The Experts below are selected from a list of 18165 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Anita Taci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cost efficiency of banks in transition evidence from 289 banks in 15 post communist countries
Journal of Banking and Finance, 2005Co-Authors: Steven Fries, Anita TaciAbstract:Abstract To understand the transformation of Banking in the post-communist transition, we examine the cost efficiency of 289 banks in 15 East European countries. We find that Banking systems in which foreign-owned banks have a larger share of total assets have lower costs and that the association between a country’s progress in Banking Reform and cost efficiency is non-linear. Early stages of Reform are associated with cost reductions, while costs tend to rise at more advanced stages. Private banks are more efficient than state-owned banks, but there are differences among private banks. Privatised banks with majority foreign ownership are the most efficient and those with domestic ownership are the least.
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cost efficiency of banks in transition evidence from 289 banks in 15 post communist countries
2004Co-Authors: Steven Fries, Anita TaciAbstract:To understand the transformation of Banking in the post-communist transition, this paper examines the cost efficiency of 289 banks in 15 east European countries. The findings showed that Banking systems in which foreign-owned banks have a larger share of total assets record lower costs and that the association between a country's progress in Banking Reform and cost efficiency is non-linear. Early stages of Reform are associated with cost reductions, while costs tend to rise at more advanced stages. Private banks are more efficient than state-owned banks, but there are differences among private banks. Privatised banks with majority foreign ownership are the most efficient and those with domestic ownership are the least.
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Banking Reform and development in transition economies
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Steven Fries, Anita TaciAbstract:While development of sound, market oriented Banking systems is fundamental to the transition, bank intermediation remains stunted after a decade or more of Reform. This paper examines the impact of Banking and enterprise Reforms and other factors on Banking development in transition economies at both the aggregate level and that of individual banks. A unique contribution of the paper is the analysis of a new panel data set of 515 banks in 16 transition economies for the years 1994 – 99. The analyses show that progress in Banking Reform is the sine qua non of Banking development. However, even where Banking Reforms have advanced, the real expansion of bank loans has failed to keep pace with output growth. There is significant evidence that privatised banks and those with higher capital-asset ratios are expanding more rapidly than state-owned banks and ab initio private banks. Foreign-majority ownership is associated with neither stronger nor weaker real growth in customer loans. These results contrast sharply with evidence of relatively strong growth performance by ab initio private and foreign-owned enterprises in the nonfinancial sectors of the transition economies. Taken together, the findings point to the need for policies that can strengthen supply response of banks to progress in Banking and enterprise Reforms. These measures include the more effective regulation of the entry and exit of banks, removal of obstacles to the expansion of foreign-owned banks and the transfer of technology and Banking skills that expand access to finance, particularly by small and medium-sized enterprises.
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Banking Reform and development in transition economies
2001Co-Authors: Steven Fries, Anita TaciAbstract:While development of sound, market oriented Banking systems is fundamental to the transition, bank intermediation remains stunted after a decade or more of Reform. This paper examines the impact of Banking Reform and other factors on Banking development in transition economies at both the aggregate level and that of individual banks. A unique contribution of the paper is the analysis of a new panel data set of 515 banks in 16 transition economies for the years 1994-99. The analyses show that progress in Banking Reform is sine qua non of Banking development. However, even where Banking Reforms have advanced with liberalisation of interest rates and development of prudential regulation and supervision, the real expansion of bank loans has failed to keep pace with output growth. There is significant evidence that foreign-owned banks and those with higher capital-asset ratios are expanding more rapidly than have other banks and that the larger, more dominant institutions are growing more slowly. However, privatised and ab initio private banks have expanded at about the same rate of state-owned banks. This result contrasts sharply with evidence on influence of ownership on the performance for non-financial enterprises in transition economies. Taken together, the findings point to the need for policies that can strengthen supply response of banks to progress in Banking Reforms. These measures include the more effective regulation of the entry and exit of banks, improvements in their corporate governance and removal of obstacles to foreign entry.
Duncan E Alford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nigerian Banking Reform recent actions and future prospects
Social Science Research Network, 2010Co-Authors: Duncan E AlfordAbstract:Since his appointment in the summer of 2009, the new Governor of the Central Bank of Nigeria, Lamido Sanusi, has introduced a spate of Reforms in response to the global financial crisis and the mismanagement of certain Nigerian banks. This article briefly reviews the history of Nigerian Banking and places this latest Reform effort within the context of that history, analyzes this Reform effort, and suggests some implications of these Reforms for Nigeria.
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nigerian Banking Reform recent actions and future prospects
Journal of International Banking Law and Regulation, 2010Co-Authors: Duncan E AlfordAbstract:has introduced a spate of Reforms in response to the global financial crisis and the mismanagement of certain Nigerian banks. Major changes to the financial industry are under way in Nigeria, the most populous nation in sub-Saharan Africa, the eighth most populous nation in the world, and the seventh largest exporter of oil.
Steven Fries - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cost efficiency of banks in transition evidence from 289 banks in 15 post communist countries
Journal of Banking and Finance, 2005Co-Authors: Steven Fries, Anita TaciAbstract:Abstract To understand the transformation of Banking in the post-communist transition, we examine the cost efficiency of 289 banks in 15 East European countries. We find that Banking systems in which foreign-owned banks have a larger share of total assets have lower costs and that the association between a country’s progress in Banking Reform and cost efficiency is non-linear. Early stages of Reform are associated with cost reductions, while costs tend to rise at more advanced stages. Private banks are more efficient than state-owned banks, but there are differences among private banks. Privatised banks with majority foreign ownership are the most efficient and those with domestic ownership are the least.
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cost efficiency of banks in transition evidence from 289 banks in 15 post communist countries
2004Co-Authors: Steven Fries, Anita TaciAbstract:To understand the transformation of Banking in the post-communist transition, this paper examines the cost efficiency of 289 banks in 15 east European countries. The findings showed that Banking systems in which foreign-owned banks have a larger share of total assets record lower costs and that the association between a country's progress in Banking Reform and cost efficiency is non-linear. Early stages of Reform are associated with cost reductions, while costs tend to rise at more advanced stages. Private banks are more efficient than state-owned banks, but there are differences among private banks. Privatised banks with majority foreign ownership are the most efficient and those with domestic ownership are the least.
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Banking Reform and development in transition economies
Social Science Research Network, 2002Co-Authors: Steven Fries, Anita TaciAbstract:While development of sound, market oriented Banking systems is fundamental to the transition, bank intermediation remains stunted after a decade or more of Reform. This paper examines the impact of Banking and enterprise Reforms and other factors on Banking development in transition economies at both the aggregate level and that of individual banks. A unique contribution of the paper is the analysis of a new panel data set of 515 banks in 16 transition economies for the years 1994 – 99. The analyses show that progress in Banking Reform is the sine qua non of Banking development. However, even where Banking Reforms have advanced, the real expansion of bank loans has failed to keep pace with output growth. There is significant evidence that privatised banks and those with higher capital-asset ratios are expanding more rapidly than state-owned banks and ab initio private banks. Foreign-majority ownership is associated with neither stronger nor weaker real growth in customer loans. These results contrast sharply with evidence of relatively strong growth performance by ab initio private and foreign-owned enterprises in the nonfinancial sectors of the transition economies. Taken together, the findings point to the need for policies that can strengthen supply response of banks to progress in Banking and enterprise Reforms. These measures include the more effective regulation of the entry and exit of banks, removal of obstacles to the expansion of foreign-owned banks and the transfer of technology and Banking skills that expand access to finance, particularly by small and medium-sized enterprises.
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Banking Reform and development in transition economies
2001Co-Authors: Steven Fries, Anita TaciAbstract:While development of sound, market oriented Banking systems is fundamental to the transition, bank intermediation remains stunted after a decade or more of Reform. This paper examines the impact of Banking Reform and other factors on Banking development in transition economies at both the aggregate level and that of individual banks. A unique contribution of the paper is the analysis of a new panel data set of 515 banks in 16 transition economies for the years 1994-99. The analyses show that progress in Banking Reform is sine qua non of Banking development. However, even where Banking Reforms have advanced with liberalisation of interest rates and development of prudential regulation and supervision, the real expansion of bank loans has failed to keep pace with output growth. There is significant evidence that foreign-owned banks and those with higher capital-asset ratios are expanding more rapidly than have other banks and that the larger, more dominant institutions are growing more slowly. However, privatised and ab initio private banks have expanded at about the same rate of state-owned banks. This result contrasts sharply with evidence on influence of ownership on the performance for non-financial enterprises in transition economies. Taken together, the findings point to the need for policies that can strengthen supply response of banks to progress in Banking Reforms. These measures include the more effective regulation of the entry and exit of banks, improvements in their corporate governance and removal of obstacles to foreign entry.
James R Barth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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too big to fail and too big to save dilemmas for Banking Reform
National Institute Economic Review, 2016Co-Authors: James R Barth, Clas WihlborgAbstract:‘Too big to fail’ traditionally refers to a bank that is perceived to generate unacceptable risk to the Banking system and indirectly to the economy as a whole if it were to default and be unable to fulfill its obligations. Such a bank generally has substantial liabilities to other banks through the payment system and other financial links, which can be sources of ‘contagion’ if a bank fails. The main objectives in this paper are to identify the different dimensions of too big to fail and evaluate various proposed Reforms for dealing with this problem. In addition, we document the various dimensions of size and complexity, which may contribute to or reduce a bank's systemic risk. Furthermore, we provide an assessment of economic and political factors shaping the future of too big to fail.
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too big to fail and too big to save dilemmas for Banking Reform
Social Science Research Network, 2015Co-Authors: James R Barth, Clas WihlborgAbstract:“Too big to fail” traditionally refers to a bank that is perceived to generate unacceptable risk to the Banking system and indirectly to the economy as a whole if it were to default and unable to fulfill its obligations. Such a bank generally has substantial liabilities to other banks through the payment system and other financial links, which can be sources of contagion if a bank fails. The main objectives in this paper are to identify the different dimensions of “too big to fail” and evaluate various proposed Reforms for dealing with this problem. In addition, we document the various dimensions of size and complexity, which may contribute to or reduce a bank’s systemic risk. Furthermore, we provide an assessment of economic and political factors shaping the future of “too big to fail.”
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Banking Reform in china catalyzing the nation s financial future
Social Science Research Network, 2004Co-Authors: James R Barth, Rob Koepp, Zhongfei ZhouAbstract:In 2003 China posted its highest economic growth rate in seven years, a robust 9.1 percent. Today the nation's gross domestic product (GDP) dwarfs by more than eight fold its level of 1978, the year China began taking its first tentative steps away from a centrally-planned communist economy towards a mixed socialist-market system. According to the World Bank, market Reforms in China and the growth they have stimulated helped lift more than 250 million people from poverty (roughly equivalent to positively transforming the lives of the combined populations of England, France, Germany, and Italy). In 2003 China's per capita GDP surpassed the $1,000 mark for the first time in history. The greatest and most fundamental undertaking for China's financial Reform over the coming years undeniably will occur in the Banking sector. As with the situation throughout East Asia, businesses in China typically obtain external financing from banks rather than through the issuance of securities. Yet Banking in China represents a glaringly fragile component in its economy. Poor lending policies of the past have produced a massive deadweight of nonperforming loans (NPLs). This article argues that investors and policy makers, while right to be concerned, would be patently wrong to ignore the tremendous upsides that should accompany China's Banking Reforms. Although now a soft spot in the Chinese economy, we contend that China's Banking sector has the momentum and potential not only to be restored to health, but to play a catalytic role as a stimulant to further and sustained growth.
Weitseng Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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wto time s up for chinese banks china s Banking Reform and non performing loan disposal
Chicago Journal of International Law, 2006Co-Authors: Weitseng ChenAbstract:This year's hottest topic in global capital markets will probably be the overseas listings of China's "big four" state-owned commercial banks.1 International investment banks and a considerable number of prestigious international law firms are currently joining forces to shape another golden image of China's economic ascent. Equally striking is the less dazzling side to this tale-that the overseas listings will keep China's banks from collapsing after December 11, 2006, when China, in order to abide by its pledges in the World Trade Organization ("WTO") accession agreement, will have to open its Banking market to foreign competition. China's state Banking system has been struggling with a staggering amount of bad loans, which are estimated at around 40 percent of total outstanding loans.2 In theory, if foreign banks will be conducting local currency business in China, the massive deposit base that has been supporting China's de facto bankrupt Banking system will shift elsewhere.3 In order to prepare its banks for this tough challenge, China has been pushing these banks to seek overseas listings.4 This Article will briefly examine several issues underlying the hottest financial news in this year's global market. In particular, the Article will ask how such large non-performing loans ("NPLs") have come to exist in the Chinese Banking system, how the Chinese economy has managed to grow despite its many flawed and vulnerable banks, and how the Chinese have resolved the NPL problem. Finally, the Article will discuss how effectively the NPL disposal scheme has worked thus far, in the period before the upcoming overseas listings. I. INTRODUCTION Why was China able to survive the Asian financial crisis that began in 1997? A high-ranking Chinese official has given a concise but clear answer: how could we lose this game if we did not even attend it?5 However, the Chinese government was shocked by the pervasive Banking failures that occurred in neighboring countries, including Thailand, South Korea, Indonesia, and Malaysia. The reason for China's concern was understandable: the Chinese Banking system's ratio of bad loans to total outstanding loans was even higher than that of the aforementioned Asian countries prior to the 1997 financial crisis.6 Surprisingly, estimates revealed in 2005 indicate that this is probably still the case.7 Pinpointing the actual amount of China's NPLs is a task that has stymied many top economists and investment analysts. According to the Chinese government, the official number was approximately $240 billion in the middle of 2003,8 a total representing less than half of the number estimated by international organizations and economists. The real figure, as estimated by recent studies, ranges widely from $410 to $815 billion due to the lack of complete, reliable official statistics.9 Studies also show that NPLs have been increasing at the rate of $150 billion per year since 2000.10 Furthermore, the high concentration of financial assets in China's economy fosters a lack of diversification and competition, thereby increasing financial risks. Without a modern capital market, most Chinese households save their money in banks. The savings rate in China is around 40 percent, the world's highest. Eighty-five percent of total household financial assets were in the form of bank deposits in the 1990s, accounting for at least 70 percent of total domestic savings as of 1997.11 If the huge amount of NPLs eventually causes a financial meltdown, it will also undoubtedly trigger a political crisis in China.12 China's state Banking system has amassed 70 percent of total household savings and provided around a million job opportunities.13 Meanwhile, the weak financial market has resulted in bank loans accounting for more than 80 percent of total corporate financing, with state-owned enterprises ("SOEs") supplying nearly 80 percent of these loans.14 SOEs essentially borrow money from people through state banks to maintain their inefficient businesses while thrifty Chinese people live by working for SOEs. …
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wto time s up for chinese banks china s Banking Reform and non performing loan disposal
Social Science Research Network, 2006Co-Authors: Weitseng ChenAbstract:This Article examines China’s Banking Reforms in the 2000s that made the overseas listings of China's “big-four” state-owned bank possible. Prior to such Reforms, China’s state Banking system had been struggling with a staggering amount of non-performing loans (“NPLs”), which were estimated at around 40 percent of total outstanding loans. In particular, the Article investigates how such large NPL have come to exist in the Chinese Banking system, how the Chinese economy has managed to grow despite its many flawed and vulnerable banks, and how the Chinese have resolved the NPL problem. Finally, the Article discusses how effectively the NPL disposal scheme has worked thus far, in the period before the upcoming overseas listings.
