Bank Protection

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Arnd Weber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Habitat rehabilitation in urban waterways: the ecological potential of Bank Protection structures for benthic invertebrates
    Urban Ecosystems, 2017
    Co-Authors: Arnd Weber, Xavier-françois Garcia, Christian Wolter
    Abstract:

    Compensating for the adverse ecological impacts of waterway development and improving their ecological functioning to achieve good ecological potential (GEP) have become mandatory within the European Union (EU). The technical rehabilitation measures presented here aim to functionally minimize the hydraulic impacts of navigation on aquatic biota in highly urbanized waterways. Their ecological functioning and potential to enhance biodiversity locally was assessed by comparing their macro-invertebrate community composition with nearby non-restored sites. Rehabilitation led to lower hydraulic impact on the littoral zone, which in turn led to the presence of otherwise missing macrophytes and the occurrence of organic mud habitats colonized by invertebrates typically rare in urban waterways. While the control sites were dominated by few, mostly invasive taxa in vast numbers, the rehabilitated sites exhibited a highly diverse community with 22 protected mollusc and insect taxa typically found in the oxbow communities of natural rivers. This major improvement was however not detected using the core metrics of the legally required national assessment tools of the EU Water Framework Directive. Overall results proved the success of this type of rehabilitation measure with respect to improving biodiversity, but they also showed the limiting and key factors influencing the macro-invertebrate communities of highly deteriorated urban waterways. Indeed, future implementations of this type of rehabilitation measure should consider spatial extent, water exchange rates, temporal succession of vegetation and adaptive management to improve its ecological functioning.

  • modelling the influence of aquatic vegetation on the hydrodynamics of an alternative Bank Protection measure in a navigable waterway
    River Research and Applications, 2016
    Co-Authors: Arnd Weber, Jingxin Zhang, A Nardin, Alexander Sukhodolov, Christian Wolter
    Abstract:

    Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an effective tool for assessing hydrodynamics in complex environments. This paper reports on a CFD study of navigation-induced flows in a shallow, wave-protected, littoral habitat of the urban Spree River. It was constructed as a rehabilitation structure for aquatic organisms and subject to abundant growth of aquatic and riparian vegetation. This study aims to quantify the hydrodynamics induced by vessel movements and its consequences for water exchange and lateral connectivity between the habitat and the main channel with three representative, natural densities of aquatic plants. The simulations revealed both high efficiency of the rehabilitation structure in reducing hydrodynamic forces in the littoral and a superimposed reduction of hydrodynamic forces, and increase of flushing time with increased plant cover. Higher vegetation density resulted in lower wave propagation and lower connectivity of the rehabilitation structure with the fairway. Thus, natural succession of aquatic vegetation in the shallow habitats leads to increasing isolation and finally to terrestrialization. Maintaining the functionality of the rehabilitation structure as habitat for other aquatic organisms requires either plant removal or preferably adaptive modification, e.g. by successively increasing the openings to the main channel and letting the plants take over the protective function of the technical facilities. The developed CFD model helps to find hydrodynamically optimized solutions and to support decision-making process for maintaining littoral refuges for plants and weak swimming organisms in navigable waterways. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Christian Wolter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Habitat rehabilitation in urban waterways: the ecological potential of Bank Protection structures for benthic invertebrates
    Urban Ecosystems, 2017
    Co-Authors: Arnd Weber, Xavier-françois Garcia, Christian Wolter
    Abstract:

    Compensating for the adverse ecological impacts of waterway development and improving their ecological functioning to achieve good ecological potential (GEP) have become mandatory within the European Union (EU). The technical rehabilitation measures presented here aim to functionally minimize the hydraulic impacts of navigation on aquatic biota in highly urbanized waterways. Their ecological functioning and potential to enhance biodiversity locally was assessed by comparing their macro-invertebrate community composition with nearby non-restored sites. Rehabilitation led to lower hydraulic impact on the littoral zone, which in turn led to the presence of otherwise missing macrophytes and the occurrence of organic mud habitats colonized by invertebrates typically rare in urban waterways. While the control sites were dominated by few, mostly invasive taxa in vast numbers, the rehabilitated sites exhibited a highly diverse community with 22 protected mollusc and insect taxa typically found in the oxbow communities of natural rivers. This major improvement was however not detected using the core metrics of the legally required national assessment tools of the EU Water Framework Directive. Overall results proved the success of this type of rehabilitation measure with respect to improving biodiversity, but they also showed the limiting and key factors influencing the macro-invertebrate communities of highly deteriorated urban waterways. Indeed, future implementations of this type of rehabilitation measure should consider spatial extent, water exchange rates, temporal succession of vegetation and adaptive management to improve its ecological functioning.

  • modelling the influence of aquatic vegetation on the hydrodynamics of an alternative Bank Protection measure in a navigable waterway
    River Research and Applications, 2016
    Co-Authors: Arnd Weber, Jingxin Zhang, A Nardin, Alexander Sukhodolov, Christian Wolter
    Abstract:

    Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an effective tool for assessing hydrodynamics in complex environments. This paper reports on a CFD study of navigation-induced flows in a shallow, wave-protected, littoral habitat of the urban Spree River. It was constructed as a rehabilitation structure for aquatic organisms and subject to abundant growth of aquatic and riparian vegetation. This study aims to quantify the hydrodynamics induced by vessel movements and its consequences for water exchange and lateral connectivity between the habitat and the main channel with three representative, natural densities of aquatic plants. The simulations revealed both high efficiency of the rehabilitation structure in reducing hydrodynamic forces in the littoral and a superimposed reduction of hydrodynamic forces, and increase of flushing time with increased plant cover. Higher vegetation density resulted in lower wave propagation and lower connectivity of the rehabilitation structure with the fairway. Thus, natural succession of aquatic vegetation in the shallow habitats leads to increasing isolation and finally to terrestrialization. Maintaining the functionality of the rehabilitation structure as habitat for other aquatic organisms requires either plant removal or preferably adaptive modification, e.g. by successively increasing the openings to the main channel and letting the plants take over the protective function of the technical facilities. The developed CFD model helps to find hydrodynamically optimized solutions and to support decision-making process for maintaining littoral refuges for plants and weak swimming organisms in navigable waterways. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A. Chaudhary - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Pull a few strings [complete Protection of multistring fuseless capacitor Banks]
    IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, 2003
    Co-Authors: A. Chaudhary, K. Fender, L. Fendrick, J. Mccall
    Abstract:

    This article describes a novel application of the impedance method to provide complete Bank Protection by measuring the impedance of each series string of the capacitor Bank.

  • Complete relay Protection of multi-string fuseless capacitor Banks
    Conference Record of the 2002 Annual Pulp and Paper Industry Technical Conference (Cat. No.02CH37352), 2002
    Co-Authors: L. Fendrick, K. Fender, J. Mccall, A. Chaudhary
    Abstract:

    The trend towards large fuseless shunt capacitor Banks being employed in power systems is due to the lower cost, compact design, higher reliability with less exposed live parts, and lower losses. This paper describes a novel application of the impedance method to provide complete Bank Protection by measuring the impedance of each series string of the capacitor Bank. The scheme can identify the string(s) with an alarm or trip condition, keep the Bank in service with pack failures in multiple strings, and only trip when the Bank is actually in an unacceptable operating condition. Because this scheme can account for the distributed failure of packs in strings, Bank availability can be increased.

  • A primer on capacitor Bank Protection
    IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2001
    Co-Authors: M. Bishop, A. Chaudhary
    Abstract:

    Capacitor Banks are applied in power systems to provide reactive power. The reactive power results in lower current in lines upstream of the Bank improving system voltage and power factor and reducing line losses. Capacitor Banks can be configured as filters for harmonic reduction. The Protection systems for capacitor Banks include fuses, surge arresters, and protective relays. This paper focuses on protective relaying philosophies of grounded and ungrounded Y-connected shunt capacitor Banks, which are commonly applied on industrial and utility power systems.

Hiroshi Teraguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hydraulic characteristics of typical Bank Protection works along the brahmaputra jamuna river bangladesh
    Journal of Flood Risk Management, 2013
    Co-Authors: Hajime Nakagawa, Hao Zhang, Yasuyuki Baba, Kenji Kawaike, Hiroshi Teraguchi
    Abstract:

    Severe Bank erosion is one of the most challenging problems in the management of large rivers in Bangladesh. This paper describes the detailed flow patterns around typical Bank-Protection works on the Brahmaputra/Jamuna River as well as their morphological implications. Based on field surveys at several locations along this large alluvial river that are highly susceptible to erosion, attempts are made to clarify the flow fields and mechanisms of Bank erosion. The performance of existing measures such as revetments and spur dykes are evaluated, and possible solutions for further enhancements are proposed. It is found that existing conventional works are generally huge in both size and cost, potentially exerting great disturbances on the river's dynamism and ecosystem. That said, the Bandal – a historied and indigenous structure – is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. This study suggests the recurrent use of Bandal-like structures for channel stabilisation and flood management of the braided Brahmaputra/Jamuna River.

  • Hydraulic characteristics of typical BankProtection works along the Brahmaputra/Jamuna River, Bangladesh
    Journal of Flood Risk Management, 2013
    Co-Authors: Hajime Nakagawa, Hao Zhang, Yasuyuki Baba, Kenji Kawaike, Hiroshi Teraguchi
    Abstract:

    Severe Bank erosion is one of the most challenging problems in the management of large rivers in Bangladesh. This paper describes the detailed flow patterns around typical Bank-Protection works on the Brahmaputra/Jamuna River as well as their morphological implications. Based on field surveys at several locations along this large alluvial river that are highly susceptible to erosion, attempts are made to clarify the flow fields and mechanisms of Bank erosion. The performance of existing measures such as revetments and spur dykes are evaluated, and possible solutions for further enhancements are proposed. It is found that existing conventional works are generally huge in both size and cost, potentially exerting great disturbances on the river's dynamism and ecosystem. That said, the Bandal – a historied and indigenous structure – is cost-effective and environmentally friendly. This study suggests the recurrent use of Bandal-like structures for channel stabilisation and flood management of the braided Brahmaputra/Jamuna River.

Peter A Troch - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • PROTOTYPE MONITORING OF SHIP WAVE ACTION ON A NATURE FRIENDLY Bank Protection IN A NON-TIDAL, CONFINED WATERWAY
    2020
    Co-Authors: Peter A Troch
    Abstract:

    The road towards a sustainable inland waterway network entails the installation of an ecologically sound and technically effective Bank Protection. A lack of information regarding design and installation criteria still results in repetitive construction and installation mistakes, especially where a harsh hydraulic climate limits the environmental carrying capacity of the waterway. Heavy shipping traffic is the key opposer for nature friendly Bank Protection on confined, non-tidal waterways. Because ship characteristics vary with ship design and operation, interact with topographic boundaries and locally change hydraulic conditions, ambiguity is likely to persist in absence of direct field measurements. Accordingly, an innovative stand-alone prototype monitoring system is designed and installed on-site. It is primarily developed to quantify the ship wave-generated loading and forcing on the nature friendly Bank Protection and to assess the technical performance of its structure and configuration both on short and long term. That’s why, next to a fixed monitoring system, a mobile, easy-to-use system is also worked out by reengineering the instrumentation. Data acquisition started as from 2010 onwards. Since June 2011, a few test cases with varied configurations of the prototype were additionally monitored.

  • Field monitoring of ship wave action on environmentally friendly Bank Protection in a confined waterway
    Journal of Waterway Port Coastal and Ocean Engineering-asce, 2013
    Co-Authors: Peter A Troch
    Abstract:

    The road toward a sustainable inland waterway network entails the installation of ecologically sound and technically effective Bank Protection. Heavy shipping traffic complicates the development of environmentally friendly Bank Protection on confined, nontidal waterways. Because in such conditions ship waves vary with ship design and operation, with topographic boundaries and locally changing hydraulic conditions, ship wave action is poorly understood. Therefore, a stand-alone field monitoring system was designed that accurately measures the impact on and response of environmentally friendly Bank Protection, consisting of off-Bank timber piling and vegetation (reeds). Subsequently, the instrumentation was re-engineered and extended to a mobile version, enhancing the dynamic measurement possibilities. In this paper, the setup of both measurement systems is described, together with a detailed overview of the selected measurement instrumentation and good installation practices. The added value of these field monitoring systems is illustrated with an example of the monitoring system’s data output.

  • How ship wave action influences the sediment budget of a nature friendly Bank Protection in a confined, non-tidal waterway
    2012
    Co-Authors: Lisa Vanhaute, Peter A Troch
    Abstract:

    Failure of the concrete slab revetment resulted in progressive Bank erosion along the Lys (Belgium), a confined, non-tidal waterway subject to heavy shipping traffic. In an attempt to reconcile both the technical and environmental requirements related to a river Bank, restoration was carried out using a more ecologically sound, ‘soft’ engineering method. A nature friendly Bank Protection, consisting of off-Bank timber piling in combination with (reed)vegetation in the shallow water zone behind, was installed.