The Experts below are selected from a list of 276 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Xue Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Life cycle greenhouse gas emission reduction potential of Battery electric vehicle
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018Co-Authors: Zhixin Wu, Jihu Zheng, Mingnan Zhao, Michael Wang, Xin Sun, Xue WangAbstract:Purpose: This study uses the life cycle assessment (LCA) method to calculate and compare the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and conventional gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) in 2010, 2014 and 2020 under different scenarios, including different electricity mixes, electricity generation technologies and combined heat and power (CHP) scales, as well as discusses the GHG emission reduction potential of BEVs throughout their life cycle. Methods: The LCA system boundaries, including the vehicle cycle and the fuel cycle, are examined in accordance with the ISO 14040/14044 standards. The China Automotive Life Cycle Database (CALCD), which is the first and primary life cycle database of the China automotive industry, was used. The compositional data for the vehicle components and the Battery Material were obtained from the GREET2 2017 model. Results and discussion: As the electricity mix is optimized, the electricity generation technology is advanced, and the CHP scale is increased from 2010 to 2020, the total life cycle GHG reduction potential of BEVs will gradually improve, reaching 13.4% in 2020, relative to ICEVs. Conclusions: The sensitivity analysis shows that the GHG emissions from electricity, the percentage of fossil fuel in the electricity mix and the electricity consumption of the BEV during use are important parameters influencing the GHG emission reduction potential of BEVs. By adjusting the electricity mix, advancing electricity generation technologies and increasing the CHP scale, the GHG emission reduction potential of BEVs can be improved.
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manufacturing conductive polyaniline graphite nanocomposites with spent Battery powder sbp for energy storage a potential approach for sustainable waste management
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2016Co-Authors: Xiaojuan Duan, Xue Wang, Jinxing DengAbstract:Abstract A potential approach for sustainable waste management of the spent Battery Material (SBM) is established for manufacturing conductive polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites as electrode Materials for supercapacitors, following the principle of “What comes from the power should be used for the power”. The ternary nanocomposites (G/MnO 2 /PANI) containing PANI, graphite powder (G) and remanent MnO 2 nanoparticles and the binary nanocomposites of polyaniline and graphite powder (G/PANI) are synthesized by the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in hydrochloric aqueous solution with the MnO 2 nanoparticles in the spent Battery powder (SBP) as oxidant. The G/PANI sample, which was prepared with MnO 2 /aniline mole ratio of 1:1 with 1.0 mL aniline in 50 mL of 1.0 mol L −1 HCl, exhibits the electrical conductivity of 22.22 S cm −1 , the highest specific capacitance up to 317 F g −1 and the highest energy density of 31.0 Wh kg −1 , with retention of as high as 84.6% of its initial capacitance after 1000 cycles, indicating good cyclic stability.
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A future perspective on lithium-ion Battery waste flows from electric vehicles
Resources Conservation and Recycling, 2014Co-Authors: Kirti Richa, Gabrielle G. Gaustad, Callie W. Babbitt, Xue WangAbstract:As a proactive step towards understanding future waste management challenges, this paper presents a future oriented Material flow analysis (MFA) used to estimate the volume of lithium-ion Battery (LIB) wastes to be potentially generated in the United States due to electric vehicle (EV) deployment in the near and long term future. Because future adoption of LIB and EV technology is uncertain, a set of scenarios was developed to bound the parameters most influential to the MFA model and to forecast “low,” “baseline,” and “high” projections of future end-of-life Battery outflows from years 2015 to 2040. These models were implemented using technology forecasts, technical literature, and bench-scale data characterizing Battery Material composition. Considering the range from the most conservative to most extreme estimates, a cumulative outflow between 0.33 million metric tons and 4 million metric tons of lithium-ion cells could be generated between 2015 and 2040. Of this waste stream, only 42% of the expected Materials (by weight) is currently recycled in the U.S., including metals such as aluminum, cobalt, copper, nickel, and steel. Another 10% of the projected EV Battery waste stream (by weight) includes two high value Materials that are currently not recycled at a significant rate: lithium and manganese. The remaining fraction of this waste stream will include Materials with low recycling potential, for which safe disposal routes must be identified. Results also indicate that because of the potential “lifespan mismatch” between Battery packs and the vehicles in which they are used, batteries with high reuse potential may also be entering the waste stream. As such, a robust end-of-life Battery management system must include an increase in reuse avenues, expanded recycling capacity, and ultimate disposal routes that minimize risk to human and environmental health.
Stina Starborg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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upcycling of spent nimh Battery Material reconditioned Battery alloys show faster activation and reaction kinetics than pristine alloys
Molecules, 2020Co-Authors: Yang Shen, Erik Svensson Grape, Dag Noreus, Erika Widenkvist, Stina StarborgAbstract:During formation and cycling of nickel–metal hydride (NiMH cells), surface corrosion on the metal hydride particles forms a porous outer layer of needle-shaped rare-earth hydroxide crystals. Under this layer, a denser but thinner oxidized layer protects the inner metallic part of the MH electrode powder particles. Nano-sized nickel-containing clusters that are assumed to promote the charge and discharge reaction kinetics are also formed here. In this study, mechanical treatments are tested to recycle hydrogen storage alloys from spent NiMH batteries. This removes the outer corroded surface of the alloy particles, while maintaining the catalytic properties of the surface. Scanning electron microscopy images and powder X-ray diffraction measurements show that the corrosion layer can be partly removed by ball milling or sonication, combined with a simple washing procedure. The reconditioned alloy powders exhibit improved high rate properties and activate more quickly than the pristine alloy. This indicates that the protective interphase layer created on the alloy particle during their earlier cycling is rather stable. The larger active surface that is created by the mechanical impact on the surface by the treatments also improves the kinetic properties. Similarly, the mechanical strain during cycling cracks the alloy particles into finer fragments. However, some of these particles form agglomerates, reducing the accessibility for the electrolyte and rendering them inactive. The mechanical treatment also separates the agglomerates and thus further promotes reaction kinetics in the upcycled Material. Altogether, this suggests that the MH electrode Material can perform better in its second life in a new Battery.
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upcycling of spent nimh Battery Material reconditioned Battery alloys show faster activation and reaction kinetics than pristine alloys as well as longer cycle life due to lower corrosion rates
2018Co-Authors: Yang Shen, Erik Svensson Grape, Dag Noreus, Erika Widenkvist, Stina StarborgAbstract:Upcycling of spent NiMH Battery Material - Reconditioned Battery alloys show faster activation and reaction kinetics than pristine alloys as well as longer cycle life due to lower corrosion rates
Yang Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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upcycling of spent nimh Battery Material reconditioned Battery alloys show faster activation and reaction kinetics than pristine alloys
Molecules, 2020Co-Authors: Yang Shen, Erik Svensson Grape, Dag Noreus, Erika Widenkvist, Stina StarborgAbstract:During formation and cycling of nickel–metal hydride (NiMH cells), surface corrosion on the metal hydride particles forms a porous outer layer of needle-shaped rare-earth hydroxide crystals. Under this layer, a denser but thinner oxidized layer protects the inner metallic part of the MH electrode powder particles. Nano-sized nickel-containing clusters that are assumed to promote the charge and discharge reaction kinetics are also formed here. In this study, mechanical treatments are tested to recycle hydrogen storage alloys from spent NiMH batteries. This removes the outer corroded surface of the alloy particles, while maintaining the catalytic properties of the surface. Scanning electron microscopy images and powder X-ray diffraction measurements show that the corrosion layer can be partly removed by ball milling or sonication, combined with a simple washing procedure. The reconditioned alloy powders exhibit improved high rate properties and activate more quickly than the pristine alloy. This indicates that the protective interphase layer created on the alloy particle during their earlier cycling is rather stable. The larger active surface that is created by the mechanical impact on the surface by the treatments also improves the kinetic properties. Similarly, the mechanical strain during cycling cracks the alloy particles into finer fragments. However, some of these particles form agglomerates, reducing the accessibility for the electrolyte and rendering them inactive. The mechanical treatment also separates the agglomerates and thus further promotes reaction kinetics in the upcycled Material. Altogether, this suggests that the MH electrode Material can perform better in its second life in a new Battery.
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upcycling of spent nimh Battery Material reconditioned Battery alloys show faster activation and reaction kinetics than pristine alloys as well as longer cycle life due to lower corrosion rates
2018Co-Authors: Yang Shen, Erik Svensson Grape, Dag Noreus, Erika Widenkvist, Stina StarborgAbstract:Upcycling of spent NiMH Battery Material - Reconditioned Battery alloys show faster activation and reaction kinetics than pristine alloys as well as longer cycle life due to lower corrosion rates
Isao Watanabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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li diffusion in lixcoo2 probed by muon spin spectroscopy
Physical Review Letters, 2009Co-Authors: Jun Sugiyama, Kazuhiko Mukai, Yutaka Ikedo, Hiroshi Nozaki, Martin Mansson, Isao WatanabeAbstract:The diffusion coefficient of Li+ ions (D(Li)) in the Battery Material LixCoO2 has been investigated by muon-spin relaxation (mu+SR). Based on experiments in zero and weak longitudinal fields at temperatures up to 400 K, we determined the fluctuation rate (nu) of the fields on the muons due to their interaction with the nuclear moments. Combined with susceptibility data and electrostatic potential calculations, clear Li+ ion diffusion was detected above approximately 150 K. The D(Li) estimated from nu was in very good agreement with predictions from first-principles calculations, and we present the mu+SR technique as an optimal probe to detect D(Li) for Materials containing magnetic ions.
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li diffusion in li x coo 2 probed by muon spin spectroscopy
Physical Review Letters, 2009Co-Authors: Jun Sugiyama, Kazuhiko Mukai, Yutaka Ikedo, Hiroshi Nozaki, Martin Mansson, Isao WatanabeAbstract:The diffusion coefficient of ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ ions (${D}_{\mathrm{Li}}$) in the Battery Material ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ has been investigated by muon-spin relaxation (${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\mathrm{SR}$). Based on experiments in zero and weak longitudinal fields at temperatures up to 400 K, we determined the fluctuation rate ($\ensuremath{\nu}$) of the fields on the muons due to their interaction with the nuclear moments. Combined with susceptibility data and electrostatic potential calculations, clear ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ ion diffusion was detected above $\ensuremath{\sim}150\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{K}$. The ${D}_{\mathrm{Li}}$ estimated from $\ensuremath{\nu}$ was in very good agreement with predictions from first-principles calculations, and we present the ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{+}\mathrm{SR}$ technique as an optimal probe to detect ${D}_{\mathrm{Li}}$ for Materials containing magnetic ions.
Navaratnarajah Kuganathan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mg6mno8 as a magnesium ion Battery Material defects dopants and mg ion transport
Energies, 2019Co-Authors: Navaratnarajah Kuganathan, Evangelos I Gkanas, Alexander ChroneosAbstract:Rechargeable magnesium ion batteries have recently received considerable attention as an alternative to Li- or Na-ion batteries. Understanding defects and ion transport is a key step in designing high performance electrode Materials for Mg-ion batteries. Here we present a classical potential-based atomistic simulation study of defects, dopants and Mg-ion transport in Mg6MnO8. The formation of the Mg–Mn anti-site defect cluster is calculated to be the lowest energy process (1.73 eV/defect). The Mg Frenkel is calculated to be the second most favourable intrinsic defect and its formation energy is 2.84 eV/defect. A three-dimensional long-range Mg-ion migration path with overall activation energy of 0.82 eV is observed, suggesting that the diffusion of Mg-ions in this Material is moderate. Substitutional doping of Ga on the Mn site can increase the capacity of this Material in the form of Mg interstitials. The most energetically favourable isovalent dopant for Mg is found to be Fe. Interestingly, Si and Ge exhibit exoergic solution enthalpy for doping on the Mn site, requiring experimental verification.
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li2mnsio4 lithium Battery Material atomic scale study of defects lithium mobility and trivalent dopants
Chemistry of Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Navaratnarajah Kuganathan, M S IslamAbstract:A new family of silicate Materials has attracted interest for potential use in rechargeable lithium batteries. The defect chemistry, doping behavior, and lithium diffusion paths in the Li2MnSiO4 cathode Material are investigated by advanced modeling techniques. Our simulations show good reproduction of both monoclinic and orthorhombic structures of Li2MnSiO4. The most favorable intrinsic defect type is found to be the cation anti-site defect, in which Li and Mn ions exchange positions. The migration energies suggest differences in intrinsic Li mobility between the monoclinic and orthorhombic polymorphs, which would affect their rate capability as rechargeable electrodes. The results indicate curved Li diffusion paths and confirm the anisotropic nature of Li transport, which is probably general for the Li2MSiO4 (M = Mn, Fe, Co) family of compounds. Subvalent doping by Al on the Si site is energetically favorable and could be a synthesis strategy to increase the Li content.
