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Eva Petrovova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Effect of the Bendiocarb on the ultrastructure of rabbit skeletal muscle
    Acta Veterinaria Brno, 2017
    Co-Authors: Katarína Holovská, Viera Almášiová, Lucia Tarabová, Eva Petrovova, Viera Cigánková
    Abstract:

    Bendiocarb belongs to the group of carbamate insecticides that inhibit acetylcholinesterase. In agriculture, it is used to control a variety of insects, therefore it is important to examine every potential aspect of its toxicology. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of Bendiocarb on the ultrastructure of the skeletal muscle in rabbits. Rabbits in all experimental groups received capsules of Bendiocarb (96% Bendiocarb, Bayer, Germany) per os daily at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. Samples of skeletal muscles were collected on days 10 and 20. On day 10 of the experiment, muscle fibres were not affected consistently. The observed changes were moderate and focal. Electron microscopy revealed dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, and myofilament disorganization. On day 20 of the experiment, the ultrastructural changes in muscle fibres were more intense and more frequent. The most important alteration was the disruption of the sarcomeres due to the lysis of both thick and thin myofilaments. However, in the unchanged regions of muscle fibres a prominent mitochondrial swelling was observed. Many mitochondria lacked cristae and thus appeared as large membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles. The results presented in this study indicate that Bendiocarb affects the ultrastructure of skeletal muscles. The intensity of damage (dissolution of myofilaments and disruption of sarcomeres) was related to the duration of administration of Bendiocarb.

  • morphometric alterations steatosis fibrosis and active caspase 3 detection in carbamate Bendiocarb treated rabbit liver
    Environmental Toxicology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, Lenka Luptakova, David Mazensky, Halina Purzyc, Norbert Torma, Igor Sopoliga, David Sedmera
    Abstract:

    Increasing use of pesticides all over the world makes it necessary to reveal the toxic risk in populations of nontargeted organisms. Bendiocarb is one of the 12 insecticides recommended by the World Health Organization for use in malaria control in Africa, and is used against a variety of insects. The liver has an important role in its process of detoxication and excretion. In our experiment 56 adult rabbits of breed HY+, 28 males and 28 females were used. Animals were divided into groups (control, days 10, 20, 30 of Bendiocarb administration). The presence of many binucleated hepatocytes, the highest number of liver cells and their decreased size at 10 day after Bendiocarb administration was observed as an evidence of the hepatic regeneration. After the long-term treatment pronounced changes were presented such as vacuolization and dilatation of hepatocytes, dilatation of sinusoids between hepatocytes, and focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Numerous cells with caspase-3 activity were present throughout the organ, most commonly around the portal tract and close to the central vein. Short and long-term Bendiocarb treatment showed the central vein thickened rim with increased deposition of collagen, spreading of collagen fibers into the perisinusoidal, and pericellular space surrounding the central veins, and septal fibrosis extended from the portal tract. Subsequently, presence of the lipid vacuoles both in the liver parenchyma and inner of the hepatocytes were observed. These results suggest that Bendiocarb treatment leads to increased cell death, liver perisinusoidal fibrosis, and steatosis, especially during the long-term administration.

  • Morphometric alterations, steatosis, fibrosis and active caspase-3 detection in carbamate Bendiocarb treated rabbit liver.
    Environmental toxicology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, Lenka Luptakova, David Mazensky, Halina Purzyc, Norbert Torma, Igor Sopoliga, David Sedmera
    Abstract:

    Increasing use of pesticides all over the world makes it necessary to reveal the toxic risk in populations of nontargeted organisms. Bendiocarb is one of the 12 insecticides recommended by the World Health Organization for use in malaria control in Africa, and is used against a variety of insects. The liver has an important role in its process of detoxication and excretion. In our experiment 56 adult rabbits of breed HY+, 28 males and 28 females were used. Animals were divided into groups (control, days 10, 20, 30 of Bendiocarb administration). The presence of many binucleated hepatocytes, the highest number of liver cells and their decreased size at 10 day after Bendiocarb administration was observed as an evidence of the hepatic regeneration. After the long-term treatment pronounced changes were presented such as vacuolization and dilatation of hepatocytes, dilatation of sinusoids between hepatocytes, and focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Numerous cells with caspase-3 activity were present throughout the organ, most commonly around the portal tract and close to the central vein. Short and long-term Bendiocarb treatment showed the central vein thickened rim with increased deposition of collagen, spreading of collagen fibers into the perisinusoidal, and pericellular space surrounding the central veins, and septal fibrosis extended from the portal tract. Subsequently, presence of the lipid vacuoles both in the liver parenchyma and inner of the hepatocytes were observed. These results suggest that Bendiocarb treatment leads to increased cell death, liver perisinusoidal fibrosis, and steatosis, especially during the long-term administration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 212–222, 2015.

  • Chick development and high dose of Bendiocarb
    Journal of environmental science and health. Part A Toxic hazardous substances & environmental engineering, 2012
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, David Sedmera, Lenka Luptakova, David Mazensky, Jan Danko
    Abstract:

    Developmental data of carbamate pesticides are scarce although they generally possess low toxicity for vertebrates. The aim of the study was to investigate the toxicity of Bendiocarb to liver and central nervous system of chick embryos. Bendiocarb (1600 μg/egg) was administered to the embryo through membrana papyracea on embryonic day 3 and 10. In the liver and central nervous system we observed no macroscopic or microscopic changes. These organs were also investigated for caspase activity in regard to application of Bendiocarb and no differences in the caspase immunopositivity were observed in comparison with the control. The embryolethality after Bendiocarb respective dose was high (94 %) on the embryonic day 3, though following results indicated no toxicity to investigated organs and no increase in the number of apoptotic cells in survived chick embryos on both the early (day 3 of incubation) and the later (day 10 of incubation) developmental stage.

  • ALTERATIONS IN THE RABBIT LYMPHOID TISSUES AND SELECTED PARAMETERS OF HOMEOSTASIS AFTER Bendiocarb ADMINISTRATION
    2011
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, Katarína Holovská, Lenka Luptakova, Jan Danko, Katarina Vdoviakova, David Mazensky, Eliska Spalekova, Marcela Capcarová, Peter Massányi
    Abstract:

    The carbamate compounds are a class of cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides, and Bendiocarb is the most widely used carbamate insecticide used to control disease vectors (mosquitoes, flies, household and agricultural pests). In this study histological structure of rabbit lymphoid tissue and selected parameters of homeostasis after Bendiocarb administration were studied. Bendiocarb was perorally administered for 60 days (D60). The structure of intestinal wall of experimental animals revealed any significant changes. In the small intestine a slight increase in the height of enterocytes and diameter of crypts was detected indicating increased cellular activity. More detailed analysis of Peyer’s patches in experimental groups after administration of Bendiocarb revealed a relative decrease in areas rich in lymphocytes. Observations of the lymph node showed that on D10 and D20 there was a significant increase in relative volume of medulla at the expense of the relative volume of the cortex and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. However, we recorded an increase in diameter of lymphocytes. Bendiocarb addition caused imbalance in internal milieu of rabbits. Main changes were observed in serum creatinine content and activity of serum enzymes (creatinine and GGT on D30, AST on D10 and D30, and GLUD on D10) describing possible failure of liver and/or kidney caused by Bendiocarb. Decrease of some hematological parameters (hematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelet count) in all experimental groups suggests possible significant defection in haemoplastic system.

Yusuf Kalender - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bendiocarb-induced nephrotoxicity in rats and the protective role of vitamins C and E.
    Environmental science and pollution research international, 2019
    Co-Authors: Caglar Adiguzel, Yusuf Kalender
    Abstract:

    Bendiocarb is a pesticide carbamate which is used to protect agricultural products and animals. In this study, rats were given orally with Bendiocarb and also other chemicals via gavage. Male rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 6): group 1 served as controls; group 2 received vitamin C (100 mg/kg bw); group 3 received vitamin E (100 mg/kg bw); group 4 received vitamins C plus E; group 5 received Bendiocarb (0.8 mg/kg 1/50 LD50); group 6 received both Bendiocarb and vitamin C; group 7 received both Bendiocarb and vitamin E; and group 8 received both Bendiocarb and vitamin C and E via oral gavage. Degenerative changes and biochemical differences in rat kidney were investigated after 4 weeks of especially Bendiocarb treatment. While biochemical values were normal in the control group, it was observed that CAT, SOD, GPx, and GST values decreased, while MDA, creatine, urea, and uric acid values increased in the pesticide-treated groups. It was also reported that Bendiocarb caused cytopathological and histopathological changes in rat kidney. We have shown that the application of vitamins has a therapeutic effect on the evaluated parameters.

  • Histopathological Effect of Bendiocarb on Small Intestine Tissues of Rats: Role of Vitamins C and E
    gazi university journal of science, 2019
    Co-Authors: Fatma Gökçe Apaydin, Suna Kalender, Caglar Adiguzel, Yusuf Kalender
    Abstract:

    Bendiocarb is a carbamate insecticide which causes general toxic effects on mammalian. This study aimed to examine the possible ameliorative roles vitamins E and C and their combination against effect of Bendiocarb small intestine toxicity in rats. For this purpose, forty-eight adult albino male rats were divided like: vitamin E, control, vitamin C, vitamins (C and E), Bendiocarb, Bendiocarb+vitamin E, Bendiocarb+vitamin C, and Bendiocarb+vitamin C+vitamin E groups. After four weeks of treatment small intestine tissues were examined for histopathological alterations. Bendiocarb induced toxicity on small intestine tissues, vitamins had not protective effects of this toxicity

  • Bendiocarb induced histopathological and biochemical alterations in rat liver and preventive role of vitamins C and E.
    Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Fatma Gökçe Apaydin, Suna Kalender, Hatice Baş, Yusuf Kalender
    Abstract:

    Abstract In this study, biochemical changes and histological structure of rat liver after Bendiocarb administration and possible preventive effects of vitamins C and E were studied. The animals were given with Bendiocarb, vitamin C and vitamin E, daily 0,8 mg/kg of body weight (bw), 100 mg/kg-bw and 100 mg/kg-bw for 28 days, respectively. Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activities, histological alterations and antioxidant capacity assays of liver and also liver function tests and lipid profile were measured. Bendiocarb treatment decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities, FRAP and TEAC values and increased malondialdehyde levels compared to control. Also, there were statistically significant alterations in liver function tests, lipid profile parameters and histopathological changes in Bendiocarb treated groups. Vitamins C and E showed protective effects against examining parameters. According to results we can say that co-treatment of vitamin C and vitamin E may be more effective than use of them alone.

David Sedmera - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • morphometric alterations steatosis fibrosis and active caspase 3 detection in carbamate Bendiocarb treated rabbit liver
    Environmental Toxicology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, Lenka Luptakova, David Mazensky, Halina Purzyc, Norbert Torma, Igor Sopoliga, David Sedmera
    Abstract:

    Increasing use of pesticides all over the world makes it necessary to reveal the toxic risk in populations of nontargeted organisms. Bendiocarb is one of the 12 insecticides recommended by the World Health Organization for use in malaria control in Africa, and is used against a variety of insects. The liver has an important role in its process of detoxication and excretion. In our experiment 56 adult rabbits of breed HY+, 28 males and 28 females were used. Animals were divided into groups (control, days 10, 20, 30 of Bendiocarb administration). The presence of many binucleated hepatocytes, the highest number of liver cells and their decreased size at 10 day after Bendiocarb administration was observed as an evidence of the hepatic regeneration. After the long-term treatment pronounced changes were presented such as vacuolization and dilatation of hepatocytes, dilatation of sinusoids between hepatocytes, and focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Numerous cells with caspase-3 activity were present throughout the organ, most commonly around the portal tract and close to the central vein. Short and long-term Bendiocarb treatment showed the central vein thickened rim with increased deposition of collagen, spreading of collagen fibers into the perisinusoidal, and pericellular space surrounding the central veins, and septal fibrosis extended from the portal tract. Subsequently, presence of the lipid vacuoles both in the liver parenchyma and inner of the hepatocytes were observed. These results suggest that Bendiocarb treatment leads to increased cell death, liver perisinusoidal fibrosis, and steatosis, especially during the long-term administration.

  • Morphometric alterations, steatosis, fibrosis and active caspase-3 detection in carbamate Bendiocarb treated rabbit liver.
    Environmental toxicology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, Lenka Luptakova, David Mazensky, Halina Purzyc, Norbert Torma, Igor Sopoliga, David Sedmera
    Abstract:

    Increasing use of pesticides all over the world makes it necessary to reveal the toxic risk in populations of nontargeted organisms. Bendiocarb is one of the 12 insecticides recommended by the World Health Organization for use in malaria control in Africa, and is used against a variety of insects. The liver has an important role in its process of detoxication and excretion. In our experiment 56 adult rabbits of breed HY+, 28 males and 28 females were used. Animals were divided into groups (control, days 10, 20, 30 of Bendiocarb administration). The presence of many binucleated hepatocytes, the highest number of liver cells and their decreased size at 10 day after Bendiocarb administration was observed as an evidence of the hepatic regeneration. After the long-term treatment pronounced changes were presented such as vacuolization and dilatation of hepatocytes, dilatation of sinusoids between hepatocytes, and focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Numerous cells with caspase-3 activity were present throughout the organ, most commonly around the portal tract and close to the central vein. Short and long-term Bendiocarb treatment showed the central vein thickened rim with increased deposition of collagen, spreading of collagen fibers into the perisinusoidal, and pericellular space surrounding the central veins, and septal fibrosis extended from the portal tract. Subsequently, presence of the lipid vacuoles both in the liver parenchyma and inner of the hepatocytes were observed. These results suggest that Bendiocarb treatment leads to increased cell death, liver perisinusoidal fibrosis, and steatosis, especially during the long-term administration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 212–222, 2015.

  • Chick development and high dose of Bendiocarb
    Journal of environmental science and health. Part A Toxic hazardous substances & environmental engineering, 2012
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, David Sedmera, Lenka Luptakova, David Mazensky, Jan Danko
    Abstract:

    Developmental data of carbamate pesticides are scarce although they generally possess low toxicity for vertebrates. The aim of the study was to investigate the toxicity of Bendiocarb to liver and central nervous system of chick embryos. Bendiocarb (1600 μg/egg) was administered to the embryo through membrana papyracea on embryonic day 3 and 10. In the liver and central nervous system we observed no macroscopic or microscopic changes. These organs were also investigated for caspase activity in regard to application of Bendiocarb and no differences in the caspase immunopositivity were observed in comparison with the control. The embryolethality after Bendiocarb respective dose was high (94 %) on the embryonic day 3, though following results indicated no toxicity to investigated organs and no increase in the number of apoptotic cells in survived chick embryos on both the early (day 3 of incubation) and the later (day 10 of incubation) developmental stage.

  • Bendiocarb effect on liver and central nervous system in the chick embryo.
    Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B Pesticides food contaminants and agricultural wastes, 2009
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, David Sedmera, Frantisek Lesnik, Lenka Luptakova
    Abstract:

    The aim of the study was to investigate toxicity of Bendiocarb (2, 3-isopropyledene-dioxyphenyl methylcarbamate) to organs of chicken embryo. The toxic action of Bendiocarb was observed on liver and central nervous system (CNS). Bendiocarb was administered to chicken embryos at embryonic day (ED) 3 in a dose 500 µg/egg and 10 ED (800 µg/egg). The observations showed no macroscopic or microscopic changes in the liver and CNS with either dose or day of incubation when the Bendiocarb was administered. The liver and CNS were also investigated for caspase activity in relation to application of Bendiocarb and no differences in the number of cells with caspase immunopositivity were observed in comparison with the control. The results obtained indicate that Bendiocarb administered in the respective doses showed no toxicity to investigated organs. Furthermore, both at the early (3 ED) and the later (10 ED) stages of development no increase in numbers of apoptotic cells in chicken embryos was observed.

Martin Akogbeto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The residual life of Bendiocarb on different substrates under laboratory and field conditions in Benin, Western Africa.
    BMC research notes, 2013
    Co-Authors: Armel Djènontin, Odile Aïmihouè, Michel Sezonlin, Georgia Damien, Razaki Ossè, Bhonna Soukou, Gil Germain Padonou, Fabrice Chandre, Martin Akogbeto
    Abstract:

    Background: The efficacy of Bendiocarb against pyrethroid resistant An. gambiae and the residual life of this insecticide on different substrates were evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Methods: Bioassays according to the WHO (World Health Organization) standard protocol were carried out on different substrates impregnated with Bendiocarb. Data were analyzed using a binomial regression model with R software. Results: A good efficacy of the Bendiocarb against pyrethroid resistant An. gambiae and a high variation of its residual life according to the surfaces treated was observed. The probability that a female mosquito died after exposure to a treated substrate was below 80% after 13 weeks for the teak wood; 7 weeks for the wall made with a mixture of sand and cement and 6 weeks for walls made with red clay and those made with a mixture of the red clay and cement. Conclusions: Considering the residual life of Bendiocarb on walls made with red clay, the main substrates treated during IRS campaigns in rural areas in Benin, more than 2 treatments rounds per year would be necessary to achieve a long term efficacy of IRS using Bendiocarb in these areas. Financial and logistical resources required to achieve such levels of coverage need more political will from leaders of African endemic countries. While waiting for innovative malaria control tool, alternative insecticides or combinations of insecticides have to be used for insecticide resistance management in Benin.

  • dramatic decrease in malaria transmission after large scale indoor residual spraying with Bendiocarb in benin an area of high resistance of anopheles gambiae to pyrethroids
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2011
    Co-Authors: Martin Akogbeto, Gil Germain Padonou, Honore S Bankole, Dorothee Kinde Gazard, Ghelus Gbedjissi
    Abstract:

    In 2008, the National Malaria Control Program in Benin implemented a vector control intervention based on indoor residual spraying (IRS). Four districts of high resistance of Anopheles gambiae to pyrethroids were sprayed with Bendiocarb. More than 350,000 inhabitants have been protected. Entomologic parameters in the control area were compared with those in intervention sites. The study has shown a drastic decrease in the An. gambiae biting rate in the sprayed areas. Results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were negative for Plasmodium falciparum antigen during the entire period of the intervention. No household members received infected bites (entomologic inoculation rate = 0 during January-July). Parous rates were low in areas covered by IRS because Bendiocarb is not conducive to long-term mosquito survival. Bendiocarb was found to be a good alternative insecticide for IRS in Benin, in areas where An. gambiae has developed high resistance to pyrethroids.

  • Bendiocarb a potential alternative against pyrethroid resistant anopheles gambiae in benin west africa
    Malaria Journal, 2010
    Co-Authors: Martin Akogbeto, Gil Germain Padonou, Dina Gbenou, Seth R Irish, Anges Yadouleton
    Abstract:

    Anopheles gambiae, the main malaria vector in Benin has developed high level of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which is a serious concern to the future use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLIN) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). In this context, one of the pathways available for malaria vector control would be to investigate alternative classes of insecticides with different mode of action than that of pyrethroids. The goal of this study was to evaluate under field conditions the efficacy of a carbamate (Bendiocarb) and an organophosphate (fenitrothion) against pyrethroid-resistant An. gambiae s.s. Wild populations and females from laboratory colonies of five days old An. gambiae were bio-assayed during this study. Two pyrethroids (deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin), an organophosphate (fenitrothion), a carbamate (Bendiocarb) and a mixture of an organophosphate (chlorpyriphos + a pyrethroid deltamethrin) were compared in experimental huts as IRS treatments. Insecticides were applied in the huts using a hand-operated compression sprayer. The deterrency, exophily, blood feeding rate and mortality induced by these insecticides against An. gambiae were compared to the untreated control huts. Deltamethrin, alphacypermethrin and Bendiocarb treatment significantly reduced mosquito entry into the huts (p < 0.05) compared to untreated huts. Blood feeding rates in huts treated with fenitrothion and the mixture chlorpyriphos/deltamethrin were reduced from 10.95% respectively to 3.7% and 4.47% three months after treatment and from 10.20% to 4.4% and 2.04% four months after treatment. Exophily rates in huts with deltamethrin, alphacypermethrin and the mixture chlorpyriphos/deltamethrin were significantly higher than in the huts with fenitrothion. Deltamethrin and alphacypermethrin had the lowest mortality rate while fenitrothion killed 100% of An. gambiae (in the first month) and 77.8% (in the fourth month). Bendiocarb and the mixture chlorpyriphos/deltamethrin mortality rates ranged from 97.9 to 100% the first month and 77.7-88% the third month respectively. After four months, fenitrothion, Bendiocarb and the mixture chlorpyriphos/deltamethrin performed effectively against pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles. These results showed that Bendiocarb could be recommended as an effective insecticide for use in IRS operations in Benin, particularly as the mixture chlorpyriphos/deltamethrin does not have WHOPES authorization and complaints were mentioned by the sleepers about the safety and smell of fenitrothion.

Lenka Luptakova - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • morphometric alterations steatosis fibrosis and active caspase 3 detection in carbamate Bendiocarb treated rabbit liver
    Environmental Toxicology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, Lenka Luptakova, David Mazensky, Halina Purzyc, Norbert Torma, Igor Sopoliga, David Sedmera
    Abstract:

    Increasing use of pesticides all over the world makes it necessary to reveal the toxic risk in populations of nontargeted organisms. Bendiocarb is one of the 12 insecticides recommended by the World Health Organization for use in malaria control in Africa, and is used against a variety of insects. The liver has an important role in its process of detoxication and excretion. In our experiment 56 adult rabbits of breed HY+, 28 males and 28 females were used. Animals were divided into groups (control, days 10, 20, 30 of Bendiocarb administration). The presence of many binucleated hepatocytes, the highest number of liver cells and their decreased size at 10 day after Bendiocarb administration was observed as an evidence of the hepatic regeneration. After the long-term treatment pronounced changes were presented such as vacuolization and dilatation of hepatocytes, dilatation of sinusoids between hepatocytes, and focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Numerous cells with caspase-3 activity were present throughout the organ, most commonly around the portal tract and close to the central vein. Short and long-term Bendiocarb treatment showed the central vein thickened rim with increased deposition of collagen, spreading of collagen fibers into the perisinusoidal, and pericellular space surrounding the central veins, and septal fibrosis extended from the portal tract. Subsequently, presence of the lipid vacuoles both in the liver parenchyma and inner of the hepatocytes were observed. These results suggest that Bendiocarb treatment leads to increased cell death, liver perisinusoidal fibrosis, and steatosis, especially during the long-term administration.

  • Morphometric alterations, steatosis, fibrosis and active caspase-3 detection in carbamate Bendiocarb treated rabbit liver.
    Environmental toxicology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, Lenka Luptakova, David Mazensky, Halina Purzyc, Norbert Torma, Igor Sopoliga, David Sedmera
    Abstract:

    Increasing use of pesticides all over the world makes it necessary to reveal the toxic risk in populations of nontargeted organisms. Bendiocarb is one of the 12 insecticides recommended by the World Health Organization for use in malaria control in Africa, and is used against a variety of insects. The liver has an important role in its process of detoxication and excretion. In our experiment 56 adult rabbits of breed HY+, 28 males and 28 females were used. Animals were divided into groups (control, days 10, 20, 30 of Bendiocarb administration). The presence of many binucleated hepatocytes, the highest number of liver cells and their decreased size at 10 day after Bendiocarb administration was observed as an evidence of the hepatic regeneration. After the long-term treatment pronounced changes were presented such as vacuolization and dilatation of hepatocytes, dilatation of sinusoids between hepatocytes, and focal infiltration of inflammatory cells. Numerous cells with caspase-3 activity were present throughout the organ, most commonly around the portal tract and close to the central vein. Short and long-term Bendiocarb treatment showed the central vein thickened rim with increased deposition of collagen, spreading of collagen fibers into the perisinusoidal, and pericellular space surrounding the central veins, and septal fibrosis extended from the portal tract. Subsequently, presence of the lipid vacuoles both in the liver parenchyma and inner of the hepatocytes were observed. These results suggest that Bendiocarb treatment leads to increased cell death, liver perisinusoidal fibrosis, and steatosis, especially during the long-term administration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 212–222, 2015.

  • Chick development and high dose of Bendiocarb
    Journal of environmental science and health. Part A Toxic hazardous substances & environmental engineering, 2012
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, David Sedmera, Lenka Luptakova, David Mazensky, Jan Danko
    Abstract:

    Developmental data of carbamate pesticides are scarce although they generally possess low toxicity for vertebrates. The aim of the study was to investigate the toxicity of Bendiocarb to liver and central nervous system of chick embryos. Bendiocarb (1600 μg/egg) was administered to the embryo through membrana papyracea on embryonic day 3 and 10. In the liver and central nervous system we observed no macroscopic or microscopic changes. These organs were also investigated for caspase activity in regard to application of Bendiocarb and no differences in the caspase immunopositivity were observed in comparison with the control. The embryolethality after Bendiocarb respective dose was high (94 %) on the embryonic day 3, though following results indicated no toxicity to investigated organs and no increase in the number of apoptotic cells in survived chick embryos on both the early (day 3 of incubation) and the later (day 10 of incubation) developmental stage.

  • ALTERATIONS IN THE RABBIT LYMPHOID TISSUES AND SELECTED PARAMETERS OF HOMEOSTASIS AFTER Bendiocarb ADMINISTRATION
    2011
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, Katarína Holovská, Lenka Luptakova, Jan Danko, Katarina Vdoviakova, David Mazensky, Eliska Spalekova, Marcela Capcarová, Peter Massányi
    Abstract:

    The carbamate compounds are a class of cholinesterase inhibiting pesticides, and Bendiocarb is the most widely used carbamate insecticide used to control disease vectors (mosquitoes, flies, household and agricultural pests). In this study histological structure of rabbit lymphoid tissue and selected parameters of homeostasis after Bendiocarb administration were studied. Bendiocarb was perorally administered for 60 days (D60). The structure of intestinal wall of experimental animals revealed any significant changes. In the small intestine a slight increase in the height of enterocytes and diameter of crypts was detected indicating increased cellular activity. More detailed analysis of Peyer’s patches in experimental groups after administration of Bendiocarb revealed a relative decrease in areas rich in lymphocytes. Observations of the lymph node showed that on D10 and D20 there was a significant increase in relative volume of medulla at the expense of the relative volume of the cortex and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. However, we recorded an increase in diameter of lymphocytes. Bendiocarb addition caused imbalance in internal milieu of rabbits. Main changes were observed in serum creatinine content and activity of serum enzymes (creatinine and GGT on D30, AST on D10 and D30, and GLUD on D10) describing possible failure of liver and/or kidney caused by Bendiocarb. Decrease of some hematological parameters (hematocrit, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelet count) in all experimental groups suggests possible significant defection in haemoplastic system.

  • effect of Bendiocarb on development of the chick embryo
    Journal of Applied Toxicology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Eva Petrovova, Lenka Luptakova, Peter Massányi, Katarina Vdoviakova, David Mazensky, Peter Smrco
    Abstract:

    Agrochemicals, including pesticides, are being used in increasing amounts in agriculture and are therefore potential environmental contaminants which may affect a variety of biological systems. The pesticide residues directly affect the embryos, disturbing their normal development and causing pathophysiological and morphological changes. We have observed embryotoxicity of cholinesterase inhibitor Bendiocarb in the chick embryo. The pesticide dissolved in 10% acetone in water for injection was applied in a volume of 200 μl over the embryo through membrana papyracea at embryonic days (ED) 2, 3, 4, 5 and 10. The toxicity of Bendiocarb was rather low, and lethal dose (LD50) decreased with advancing development from 0.97 mg per egg at ED 2 to 28.6 mg on ED 5. The malformations in surviving embryos were observed rarely (<2%) and occurred in both control and experimental groups. In the treatment at ED 5 and 10 there was a statistically significant reduction in body weight, but the maximum difference from controls was below 14%. In treated chick embryos on ED 3 and 4 was observed a small but not significant increase in number of dead cells using supravital staining. We conclude that Bendiocarb possesses no significant toxicity in the avian embryo. Our analysis of Bendiocarb embryotoxic potential in the chick embryo supports the earlier observations in other animal models, testifying to the relative safety of Bendiocarb for the embryo or fetus. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.