The Experts below are selected from a list of 54993 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Maija Sirola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scientific Support by the BONUS+ Projects for the Sustainability of the Baltic Sea Region: The Case of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan
AMBIO, 2014Co-Authors: Kaisa Kononen, Andris Andrusaitis, Maija SirolaAbstract:The synthesis of the BONUS+ reSearch is introduced. The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan is examined as a case to illustrate the potentials and challenges in building the science–policymaking interface on a macroregional level. The projects address environmental challenges in the Baltic Sea as defined by the Baltic Sea Action Plan, or consider the environmental governance and decision making within the Baltic Sea context in general. Eutrophication, biodiversity, hazardous substances, maritime activities, and the environment governance are addressed, as are crosscutting issues, such as the impact of climate change, maritime spatial planning and impacts of future development on ecosystem services. The projects contributed to relevant policy developments: 37 consultations carried out at EU level, 49 modifications to policy documents and action plans, 153 suggestions for the efficacy of pertinent public policies and governance, and in 570 occasions, scientists working in BONUS+ projects served as members or observers in scientific and stakeholder committees.
Andreas Lehmann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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CAVIAR: Climate variability of the Baltic Sea area and the response of the general circulation of the Baltic Sea to climate variability
2010Co-Authors: Andreas Lehmann, Hans-harald Hinrichsen, Klaus Getzlaff, Friedrich W. KösterAbstract:The warming trend for the entire globe (1850-2005) is 0.04°C per decade. A specific warming period started around 1980 and continues at least until 2005, with a temperature increase of about 0.17°C per decade. This trend is equally well evident for many areas on the globe, especially on the northern hemisphere in observations and climate simulations. For the Baltic Sea catchment, which lies between maritime temperate and continental sub-Arctic climate zones, an even stronger warming of about 0.4°C per decade appeared since 1980. The annual mean air temperature increased by about 1°C until 2004. A similar warming trend could be observed for the Sea surface temperature of the Baltic Sea. Even the annual mean water temperatures averaged spatially and vertically for the deep basins of the Baltic Sea show similar trends. We provide a detailed analysis of the climate variability and associated changes in the Baltic Sea catchment area as well as in the Baltic Sea itself for the period 1958-2009, in which the recent acceleration of the climate warming happened. Changes in the atmospheric conditions causes corresponding changes in the Baltic Sea, not only for temperature and salinity but also for currents and circulation. These changes in the physical conditions have strong impact on the marine ecosystem structure and processes.
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Upwelling in the Baltic Sea — A review
Journal of Marine Systems, 2008Co-Authors: Andreas Lehmann, Kai MyrbergAbstract:Upwelling is a typical phenomenon of the Baltic Sea. Because the Baltic Sea is a semi- enclosed basin, winds from favorable directions blowing predominately parallel to the coast cause upwelling leading to vertical displacement of the water body and mixing. During the thermal stratified period, upwelling can lead to a strong Sea-surface temperature drop of more than 10 °C changing drastically the thermal balance and stability conditions at the Sea-surface. Upwelling can play a key role in replenishing the euphotic zone with the nutritional components necessary for biological productivity when the surface layer is depleted of nutrients. Consequently, it has been found out that in such areas where upwelling lifts phosphorus-rich deep water to the surface, the N/P ratio becomes low which favors the blooming of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae. The rapid temperature decrease during such events was recognized and documented a long time ago when temperature measurements became available. Thus, the study of the upwelling process has a long tradition. However, although the importance of upwelling has generally been accepted for the Baltic Sea, no general review of upwelling exists. The objective of this paper is a comprehensive review of the upwelling process, its dynamics and reflections to ecosystem processes in the Baltic Sea using all relevant literature which will help to close the gaps of present knowledge and some recommendations for future work are outlined accordingly.
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upwelling in the Baltic Sea a review
Journal of Marine Systems, 2008Co-Authors: Andreas Lehmann, Kai MyrbergAbstract:Upwelling is a typical phenomenon of the Baltic Sea. Because the Baltic Sea is a semi- enclosed basin, winds from favorable directions blowing predominately parallel to the coast cause upwelling leading to vertical displacement of the water body and mixing. During the thermal stratified period, upwelling can lead to a strong Sea-surface temperature drop of more than 10 °C changing drastically the thermal balance and stability conditions at the Sea-surface. Upwelling can play a key role in replenishing the euphotic zone with the nutritional components necessary for biological productivity when the surface layer is depleted of nutrients. Consequently, it has been found out that in such areas where upwelling lifts phosphorus-rich deep water to the surface, the N/P ratio becomes low which favors the blooming of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae. The rapid temperature decrease during such events was recognized and documented a long time ago when temperature measurements became available. Thus, the study of the upwelling process has a long tradition. However, although the importance of upwelling has generally been accepted for the Baltic Sea, no general review of upwelling exists. The objective of this paper is a comprehensive review of the upwelling process, its dynamics and reflections to ecosystem processes in the Baltic Sea using all relevant literature which will help to close the gaps of present knowledge and some recommendations for future work are outlined accordingly.
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Knowledge of the Baltic Sea physics gained during the BALTEX and related programmes
Progress in Oceanography, 2004Co-Authors: Anders Omstedt, Andreas Lehmann, Jüri Elken, Jan PiechuraAbstract:Review is given about the main results of the oceanographic component of the BALTEX reSearch programme (one of the six continental scale experiments within GEWEX-WCRP to study water and energy cycles in the regional climate system) and related programmes/projects over the last 10 years. Working closely together with two other components – regional meteorology and hydrology of the Baltic Sea drainage basin – oceanographic reSearch has considerably improved the understanding of and ability to model the Baltic Sea marine system. In the Baltic Sea physics seven different broad topics are identified where knowledge has significantly improved. These are reviewed together with a discussion of gaps in knowledge. The focus is on the water and energy cycles of the Baltic Sea, but various aspects of forcing and validation data and modelling are also discussed. The major advances achieved through BALTEX and related programmes are: • Meteorological, hydrological, ocean and ice data are now available for the reSearch community. • Progress in understanding of the strong impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation on Baltic Sea circulation, water mass exchange, Sea ice evolution, and changes in the ocean conditions of the Baltic Sea. • Progress in understanding of the importance of strait flows in the exchange of water into and within the Baltic Sea. • Progress in understanding of intra-basin processes. • Ocean models introduced into Baltic Sea water and energy studies. • Development of turbulence models and 3D ocean circulation models for application to the Baltic Sea. • Improved Baltic Sea ice modelling and increased understanding of the need for coupled atmosphere–ice–ocean-land models.
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On the thermohaline variability of the Baltic Sea
Journal of Marine Systems, 2000Co-Authors: Andreas Lehmann, Hans-harald HinrichsenAbstract:A coupled ice–ocean model is utilized to investigate the transports of heat, salt and water in the Baltic Sea for the years 1986, 1988, 1993 and 1994. The oceanic component of the coupled system is a three-dimensional baroclinic model of the Baltic Sea including the Belt Sea and the Skagerrak/Kattegat area. The model has a horizontal resolution of ∼5 km and 28 vertical levels specified. The ice model is based on the Hamburg Sea Ice model, with the same horizontal resolution. The coupled system is driven by atmospheric data provided by the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI; Norrkoping, Sweden) and river runoff taken from a monthly mean runoff database. The thermohaline variability of the Baltic Sea strongly depends on the fluctuations of the atmospheric forcing conditions. Therefore, high demands on the spatial and temporal resolution of the meteorological forcing are required. Besides heat and radiation fluxes, precipitation and evaporation rates have to be taken into account. From the coupled runs, the different components determining the energy and water cycle of the Baltic Sea are identified and estimates of the water, heat and salt transports are given for the different years. Furthermore, the thermohaline variability is investigated with respect to the relevant forcing mechanisms including atmospheric, as well as fresh water fluxes. Besides the heat and water fluxes of the Baltic Sea and the water mass exchange with the North Sea, internal fluxes of heat, salt and volume between the different subbasins of the Baltic Sea are presented. Sensitivity studies on the variation of the net fresh water flux indicate that uncertainties in precipitation and/or river runoff can have a strong impact on the inflow of highly saline water from the North Sea, thus, influencing the thermohaline circulation of the Baltic Sea.
Kai Myrberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Upwelling in the Baltic Sea — A review
Journal of Marine Systems, 2008Co-Authors: Andreas Lehmann, Kai MyrbergAbstract:Upwelling is a typical phenomenon of the Baltic Sea. Because the Baltic Sea is a semi- enclosed basin, winds from favorable directions blowing predominately parallel to the coast cause upwelling leading to vertical displacement of the water body and mixing. During the thermal stratified period, upwelling can lead to a strong Sea-surface temperature drop of more than 10 °C changing drastically the thermal balance and stability conditions at the Sea-surface. Upwelling can play a key role in replenishing the euphotic zone with the nutritional components necessary for biological productivity when the surface layer is depleted of nutrients. Consequently, it has been found out that in such areas where upwelling lifts phosphorus-rich deep water to the surface, the N/P ratio becomes low which favors the blooming of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae. The rapid temperature decrease during such events was recognized and documented a long time ago when temperature measurements became available. Thus, the study of the upwelling process has a long tradition. However, although the importance of upwelling has generally been accepted for the Baltic Sea, no general review of upwelling exists. The objective of this paper is a comprehensive review of the upwelling process, its dynamics and reflections to ecosystem processes in the Baltic Sea using all relevant literature which will help to close the gaps of present knowledge and some recommendations for future work are outlined accordingly.
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upwelling in the Baltic Sea a review
Journal of Marine Systems, 2008Co-Authors: Andreas Lehmann, Kai MyrbergAbstract:Upwelling is a typical phenomenon of the Baltic Sea. Because the Baltic Sea is a semi- enclosed basin, winds from favorable directions blowing predominately parallel to the coast cause upwelling leading to vertical displacement of the water body and mixing. During the thermal stratified period, upwelling can lead to a strong Sea-surface temperature drop of more than 10 °C changing drastically the thermal balance and stability conditions at the Sea-surface. Upwelling can play a key role in replenishing the euphotic zone with the nutritional components necessary for biological productivity when the surface layer is depleted of nutrients. Consequently, it has been found out that in such areas where upwelling lifts phosphorus-rich deep water to the surface, the N/P ratio becomes low which favors the blooming of nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae. The rapid temperature decrease during such events was recognized and documented a long time ago when temperature measurements became available. Thus, the study of the upwelling process has a long tradition. However, although the importance of upwelling has generally been accepted for the Baltic Sea, no general review of upwelling exists. The objective of this paper is a comprehensive review of the upwelling process, its dynamics and reflections to ecosystem processes in the Baltic Sea using all relevant literature which will help to close the gaps of present knowledge and some recommendations for future work are outlined accordingly.
Kaisa Kononen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scientific Support by the BONUS+ Projects for the Sustainability of the Baltic Sea Region: The Case of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan
AMBIO, 2014Co-Authors: Kaisa Kononen, Andris Andrusaitis, Maija SirolaAbstract:The synthesis of the BONUS+ reSearch is introduced. The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan is examined as a case to illustrate the potentials and challenges in building the science–policymaking interface on a macroregional level. The projects address environmental challenges in the Baltic Sea as defined by the Baltic Sea Action Plan, or consider the environmental governance and decision making within the Baltic Sea context in general. Eutrophication, biodiversity, hazardous substances, maritime activities, and the environment governance are addressed, as are crosscutting issues, such as the impact of climate change, maritime spatial planning and impacts of future development on ecosystem services. The projects contributed to relevant policy developments: 37 consultations carried out at EU level, 49 modifications to policy documents and action plans, 153 suggestions for the efficacy of pertinent public policies and governance, and in 570 occasions, scientists working in BONUS+ projects served as members or observers in scientific and stakeholder committees.
Andris Andrusaitis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Scientific Support by the BONUS+ Projects for the Sustainability of the Baltic Sea Region: The Case of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan
AMBIO, 2014Co-Authors: Kaisa Kononen, Andris Andrusaitis, Maija SirolaAbstract:The synthesis of the BONUS+ reSearch is introduced. The HELCOM Baltic Sea Action Plan is examined as a case to illustrate the potentials and challenges in building the science–policymaking interface on a macroregional level. The projects address environmental challenges in the Baltic Sea as defined by the Baltic Sea Action Plan, or consider the environmental governance and decision making within the Baltic Sea context in general. Eutrophication, biodiversity, hazardous substances, maritime activities, and the environment governance are addressed, as are crosscutting issues, such as the impact of climate change, maritime spatial planning and impacts of future development on ecosystem services. The projects contributed to relevant policy developments: 37 consultations carried out at EU level, 49 modifications to policy documents and action plans, 153 suggestions for the efficacy of pertinent public policies and governance, and in 570 occasions, scientists working in BONUS+ projects served as members or observers in scientific and stakeholder committees.
