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Andre Faaij - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cost benefit analysis of Biomass Energy supply options for rural smallholders in the semi arid eastern part of shinyanga region in tanzania
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: W T Wiskerke, V Dornburg, C D K Rubanza, R E Malimbwi, Andre FaaijAbstract:This study analyzes the economic feasibility of sustainable smallholder bio-Energy production under semi-arid conditions. The eastern part of Shinyanga region in Tanzania was chosen as a case study area. Three different sustainable Biomass Energy supply systems were compared by means of cost/benefit analysis: a small-scale forestation project for carbon sequestration, a short rotation woodlot and a Jatropha plantation, thereby using the produced Jatropha oil as a substitute for fuelwood or diesel. Rotational woodlots are most profitable with a Net Present Value of up to US$2007 1165/ha, a return on labour of up to US$2007 6.69/man-day and a fuelwood production cost of US$2007 0.53/GJ, compared to a local market price of US$2007 1.95/GJ. With a production cost of US$2007 19.60/GJ, Jatropha oil is too expensive to be used as an alternative for fuelwood. Instead it can be utilized economically as a diesel substitute, at an observed diesel cost of US$2007 1.49/l. The mean annual Biomass increment (MAI) in semi-arid East Shinyanga is too low to collect sufficient benefits from trading forestation carbon credits under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to cover the costs of forestation and forest management.
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cost benefit analysis of Biomass Energy supply options for rural smallholders in the semi arid eastern part of shinyanga region in tanzania
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: W T Wiskerke, V Dornburg, C D K Rubanza, R E Malimbwi, Andre FaaijAbstract:This study analyzes the economic feasibility of sustainable smallholder bio-Energy production under semi-arid conditions. The eastern part of Shinyanga region in Tanzania was chosen as a case study area. Three different sustainable Biomass Energy supply systems were compared by means of cost/benefit analysis: a small-scale forestation project for carbon sequestration, a short rotation woodlot and a Jatropha plantation, thereby using the produced Jatropha oil as a substitute for fuelwood or diesel. Rotational woodlots are most profitable with a Net Present Value Of UP to US$(2007) 11651ha, a return on labour of up to US$(2007) 6.69/man-day and a fuelwood production Cost Of US$(2007) 0,53/GJ, compared to a local market price of US$(2007) 1.95/GJ. With a production Cost Of US$(2007) 19.60/GJ. Jatropha oil is too expensive to be used as an alternative for fuelwood. Instead it can be utilized economically as a diesel substitute, at an observed diesel cost of US$(2007) 1.49/1. The mean annual Biomass increment (MAI) in semi-arid East Shinyanga is too low to collect sufficient benefits from trading forestation carbon credits under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to cover the costs of forestation and forest management. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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exploration of regional and global cost supply curves of Biomass Energy from short rotation crops at abandoned cropland and rest land under four ipcc sres land use scenarios
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2009Co-Authors: M Hoogwijk, Andre Faaij, B De Vries, W C TurkenburgAbstract:We explored the production cost of Energy crops at abandoned agricultural land and at rest land at a regional and a global level to the year 2050 using four different land-use scenarios. The estimations were based on grid cell data on the productivity of short-rotation crops on the available land over time and assumptions regarding the capital and the labour input required to reach these productivity levels. It was concluded that large amounts of grown Biomass at abandoned agricultural land and rest land, 130–270 EJ yr−1 (about 40–70% of the present Energy consumption) may be produced at costs below $2 GJ−1 by 2050 (present lower limit of cost of coal). Interesting regions because of their low production cost and significant potentials are the Former USSR, Oceania, Eastern and Western Africa and East Asia. Such low costs presume significant land productivity improvements over time and cost reductions due to learning and capital-labour substitution. An assessment of Biomass fuel cost, using the primary Biomass Energy costs, showed that the future costs of Biomass liquid fuels may be in the same order of the present diesel production costs, although this may change in the long term. Biomass-derived electricity costs are at present slightly higher than electricity baseload costs and may directly compete with estimated future production costs of fossil fuel electricity with CO2 sequestration. The present world electricity consumption of around 20 PWh yr−1 may be generated in 2050 at costs below $45 MWh−1 in A1 and B1 and below $55 MWh−1 in A2 and B2. At costs of $60 MWh−1, about 18 (A2) to 53 (A1) PWh yr−1 can be produced.
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efficiency and economy of wood fired Biomass Energy systems in relation to scale regarding heat and power generation using combustion and gasification technologies
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2001Co-Authors: V Dornburg, Andre FaaijAbstract:Policy objectives to increase Biomass’ contribution to the Energy supply in industrialised countries are quite ambitious, but Biomass resources are rather limited and expensive in many situations. Therefore, an optimal utilisation of resources producing a maximum of Energy at minimal costs is desirable. A wide variety of Biomass conversion options with different performance characteristics exists. Also, the economic and energetic performance depends on many variables, such as costs of logistics, scaling effects and degree of heat utilisation to name a few. Therefore, system analysis is needed to identify optimal systems. In this study, different Biomass Energy systems are analysed regarding their energetic and economic performance related to fossil primary Energy savings. The systems studied contain residual woody Biomass, logistics, heat distribution and combustion or gasification units producing heat, power or CHP. The performance of systems is expressed as a function of scale. This is done by applying generic functions to describe plants’ efficiencies and specific investment costs and by expressing costs and Energy use of logistic and heat distribution as a function of conversion unit capacities. Scale effects within Biomass Energy systems are significant. Up-scaling increases the relative primary Energy savings of the studied systems within the scale range of 0– regarded, while costs per unit of primary Energy savings decrease or have an optimum at medium scales. The relative primary Energy savings lay between 0.53 and . With costs of 4– systems are not profitable under Dutch conditions with residual wood prices of while firing waste wood with zero costs at the plant gate renders profitable operation possible. Favourable in both economic and Energy terms are BIG/CC plants.
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efficiency and economy of wood fired Biomass Energy systems in relation to scale regarding heat and power generation using combustion and gasification technologies
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2001Co-Authors: V Dornburg, Andre FaaijAbstract:Abstract Policy objectives to increase Biomass’ contribution to the Energy supply in industrialised countries are quite ambitious, but Biomass resources are rather limited and expensive in many situations. Therefore, an optimal utilisation of resources producing a maximum of Energy at minimal costs is desirable. A wide variety of Biomass conversion options with different performance characteristics exists. Also, the economic and energetic performance depends on many variables, such as costs of logistics, scaling effects and degree of heat utilisation to name a few. Therefore, system analysis is needed to identify optimal systems. In this study, different Biomass Energy systems are analysed regarding their energetic and economic performance related to fossil primary Energy savings. The systems studied contain residual woody Biomass, logistics, heat distribution and combustion or gasification units producing heat, power or CHP. The performance of systems is expressed as a function of scale. This is done by applying generic functions to describe plants’ efficiencies and specific investment costs and by expressing costs and Energy use of logistic and heat distribution as a function of conversion unit capacities. Scale effects within Biomass Energy systems are significant. Up-scaling increases the relative primary Energy savings of the studied systems within the scale range of 0– 300 MW th−input regarded, while costs per unit of primary Energy savings decrease or have an optimum at medium scales. The relative primary Energy savings lay between 0.53 and 1.13 GJ fossil−saved GJ Biomass −1 . With costs of 4– 20 GJ fossil−saved −1 systems are not profitable under Dutch conditions with residual wood prices of 3.8 GJ LHV −1 while firing waste wood with zero costs at the plant gate renders profitable operation possible. Favourable in both economic and Energy terms are BIG/CC plants.
Shu Geng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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marginal land based Biomass Energy production in china
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Ya Tang, Jiasui Xie, Shu GengAbstract:Fast economic development in China has resulted in a significant increase in Energy demand. Coal accounts for 70% of China's primary Energy consumption and its combustion has caused many environmental and health problems. Energy security and environmental protection requirements are the main drivers for renewable Energy development in China. Small farmland and food security make bioEnergy derived from corn or sugarcane unacceptable to China: the focus should be on generating bioEnergy from ligno-cellulosic feedstock sources. As China cannot afford Biomass Energy production from its croplands, marginal lands may play an important role in Biomass Energy production. Although on a small scale, marginal land has already been used for various purposes. It is estimated that some 45 million hm2 of marginal land could be brought into high potential Biomass Energy production. For the success of such an initiative, it will likely be necessary to develop multipurpose plants. A case study, carried out on marginal land in Ningnan County, Sichuan Province with per capita cropland of 0.07 ha, indicated that some 380 000 tons of dry Biomass could be produced each year from annual pruning of mulberry trees. This study supports the feasibility of producing large quantities of Biomass from marginal land sources.
V Dornburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cost benefit analysis of Biomass Energy supply options for rural smallholders in the semi arid eastern part of shinyanga region in tanzania
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: W T Wiskerke, V Dornburg, C D K Rubanza, R E Malimbwi, Andre FaaijAbstract:This study analyzes the economic feasibility of sustainable smallholder bio-Energy production under semi-arid conditions. The eastern part of Shinyanga region in Tanzania was chosen as a case study area. Three different sustainable Biomass Energy supply systems were compared by means of cost/benefit analysis: a small-scale forestation project for carbon sequestration, a short rotation woodlot and a Jatropha plantation, thereby using the produced Jatropha oil as a substitute for fuelwood or diesel. Rotational woodlots are most profitable with a Net Present Value of up to US$2007 1165/ha, a return on labour of up to US$2007 6.69/man-day and a fuelwood production cost of US$2007 0.53/GJ, compared to a local market price of US$2007 1.95/GJ. With a production cost of US$2007 19.60/GJ, Jatropha oil is too expensive to be used as an alternative for fuelwood. Instead it can be utilized economically as a diesel substitute, at an observed diesel cost of US$2007 1.49/l. The mean annual Biomass increment (MAI) in semi-arid East Shinyanga is too low to collect sufficient benefits from trading forestation carbon credits under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to cover the costs of forestation and forest management.
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cost benefit analysis of Biomass Energy supply options for rural smallholders in the semi arid eastern part of shinyanga region in tanzania
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: W T Wiskerke, V Dornburg, C D K Rubanza, R E Malimbwi, Andre FaaijAbstract:This study analyzes the economic feasibility of sustainable smallholder bio-Energy production under semi-arid conditions. The eastern part of Shinyanga region in Tanzania was chosen as a case study area. Three different sustainable Biomass Energy supply systems were compared by means of cost/benefit analysis: a small-scale forestation project for carbon sequestration, a short rotation woodlot and a Jatropha plantation, thereby using the produced Jatropha oil as a substitute for fuelwood or diesel. Rotational woodlots are most profitable with a Net Present Value Of UP to US$(2007) 11651ha, a return on labour of up to US$(2007) 6.69/man-day and a fuelwood production Cost Of US$(2007) 0,53/GJ, compared to a local market price of US$(2007) 1.95/GJ. With a production Cost Of US$(2007) 19.60/GJ. Jatropha oil is too expensive to be used as an alternative for fuelwood. Instead it can be utilized economically as a diesel substitute, at an observed diesel cost of US$(2007) 1.49/1. The mean annual Biomass increment (MAI) in semi-arid East Shinyanga is too low to collect sufficient benefits from trading forestation carbon credits under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to cover the costs of forestation and forest management. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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efficiency and economy of wood fired Biomass Energy systems in relation to scale regarding heat and power generation using combustion and gasification technologies
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2001Co-Authors: V Dornburg, Andre FaaijAbstract:Policy objectives to increase Biomass’ contribution to the Energy supply in industrialised countries are quite ambitious, but Biomass resources are rather limited and expensive in many situations. Therefore, an optimal utilisation of resources producing a maximum of Energy at minimal costs is desirable. A wide variety of Biomass conversion options with different performance characteristics exists. Also, the economic and energetic performance depends on many variables, such as costs of logistics, scaling effects and degree of heat utilisation to name a few. Therefore, system analysis is needed to identify optimal systems. In this study, different Biomass Energy systems are analysed regarding their energetic and economic performance related to fossil primary Energy savings. The systems studied contain residual woody Biomass, logistics, heat distribution and combustion or gasification units producing heat, power or CHP. The performance of systems is expressed as a function of scale. This is done by applying generic functions to describe plants’ efficiencies and specific investment costs and by expressing costs and Energy use of logistic and heat distribution as a function of conversion unit capacities. Scale effects within Biomass Energy systems are significant. Up-scaling increases the relative primary Energy savings of the studied systems within the scale range of 0– regarded, while costs per unit of primary Energy savings decrease or have an optimum at medium scales. The relative primary Energy savings lay between 0.53 and . With costs of 4– systems are not profitable under Dutch conditions with residual wood prices of while firing waste wood with zero costs at the plant gate renders profitable operation possible. Favourable in both economic and Energy terms are BIG/CC plants.
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efficiency and economy of wood fired Biomass Energy systems in relation to scale regarding heat and power generation using combustion and gasification technologies
Biomass & Bioenergy, 2001Co-Authors: V Dornburg, Andre FaaijAbstract:Abstract Policy objectives to increase Biomass’ contribution to the Energy supply in industrialised countries are quite ambitious, but Biomass resources are rather limited and expensive in many situations. Therefore, an optimal utilisation of resources producing a maximum of Energy at minimal costs is desirable. A wide variety of Biomass conversion options with different performance characteristics exists. Also, the economic and energetic performance depends on many variables, such as costs of logistics, scaling effects and degree of heat utilisation to name a few. Therefore, system analysis is needed to identify optimal systems. In this study, different Biomass Energy systems are analysed regarding their energetic and economic performance related to fossil primary Energy savings. The systems studied contain residual woody Biomass, logistics, heat distribution and combustion or gasification units producing heat, power or CHP. The performance of systems is expressed as a function of scale. This is done by applying generic functions to describe plants’ efficiencies and specific investment costs and by expressing costs and Energy use of logistic and heat distribution as a function of conversion unit capacities. Scale effects within Biomass Energy systems are significant. Up-scaling increases the relative primary Energy savings of the studied systems within the scale range of 0– 300 MW th−input regarded, while costs per unit of primary Energy savings decrease or have an optimum at medium scales. The relative primary Energy savings lay between 0.53 and 1.13 GJ fossil−saved GJ Biomass −1 . With costs of 4– 20 GJ fossil−saved −1 systems are not profitable under Dutch conditions with residual wood prices of 3.8 GJ LHV −1 while firing waste wood with zero costs at the plant gate renders profitable operation possible. Favourable in both economic and Energy terms are BIG/CC plants.
Ya Tang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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marginal land based Biomass Energy production in china
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Ya Tang, Jiasui Xie, Shu GengAbstract:Fast economic development in China has resulted in a significant increase in Energy demand. Coal accounts for 70% of China's primary Energy consumption and its combustion has caused many environmental and health problems. Energy security and environmental protection requirements are the main drivers for renewable Energy development in China. Small farmland and food security make bioEnergy derived from corn or sugarcane unacceptable to China: the focus should be on generating bioEnergy from ligno-cellulosic feedstock sources. As China cannot afford Biomass Energy production from its croplands, marginal lands may play an important role in Biomass Energy production. Although on a small scale, marginal land has already been used for various purposes. It is estimated that some 45 million hm2 of marginal land could be brought into high potential Biomass Energy production. For the success of such an initiative, it will likely be necessary to develop multipurpose plants. A case study, carried out on marginal land in Ningnan County, Sichuan Province with per capita cropland of 0.07 ha, indicated that some 380 000 tons of dry Biomass could be produced each year from annual pruning of mulberry trees. This study supports the feasibility of producing large quantities of Biomass from marginal land sources.
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The role of marginal agricultural land-based mulberry planting in Biomass Energy production
Renewable Energy, 2009Co-Authors: Ya Tang, Jiasui Xie, Yuan-liang YuanAbstract:Abstract Biomass Energy is the main Energy source in rural China. The low per capita cropland in China makes it impractical to convert cropland to Energy crop cultivation as in other countries; development of Energy crops must not compete with food and other cash crops for prime cropland. Mulberry planted on marginal lands like land risers, land boundaries and waste slopelands in Ningnan County of China's southwestern Sichuan Province not only yielded enough leaf Biomass to support a production of over 6000 t of cocoons in 2005, but also produced large amounts of woody Biomass through annual pruning. Mulberry planted on marginal lands would not be replaced by food or other cash crops if cocoon prices drop. The average annual dry matter Biomass of pruned mulberry branches is 1.7 kg/plant, or approximately 17.0–22.5 t/ha, which is high compared to the annual Biomass growth of many fast growing trees and perennial herbaceous Energy crops. Mulberry prunings exceed household needs for fuelwood because household Energy requirements are met with multiple sources. Income from cocoons is the major driving force for the expansion of mulberry planting on marginal land, as lack of incentives has accounted for slow development of firewood in China. Large scale development of marginal land-based planting of mulberry can also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, conserve forests and promote biodiversity.
W T Wiskerke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cost benefit analysis of Biomass Energy supply options for rural smallholders in the semi arid eastern part of shinyanga region in tanzania
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: W T Wiskerke, V Dornburg, C D K Rubanza, R E Malimbwi, Andre FaaijAbstract:This study analyzes the economic feasibility of sustainable smallholder bio-Energy production under semi-arid conditions. The eastern part of Shinyanga region in Tanzania was chosen as a case study area. Three different sustainable Biomass Energy supply systems were compared by means of cost/benefit analysis: a small-scale forestation project for carbon sequestration, a short rotation woodlot and a Jatropha plantation, thereby using the produced Jatropha oil as a substitute for fuelwood or diesel. Rotational woodlots are most profitable with a Net Present Value of up to US$2007 1165/ha, a return on labour of up to US$2007 6.69/man-day and a fuelwood production cost of US$2007 0.53/GJ, compared to a local market price of US$2007 1.95/GJ. With a production cost of US$2007 19.60/GJ, Jatropha oil is too expensive to be used as an alternative for fuelwood. Instead it can be utilized economically as a diesel substitute, at an observed diesel cost of US$2007 1.49/l. The mean annual Biomass increment (MAI) in semi-arid East Shinyanga is too low to collect sufficient benefits from trading forestation carbon credits under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to cover the costs of forestation and forest management.
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cost benefit analysis of Biomass Energy supply options for rural smallholders in the semi arid eastern part of shinyanga region in tanzania
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2010Co-Authors: W T Wiskerke, V Dornburg, C D K Rubanza, R E Malimbwi, Andre FaaijAbstract:This study analyzes the economic feasibility of sustainable smallholder bio-Energy production under semi-arid conditions. The eastern part of Shinyanga region in Tanzania was chosen as a case study area. Three different sustainable Biomass Energy supply systems were compared by means of cost/benefit analysis: a small-scale forestation project for carbon sequestration, a short rotation woodlot and a Jatropha plantation, thereby using the produced Jatropha oil as a substitute for fuelwood or diesel. Rotational woodlots are most profitable with a Net Present Value Of UP to US$(2007) 11651ha, a return on labour of up to US$(2007) 6.69/man-day and a fuelwood production Cost Of US$(2007) 0,53/GJ, compared to a local market price of US$(2007) 1.95/GJ. With a production Cost Of US$(2007) 19.60/GJ. Jatropha oil is too expensive to be used as an alternative for fuelwood. Instead it can be utilized economically as a diesel substitute, at an observed diesel cost of US$(2007) 1.49/1. The mean annual Biomass increment (MAI) in semi-arid East Shinyanga is too low to collect sufficient benefits from trading forestation carbon credits under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to cover the costs of forestation and forest management. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.