing productivity at nests adjacent to dioxin fishery closure areas at three pulp mills compared to nearby nests outside the closure areas. At two pulp mill sites, Powell River and Nanaimo, there were no differences in productivity; however, at Crofton, average productivity, 0.26 young/occupied territory, was significantly lower at nine Bald Eagle territories adjacent to a dioxin—fishery closure zone compared to eight territories outside of the closure area, 1.0 young/occupied territory. The cause of the low reproductive rate at Crofton has not been determined, although a toxicological explanation has not been ruled out.
Carol Uphoff Meteyer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bald Eagle Nestling Mortality Associated with Argas radiatus and Argas ricei Tick Infestation and Successful Management with Nest Removal in Arizona, USA
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: A. Justice-allen, Kyle M. Mccarty, Kenneth V. Jacobson, Krysten L Schuler, Carol Uphoff MeteyerAbstract:Abstract Eight Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nestlings heavily infested with larval ticks were found in or under a nest near the confluence of the Verde and Salt rivers in Arizona in 2009–11. The 8–12-wk-old nestlings were slow to respond to stimuli and exhibited generalized muscle weakness or paresis of the pelvic limbs. Numerous cutaneous and subcutaneous hemorrhages were associated with sites of tick attachment. Ticks were identified as Argas radiatus and Argas ricei. Treatment with acaricides and infection with West Nile virus (WNV) may have confounded the clinical presentation in 2009 and 2010. However, WNV-negative birds exhibited similar signs in 2011. One nestling recovered from paresis within 36 h after the removal of all adult and larval ticks (>350) and was released within 3 wk. The signs present in the heavily infested Bald Eagle nestlings resembled signs associated with tick paralysis, a neurotoxin-mediated paralytic syndrome described in mammals, reptiles, and wild birds (though not ...
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Bald Eagle Nestling Mortality Associated with Argas radiatus and Argas ricei Tick Infestation and Successful Management with Nest Removal in Arizona, USA
Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2016Co-Authors: A. Justice-allen, Kyle M. Mccarty, Kenneth V. Jacobson, Krysten L Schuler, Carol Uphoff MeteyerAbstract:Abstract Eight Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) nestlings heavily infested with larval ticks were found in or under a nest near the confluence of the Verde and Salt rivers in Arizona in 2009–11. The 8–12-wk-old nestlings were slow to respond to stimuli and exhibited generalized muscle weakness or paresis of the pelvic limbs. Numerous cutaneous and subcutaneous hemorrhages were associated with sites of tick attachment. Ticks were identified as Argas radiatus and Argas ricei. Treatment with acaricides and infection with West Nile virus (WNV) may have confounded the clinical presentation in 2009 and 2010. However, WNV-negative birds exhibited similar signs in 2011. One nestling recovered from paresis within 36 h after the removal of all adult and larval ticks (>350) and was released within 3 wk. The signs present in the heavily infested Bald Eagle nestlings resembled signs associated with tick paralysis, a neurotoxin-mediated paralytic syndrome described in mammals, reptiles, and wild birds (though not ...
