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Lüder Deecke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cortical Control Mechanisms in Volitional Swallowing: The Bereitschaftspotential
Brain Topography, 2003Co-Authors: Maggie-lee Huckabee, Herbert J. Gould, Michael P. Cannito, Lüder Deecke, Wilfred MayrAbstract:Objective: This research sought to identify a well-defined pre-motor potential, the Bereitschaftspotential (BP), as a manifestation of cortical contribution to the pre-motor planning of volitional swallowing. Methods: EEG data were collected from 20 research participants during volitional execution of swallowing and finger movement tasks. A 5 second pre-movement epoch for each task was triggered on EMG identification of movement onset. A grand average for each task representing approximately 2400 trials across all research participants was derived to compare and contrast morphological features of the derived waveform. Results: Volitional pharyngeal swallowing and finger movement generated similar waveform characteristics of duration and slope; however, statistically significant differences were identified in polarity and in amplitude at four points both early and late in the epoch. Additionally, swallowing produced a pre-motor waveform with a rapid declination of EEG activity in the final 500 msec prior to movement onset. Conclusions: This study demonstrates activation of the supplementary motor cortex preceding the onset of volitional swallowing. However, unlike purely voluntary movements, the volitional pharyngeal swallowing task, as assessed with this methodology, does not appear to recruit the primary motor cortex. Thus engagement of the swallowing response appears to rely on indirect parallel pathways between extrapyramidal cortical motor planning regions and lower motor neurons.
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Human Freedom, Reasoned Will, and the Brain: The Bereitschaftspotential Story
The Bereitschaftspotential, 2003Co-Authors: Lüder Deecke, Hans H. KornhuberAbstract:The Bereitschaftspotential story began when on a sunny Saturday in the spring of 1964 Hans Helmut Kornhuber (then Dozent and chief physician at the Department of Neurology, head, Professor Richard Jung, University Hospital, Freiburg/Breisgau) and Luder Deecke (his doctoral student) went for lunch to the ‘Gasthaus zum Schwanen’ at the foot of the Schlosberg hill. Sitting alone in the beautiful garden they discussed their frustration with research on the brain as a passive system prevailing worldwide and their desire to investigate self-initiated action (Kornhuber & Deecke, 1990).
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supplementary motor area activation preceding voluntary movement is detectable with a whole scalp magnetoencephalography system
NeuroImage, 2000Co-Authors: Marcus Erdler, Vinod Edward, Christian Windischberger, Gerald Lindinger, Thomas Kaindl, Roland Beisteiner, D Mayer, Lüder DeeckeAbstract:Abstract Despite the fact that the knowledge about the structure and the function of the supplementary motor area (SMA) is steadily increasing, the role of the SMA in the human brain, e.g., the contribution of the SMA to the Bereitschaftspotential, still remains unclear and controversial. The goal of this study was to contribute further to this discussion by taking advantage of the increased spatial information of a whole-scalp magnetoencephalography (MEG) system enabling us to record the magnetic equivalent of the Bereitschaftspotential 1, the Bereitschaftsfeld 1 (BF 1) or readiness field 1. Five subjects performed a complex, and one subject a simple, finger-tapping task. It was possible to record the BF 1 for all subjects. The first appearance of the BF 1 was in the range of −1.9 to −1.7 s prior to movement onset, except for the subject performing the simple task (−1 s). Analysis of the development of the magnetic field distribution and the channel waveforms showed the beginning of the Bereitschaftsfeld 2 (BF 2) or readiness field 2 at about −0.5 s prior to movement onset. In the time range of BF 1, dipole source analysis localized the source in the SMA only, whereas dipole source analysis containing also the time range of BF 2 resulted in dipole models, including dipoles in the primary motor area. In summary, with a whole-head MEG system, it was possible for the first time to detect SMA activity in healthy subjects with MEG.
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High Resolution DC EEG of the Bereitschaftspotential Preceding Anatomically Congruent Versus Spatially Congruent Bimanual Finger Movements
Brain topography, 1999Co-Authors: Rong-qing Cui, Lüder DeeckeAbstract:The purpose of the present study was to observe how the supplementary, cingulate and primary motor areas (SCMA, MI) participate in the spatiotemporal coordination of bimanual index finger movement and what role the SCMA plays. The Bereitschaftspotential (BP) was recorded using 64 channel direct current EEG (DC-EEG) to compare the anatomically congruent movements (abduction, adduction) with spatially congruent movements (both fingers to the right or left) in 16 normal volunteers. Subjects were required to move their two index fingers simultaneously in the horizontal plane (1) away from the midline (abduction), (2) toward the midline (adduction), (3) both index fingers to the right or (4) both fingers to the left. The results showed that there were significant differences (p
Hiroshi Shibasaki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review Cortical Activities Associated with Voluntary Movements and Involuntary Movements
2016Co-Authors: Hiroshi ShibasakiAbstract:Bereitschaftspotential; jerk-locked back averaging; neuroimaging; negative motor phenomena; motor imagery Based on Tokizane Lecture presented in a joint session of the 29t
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What is the Bereitschaftspotential
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2006Co-Authors: Hiroshi Shibasaki, Mark HallettAbstract:Since discovery of the slow negative electroencephalographic (EEG) activity preceding self-initiated movement by Kornhuber and Deecke [Kornhuber HH, Deecke L. Hirnpotentialanderungen bei Willkurbewegungen und passiven Bewegungen des Menschen: Bereitschaftspotential und reafferente Potentiale. Pflugers Archiv 1965;284:1-17], various source localization techniques in normal subjects and epicortical recording in epilepsy patients have disclosed the generator mechanisms of each identifiable component of movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) to some extent. The initial slow segment of BP, called 'early BP' in this article, begins about 2 s before the movement onset in the pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA) with no site-specificity and in the SMA proper according to the somatotopic organization, and shortly thereafter in the lateral premotor cortex bilaterally with relatively clear somatotopy. About 400 ms before the movement onset, the steeper negative slope, called 'late BP' in this article (also referred to as NS'), occurs in the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) and lateral premotor cortex with precise somatotopy. These two phases of BP are differentially influenced by various factors, especially by complexity of the movement which enhances only the late BP. Event-related desynchronization (ERD) of beta frequency EEG band before self-initiated movements shows a different temporospatial pattern from that of the BP, suggesting different neuronal mechanisms for the two. BP has been applied for investigating pathophysiology of various movement disorders. Volitional motor inhibition or muscle relaxation is preceded by BP quite similar to that preceding voluntary muscle contraction. Since BP of typical waveforms and temporospatial pattern does not occur before organic involuntary movements, BP is used for detecting the participation of the 'voluntary motor system' in the generation of apparently involuntary movements in patients with psychogenic movement disorders. In view of Libet et al.'s report [Libet B, Gleason CA, Wright EW, Pearl DK. Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness-potential). The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act. Brain 1983;106:623-642] that the awareness of intention to move occurred much later than the onset of BP, the early BP might reflect, physiologically, slowly increasing cortical excitability and, behaviorally, subconscious readiness for the forthcoming movement. Whether the late BP reflects conscious preparation for intended movement or not remains to be clarified.
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Subdural recording of Bereitschaftspotential is useful for functional mapping of the epileptogenic motor area: a case report.
Epilepsia, 1997Co-Authors: Shogo Yazawa, Kiyohito Terada, Akio Ikeda, Jun Kimura, Tatsuya Mima, Nobuhiro Mikuni, Takeharu Kunieda, Waro Taki, Hiroshi ShibasakiAbstract:A 26-year-old man with intractable focal motor seizure beginning with tonic contraction of the left orbicularis oculi muscle had prolonged EEG monitoring with subdural grid electrodes placed over the right perirolandic cortex. Electrical stimulation of the cortex with implanted subdural electrodes showed a relatively low threshold for afterdischarges (ADs) but could not disclose the motor area for the left upper face where or near where the epileptogenic area was expected to be present. Bereitschaftspotential recorded from the subdural electrodes in association with self-paced voluntary blink (eyelid closing) disclosed the motor area specifically related to voluntary movements of the left upper face, which was most likely buried in the sulcus. This observation suggests that recording of Bereitschaftspotential from subdural electrodes is useful for mapping the motor cortex, especially in patients with focal motor seizure with low threshold for ADs to electric stimuli.
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Presence of Bereitschaftspotential preceding psychogenic myoclonus: clinical application of jerk-locked back averaging.
Journal of neurology neurosurgery and psychiatry, 1995Co-Authors: Kiyohito Terada, Akio Ikeda, P C Van Ness, Takashi Nagamine, Ryuji Kaji, Jun Kimura, Hiroshi ShibasakiAbstract:The method of jerk-locked back averaging was applied to six patients with clinically diagnosed psychogenic myoclonus. Five patients had a slow negative EEG shift corresponding to Bereitschaftspotential at the central region starting 0.7 to 2.1 seconds before the onset of the myoclonic jerk. One patient had no potential preceding the myoclonic jerk, whereas a small negative potential preceded the voluntary movement mimicking the jerk. The demonstration of Bereitschaftspotential before an apparently involuntary myoclonic jerk helps the clinical diagnosis of psychogenic myoclonus, although the absence of Bereitschaftspotential does not necessarily indicate that the movement is involuntary. Jerk-locked back averaging is clinically useful as a specific laboratory examination in this condition.
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Dissociation between contingent negative variation and Bereitschaftspotential in a patient with cerebellar efferent lesion.
Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1994Co-Authors: Akio Ikeda, Hiroshi Shibasaki, Kiyohito Terada, Takashi Nagamine, Ryuji Kaji, Hidenao Fukuyama, Jun KimuraAbstract:Contingent negative variation (CNV) and Bereitschaftspotential (BP) were from the scalp in a patient with a discrete infarct in the mesial tegmentum of the midbrain involving the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle. Bereitschaftspotential in association with hand movements was completely absent while CNV was normally present at the frontocentral midline. This indicates that CNV is, as opposed to BP, generated without cerebro-cerebellar interactivation, suggesting different generating mechanisms.
L. Deecke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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experimente zum thema handlungsbereitschaft 50 jahre Bereitschaftspotential
Klinische Neurophysiologie, 2015Co-Authors: L. DeeckeAbstract:Mein Mentor H. H. Kornhuber (1928–2009) und ich haben 1964 in Freiburg i. Br. Hirnpotentiale gefunden, die Willenshandlungen vorausgehen: Bereitschaftspotential (BP), weltweit so genannt (ein deutsches Wort in der englischen Sprache). Das BP war kein Zufallsbefund; wir haben gezielt nach Zeichen selbst-aktiver Intention und Willen gesucht. Der Arbeitsplatz des BPs auch mit Fotos, sowie der wissenschaftliche Hintergrund der BP-Entdeckung werden beschrieben. Die BP-Publikation (1965) wurde ein ‚Citation Classic‘ , von denen noch 3 weitere erschienen. Klinische Anwendung: BP beim Parkinson. Das BP-Analogon im MEG (Magnetoenzephalogramm) Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld wurde gefunden. Die Libet-Versuche werden kritisch diskutiert. Visuelle Trackingbewegungen von Lang et al. zeigten, dass die SMA (supplementare motorische Area) die Bewegung startet aber nicht ausfuhrt, sie delegiert dies an den ‚Experten‘ optischer Cortex. Cunnington et al. leiteten im fMRT den Bereitschafts-BOLD-Effekt ab , die Kurve sieht aus wie das BP. Kornhuber und ich fanden, dass auch die CMA (cingulare motorische Area) vor Handlungen aktiv ist. Cunnington hat dazu Neues.
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Ciba Foundation Symposium 132 - Motor Areas of the Cerebral Cortex - Bereitschaftspotential as an indicator of movement preparation in supplementary motor area and motor cortex.
Ciba Foundation symposium, 2007Co-Authors: L. DeeckeAbstract:Topographical studies in humans of the Bereitschaftspotential (BP, or readiness potential, as averaged from the electroencephalogram) and the Bereitschaftsmagnetfeld (BM, or readiness magnetic field, as averaged from the magnetoencephalogram) revealed a widespread distribution of motor preparation over both hemispheres even before unilateral movement. This indicates the existence of several generators responsible for the BP, including generators in the ipsilateral hemisphere, which is in agreement with measurements of regional cerebral blood flow or regional cerebral energy metabolism. Nevertheless, two principal generators seem to prevail: (1) An early generator, starting its activity 1s or more before the motor act, with its maximum at the vertex. For this and other reasons, early BP generation probably stems from cortical tissue representing or including the supplementary motor area (SMA). (2) A later generator, starting its activity about 0.5s before the onset of movement and biased towards the contralateral hemisphere (contralateral preponderance of negativity, CPN). For unilateral finger movements the CPN succeeds the BP's initial bilateral symmetry in the later preparation period. Thus, this lateralized BP component probably stems from the primary motor area, MI (area 4, hand representation). While regional cerebral blood flow or regional cerebral energy metabolism show that the SMA is active in conjunction with motor acts, these data do not permit the conclusion that SMA activity precedes motor acts. This can only be shown by the Bereitschaftspotential, which proves that SMA activity occurs before the onset of movement and, what is more, before the onset of MI activity. This important order of events (first SMA, then MI activation) has been elucidated by our BP studies. It gives the SMA an important functional role: the initiation of voluntary movement. The recording of movement-related potentials associated with manual hand-tracking and motor learning points to the SMA and frontal cortex having an important role in these functions.
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the Bereitschaftspotential as an electrophysiological tool for studying the cortical organization of human voluntary action
Supplements to Clinical neurophysiology, 2000Co-Authors: L. DeeckeAbstract:Publisher Summary The Bereitschaftspotential (BP), also called readiness potential (RP), is a measure of activity of the brain that lets the voluntary muscle movement happen. The BP has two components—the early component is called BP1 and the late component BP2. BPI is generated predominantly by the fronto-mesial cortex including the supplementary (SMA) and the cingulate (CMA) motor areas, which can be subsumed under mesial wall motor areas. These belong to the brain areas supplying to movement. Bereitschaftspotential can be recorded using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Then it is called “Bereitschaftsfeld” (BF) or “readiness field” (RF). Both SMA generators are active even in the case of unilateral movement. The SMA I CMA system is needed for simple movements and to prepare for the voluntary, endogenous movement. Current source density (CSD) analysis is a method that allows evaluation of the topography of current sources and sinks on the scalp. CSD is proportional to the sum of partial second derivatives of the potential field and to the current entering and exiting the scalp..
P. Grosse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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THE Bereitschaftspotential. MOVEMENT‐RELATED CORTICAL POTENTIALS
Brain, 2004Co-Authors: P. GrosseAbstract:THE Bereitschaftspotential: MOVEMENT‐RELATED CORTICAL POTENTIALS Edited by Marjan Jahanshahi and Mark Hallett 2003. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Price £96 ISBN 0–306–47407–7 Back in 1964, two movement‐related cortical potentials, the so‐called Bereitschaftspotential (readiness potential) and the contingent negative variation were coincidentally described by two independent groups of investigators. Both of these evoked potentials reflect dynamic changes in motor cortical activity 1–1.5 s prior to movements, and thus mirror the preparation and/or anticipation of movement. But whereas the Bereitschaftspotential appears with self‐paced, ‘voluntary’ movements, the contingent negative variation is related to cued movements. Over the following years and decades, other EEG measures of premovement‐related processes, such as the event‐related desynchronization and lateralized readiness potential, have been identified. Thus, these two seminal reports almost 40 years ago doubtless stimulated an innovative new line of inquiry in human motor physiology. Jahanshahi and Hallet have undertaken the impressive task of assembling 16 state‐of‐the‐art chapters by experts in the neurophysiology of the process of preparation for movement. The result is the first comprehensive synthesis of the various aspects of this field. …
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the Bereitschaftspotential movement related cortical potentials
Brain, 2004Co-Authors: P. GrosseAbstract:THE Bereitschaftspotential: MOVEMENT‐RELATED CORTICAL POTENTIALS Edited by Marjan Jahanshahi and Mark Hallett 2003. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Price £96 ISBN 0–306–47407–7 Back in 1964, two movement‐related cortical potentials, the so‐called Bereitschaftspotential (readiness potential) and the contingent negative variation were coincidentally described by two independent groups of investigators. Both of these evoked potentials reflect dynamic changes in motor cortical activity 1–1.5 s prior to movements, and thus mirror the preparation and/or anticipation of movement. But whereas the Bereitschaftspotential appears with self‐paced, ‘voluntary’ movements, the contingent negative variation is related to cued movements. Over the following years and decades, other EEG measures of premovement‐related processes, such as the event‐related desynchronization and lateralized readiness potential, have been identified. Thus, these two seminal reports almost 40 years ago doubtless stimulated an innovative new line of inquiry in human motor physiology. Jahanshahi and Hallet have undertaken the impressive task of assembling 16 state‐of‐the‐art chapters by experts in the neurophysiology of the process of preparation for movement. The result is the first comprehensive synthesis of the various aspects of this field. …
D Kompf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Bereitschaftspotential bei m parkinson einflus der dopamin substituierenden medikation
1995Co-Authors: P. Vieregge, K Wessel, O. Thöne, Rolf Verleger, D KompfAbstract:Unter den pramotorischen Komponenten bewegungsbezogener Potentiale, die von der Schadeloberflache vor selbstinitiierten willkurlichen Hand- und Fingerbewegungen ableitbar sind, werden zwei Komponenten unterschieden (Tamas und Shibasaki 1985): Die fruhe (im folgenden NS1 genannt), das Bereitschaftspotential (BP), hat — mit allmahlicher Anstiegssteilheit — ihr Amplitudenmaximum in der Mittellinie und soll von bilateralen sensomotorischen Arealen und der supplementarmotorischen Area generiert werden. Die spate Komponente (NS2) findet sich, bei groserer Anstiegssteilheit, mit ihrem Amplitudenmaximum uber derjenigen Hemisphare, die kontralateral zu der sich bewegenden Extremitat liegt, und soll die Aktivitat dieses kontralateralen motorischen Kortex reflektieren (Deecke und Kornhuber 1978; Neshige et al. 1988).
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Bilaterale Pallidumläsionen — Korrelat im Bereitschaftspotential?
Topographische Diagnostik des Gehirns, 1995Co-Authors: P. Vieregge, R Verleger, O. Thöne, D KompfAbstract:Supplementar-motorische Area (SMA), pramotorischer und motorischer Kortex erhalten Zuflusse aus dem Globus pallidum internum (GPi) uber Thalamuskerne (VL, VA, CM). Die genannten Kortexabschnitte senden exzitatorische Impulse zum Putamen, das wiederum inhibitorisch auf das GPi wirkt (Alexander et al. 1986). SMA-Lasionen zeigen sich klinisch als Hypokinese, insbesondere bei selbstinitiierten Willkurbewegungen (Lang et al. 1990). Eine gestorte Funktion der SMA ist an einer Amplitudenreduktion der Komponente NS1 des Bereitschaftspotentials (BP) ablesbar (Lang et al. 1990, Feve et al. 1992). Tierexperimentell und klinisch ist bei bilateralen Pallidumlasionen ebenfalls eine Hypo- oder Akinese beobachtet worden (Percheron et al. 1990). Nachfolgend wird untersucht, ob sich derartige Pallidumlasionen, die klinisch im Gefolge einer Kohlenmonoxid-Intoxikation geringe Zeichen einer Hypokinese nach sich zogen (Vieregge et al. 1989), auch in einem veranderten BP abbilden.
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Bereitschaftspotential bei zerebellarer ataxie
1991Co-Authors: K Wessel, R Verleger, D Nazarenus, G P Huss, D KompfAbstract:Seit den Untersuchungen von Komhuber und Deecke (1965) ist bekannt, das willkurlichen Fingerbewegungen ein negatives EEG-Potential vorausgeht, das Bereitschaftspotential (BP). Das BP entsteht kortikal und entspricht wahrscheinlich elektrischer Aktivitat des motorischen und pramotorischen Kortex (2, 5). Bei Patienten mit motorischen Storungen erhebt sich die Frage, ob das BP pathologisch verandert ist. Zwei Moglichkeiten waren denkbar, einerseits ein reduziertes BP als direkte Folge der beschadigten motorischen Bahn, andererseits ein vergrosertes BP als Ausdruck eines Kompensationsversuches der Patienten. Es ist unklar, ob das BP bei Patienten mit M. Parkinson verandert ist (1,3), bei Patienten mit zerebellarer Atropine (CA) liegen diesbezuglich nur wenige Befunde vor, die meist ein normales BP, bei einzelnen Fallen einen fruheren Beginn des BP beschreiben (6). Die Unspezifitat dieser Befunde zum BP bei Patienten mit motorischen Storungen konnte dadurch bedingt sein, das die Situation, in der das BP gemessen wurde, jeweils unstrukturiert und unkontrolliert war, was individuell unterschiedliche motorische Strategien bedingen kann. Wir haben deshalb gut strukturierte und kontrollierte Untersuchungsbedingungen sowie motorische Paradigmen, die einen Bezug zu den motorischen Storungen der Patienten hatten, eingefuhrt.