The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ayhan Demirbas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Tomorrow’s biofuels: Goals and hopes
    Energy Sources Part A: Recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects, 2017
    Co-Authors: Ayhan Demirbas
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study is to investigate the importance of biofuels in the near future. A large number of research projects in the field of biofuels have been carried out. Biomasses can be converted into primarily liquid products in the presence of a reducing reagent, e.g., carbon monoxide or hydrogen. The main biofuels from biomasses are bioethanol, biodiesel, biohydrogen, biogas, and charcoal. The main biofuels are bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, vegetable oils, Biomethanol, pyrolysis oils, biogas, synthesis gas, and biohydrogen. The two major ethanol producers are the United States and Brazil followed by the European Union and China. The two major biodiesel producers are the European Union and Indonesia followed by Brazil and the United States. While the share of biofuels will become 5.0% the total automotive fuel consumption in 2020, it will increase to 11.8% in 2050. Liquid biofuels, especially ethanol and biodiesel, hold promise for the future. There is a worldwide interest in susta...

  • Emission Characteristics of Gasohol and Diesohol
    Energy Sources Part A-recovery Utilization and Environmental Effects, 2009
    Co-Authors: Ayhan Demirbas
    Abstract:

    Abstract The term biofuel is referred to liquid, gas, and solid fuels predominantly produced from biomass. Biofuels include bioethanol, Biomethanol, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, bio-synthetic gas (bio-syngas), bio-oil, bio-char, Fischer-Tropsch liquids, and biohydrogen. Biomethanol can be produced from biomass using bio-syngas obtained from steam reforming process of biomass. Biomethanol is considerably easier to recover than the bioethanol from biomass. Ethanol forms an azeotrope with water so it is expensive to purify the ethanol during recovery. Methanol recycles easier because it does not form an azeotrope. Gasoline and ethanol mixtures are called gasohol. Diesohol is a mixture of diesel fuel and hydrated ethanol that is blended using a chemical emulsifier. Diesohol is used in compression ignition engines as an alternative diesel fuel. The reductions of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide were 32 and 29% for CO emissions and 43 and 45% for CO2 emissions of E15 gasohol and diesohol, respectively. ...

  • biofuels securing the planet s future energy needs
    2008
    Co-Authors: Ayhan Demirbas
    Abstract:

    The biofuels include bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, vegetable oils, Biomethanol, pyrolysis oils, biogas, and biohydrogen. There are two global biomass based liquid transportation fuels that might replace gasoline and diesel fuel. These are bioethanol and biodiesel. World production of biofuel was about 68 billion L in 2007. The primary feedstocks of bioethanol are sugarcane and corn. Bioethanol is a gasoline additive/substitute. Bioethanol is by far the most widely used biofuel for transportation worldwide. About 60% of global bioethanol production comes from sugarcane and 40% from other crops. Biodiesel refers to a diesel-equivalent mono alkyl ester based oxygenated fuel. Biodiesel production using inedible vegetable oil, waste oil and grease has become more attractive recently. The economic performance of a biodiesel plant can be determined once certain factors are identified, such as plant capacity, process technology, raw material cost and chemical costs. The central policy of biofuel concerns job creation, greater efficiency in the general business environment, and protection of the environment.

  • Biofuels: Securing the Planet’s Future Energy Needs
    2008
    Co-Authors: Ayhan Demirbas
    Abstract:

    The biofuels include bioethanol, biobutanol, biodiesel, vegetable oils, Biomethanol, pyrolysis oils, biogas, and biohydrogen. There are two global biomass based liquid transportation fuels that might replace gasoline and diesel fuel. These are bioethanol and biodiesel. World production of biofuel was about 68 billion L in 2007. The primary feedstocks of bioethanol are sugarcane and corn. Bioethanol is a gasoline additive/substitute. Bioethanol is by far the most widely used biofuel for transportation worldwide. About 60% of global bioethanol production comes from sugarcane and 40% from other crops. Biodiesel refers to a diesel-equivalent mono alkyl ester based oxygenated fuel. Biodiesel production using inedible vegetable oil, waste oil and grease has become more attractive recently. The economic performance of a biodiesel plant can be determined once certain factors are identified, such as plant capacity, process technology, raw material cost and chemical costs. The central policy of biofuel concerns job creation, greater efficiency in the general business environment, and protection of the environment.

  • Biofuels sources, biofuel policy, biofuel economy and global biofuel projections
    Energy Conversion and Management, 2008
    Co-Authors: Ayhan Demirbas
    Abstract:

    The term biofuel is referred to liquid, gas and solid fuels predominantly produced from biomass. Biofuels include energy security reasons, environmental concerns, foreign exchange savings, and socioeconomic issues related to the rural sector. Biofuels include bioethanol, Biomethanol, vegetable oils, biodiesel, biogas, bio-synthetic gas (bio-syngas), bio-oil, bio-char, Fischer-Tropsch liquids, and biohydrogen. Most traditional biofuels, such as ethanol from corn, wheat, or sugar beets, and biodiesel from oil seeds, are produced from classic agricultural food crops that require high-quality agricultural land for growth. Bioethanol is a petrol additive/substitute. Biomethanol can be produced from biomass using bio-syngas obtained from steam reforming process of biomass. Biomethanol is considerably easier to recover than the bioethanol from biomass. Ethanol forms an azeotrope with water so it is expensive to purify the ethanol during recovery. Methanol recycles easier because it does not form an azeotrope. Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly alternative liquid fuel that can be used in any diesel engine without modification. There has been renewed interest in the use of vegetable oils for making biodiesel due to its less polluting and renewable nature as against the conventional petroleum diesel fuel. Due to its environmental merits, the share of biofuel in the automotive fuel market will grow fast in the next decade. There are several reasons for biofuels to be considered as relevant technologies by both developing and industrialized countries. Biofuels include energy security reasons, environmental concerns, foreign exchange savings, and socioeconomic issues related to the rural sector. The biofuel economy will grow rapidly during the 21st century. Its economy development is based on agricultural production and most people live in the rural areas. In the most biomass-intensive scenario, modernized biomass energy contributes by 2050 about one half of total energy demand in developing countries.

A.g.j. Van Der Ham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Techno-economic analysis of Biomethanol production via hybrid steam reforming of glycerol with natural gas
    Energy & Fuels, 2013
    Co-Authors: R.p. Balegedde Ramachandran, Stijn Oudenhoven, S.r.a. Kersten, G. Van Rossum, A.g.j. Van Der Ham
    Abstract:

    The present article deals with the techno-economic assessment of the hybrid steam reforming (HSR) process of glycerol (obtained via transesterification) together with natural gas to produce Biomethanol via the synthesis gas route. In this techno-economic assessment, a model is developed in the UniSim Design Suite process simulator using different glycerol amounts up to 54% (on a carbon basis) together with natural gas to produce synthesis gas at reforming conditions of 900 °C, S/C3. The techno-economic analysis shows that at the current market scenario (Oct–Dec 2012) with a natural gas price of 0.2 €/Nm3 and with an assumed glycerol price of 200 €/tonne, the average cost of Biomethanol is estimated as 433 €/tonne for a feed of 54 wt % of glycerol (on a carbon basis) with natural gas, which is 75 €/tonne higher than for the methanol obtained via only natural gas steam reforming. It is concluded that Biomethanol from a HSR process becomes more attractive when the natural gas price exceeds 0.45 €/Nm3 or when glycerol is available at lesser than 90 €/tonne. Splitting the production capacity in methanol and Biomethanol according to the feed composition would result in a price of 358 €/tonne and 470–500 €/tonne of methanol and Biomethanol, respectively, depending on the amount of glycerol in the feed. This means that currently, Biomethanol is not competitive with methanol unless special arrangements are made (regulations, subsidies) to promote the use of Biomethanol. For example, the EC Renewable Energy Directive1 states that the energy content of biofuels from wastes and residues (for instance crude glycerol) counts double. From the sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that feedstock prices and total capital investment have major influence on the final product value of Biomethanol. Furthermore, it is concluded that at the current price scenario, utilizing glycerol either in the furnace or in the reformer has no effect on the cost price. However, burning is not an option since the Biomethanol will not contain the required C14 isotope

R.p. Balegedde Ramachandran - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Techno-economic analysis of Biomethanol production via hybrid steam reforming of glycerol with natural gas
    Energy & Fuels, 2013
    Co-Authors: R.p. Balegedde Ramachandran, Stijn Oudenhoven, S.r.a. Kersten, G. Van Rossum, A.g.j. Van Der Ham
    Abstract:

    The present article deals with the techno-economic assessment of the hybrid steam reforming (HSR) process of glycerol (obtained via transesterification) together with natural gas to produce Biomethanol via the synthesis gas route. In this techno-economic assessment, a model is developed in the UniSim Design Suite process simulator using different glycerol amounts up to 54% (on a carbon basis) together with natural gas to produce synthesis gas at reforming conditions of 900 °C, S/C3. The techno-economic analysis shows that at the current market scenario (Oct–Dec 2012) with a natural gas price of 0.2 €/Nm3 and with an assumed glycerol price of 200 €/tonne, the average cost of Biomethanol is estimated as 433 €/tonne for a feed of 54 wt % of glycerol (on a carbon basis) with natural gas, which is 75 €/tonne higher than for the methanol obtained via only natural gas steam reforming. It is concluded that Biomethanol from a HSR process becomes more attractive when the natural gas price exceeds 0.45 €/Nm3 or when glycerol is available at lesser than 90 €/tonne. Splitting the production capacity in methanol and Biomethanol according to the feed composition would result in a price of 358 €/tonne and 470–500 €/tonne of methanol and Biomethanol, respectively, depending on the amount of glycerol in the feed. This means that currently, Biomethanol is not competitive with methanol unless special arrangements are made (regulations, subsidies) to promote the use of Biomethanol. For example, the EC Renewable Energy Directive1 states that the energy content of biofuels from wastes and residues (for instance crude glycerol) counts double. From the sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that feedstock prices and total capital investment have major influence on the final product value of Biomethanol. Furthermore, it is concluded that at the current price scenario, utilizing glycerol either in the furnace or in the reformer has no effect on the cost price. However, burning is not an option since the Biomethanol will not contain the required C14 isotope

Marco Martino - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Bioalcohol Reforming: An Overview of the Recent Advances for the Enhancement of Catalyst Stability
    Catalysts, 2020
    Co-Authors: Vincenzo Palma, Concetta Ruocco, Marta Cortese, Marco Martino
    Abstract:

    The growing demand for energy production highlights the shortage of traditional resources and the related environmental issues. The adoption of bioalcohols (i.e., alcohols produced from biomass or biological routes) is progressively becoming an interesting approach that is used to restrict the consumption of fossil fuels. Bioethanol, Biomethanol, bioglycerol, and other bioalcohols (propanol and butanol) represent attractive feedstocks for catalytic reforming and production of hydrogen, which is considered the fuel of the future. Different processes are already available, including steam reforming, oxidative reforming, dry reforming, and aqueous-phase reforming. Achieving the desired hydrogen selectivity is one of the main challenges, due to the occurrence of side reactions that cause coke formation and catalyst deactivation. The aims of this review are related to the critical identification of the formation of carbon roots and the deactivation of catalysts in bioalcohol reforming reactions. Furthermore, attention is focused on the strategies used to improve the durability and stability of the catalysts, with particular attention paid to the innovative formulations developed over the last 5 years.

Yanan Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Integrated Analysis of Energy, Economic, and Environmental Performance of Biomethanol from Rice Straw in China
    Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2009
    Co-Authors: Jun Xiao, Laihong Shen, Yanan Zhang
    Abstract:

    This paper focuses on a Biomethanol from the rice straw process involving the thermodynamic, economic, and environmental performance in China. Based on the simulation of methanol synthesis via biomass gasification in interconnected fluidized beds using Aspen Plus software, the method of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is applied to evaluate the impact of pollutant emissions in the full life cycles of Biomethanol. The integrated performance of Biomethanol system is analyzed combining with energy utilization, economic cost, and environmental impact. The results show that the methanol yield can reach 0.308 kg/(kg rice straw), i.e., the energy efficiency of rice straw conversion to Biomethanol is approximately 42.7%. For a Biomethanol plant with an annual production of 50,000 tons, the real cost of Biomethanol is evaluated at 2685 RMB/t, in which the economic cost is 2347 RMB/t, and the environmental cost is 337.6 RMB/t. Because of its high investment cost, presently the economic cost of Biomethanol is higher than that of coal-based methanol in China. Nevertheless Biomethanol will be becoming more competitive with the shortage of fossil fuel in the future. In the whole life cycle, the main pollutant emissions come from the Biomethanol production process and Biomethanol end-use by automobiles, whereas the net environmental effect is negative during the rice cultivation. Global warming is the most influential factor of the different impact categories. However, 1910 kg of CO2 can be fixed for one ton of methanol by photosynthesis in the growth of rice, thus the effect of global warming is significantly reduced by biomass utilization compared with coal-based methanol. The integrated performance indicates that producing methanol from rice straw is beneficial to both the utilization of agriculture waste and in the improvement of environment.